Litiyumu - Ion Ikurura Bateri Yuzuye Ubuzima

Ukwezi gushize twashenye 48V 400Ah ya forklift yamashanyarazi yagarutse avuye muri logistique mu Buholandi. Umukiriya yinubiye ko yapfuye kuri cycle 1,400. Igeragezwa rya laboratoire ryerekanye selile eshatu muri module 2 yicaye kuri 2.6V mugihe abaturanyi babo bafite 3.2V. Icyo cyuho cya 600mV nticyari gihari mugihe ipaki yoherejwe {{11} records inyandiko zacu QC zerekanye itandukaniro rya 8mV mugutanga. Ahantu hagati ya Rotterdam n'amezi 14 ya atatu - yo guhinduranya, ikintu cyagiye kuruhande.

Ibi bibaho kenshi kuruta impapuro zerekana. Kandi birakwiye gusobanukirwa impamvu.

Ikibazo cya 80%

IEC 62620 isobanura iherezo - rya - ubuzima bwa bateri ya lithium yinganda nkingingo iyo ubushobozi bukoreshwa bugabanuka munsi ya 80% yubushobozi bwagenwe. Biroroshye bihagije. Ipaki ya 400Ah "ipfa" kuri 320Ah. Amasoko menshi yerekana amasoko yandukura iki gisobanuro mu magambo.

Ariko dore icyo IEC 62620 itakubwira: urwo rugabano rwashyizweho kugirango laboratoire isanzwe. Ubushyuhe bugenzurwa. Igiciro cyagenwe. Umwirondoro umwe wo gusohora wasubiwemo inshuro ibihumbi. Ntamuntu ukora forklifts mucyumba cyikirere kuri dogere 25 hamwe na 0.5C ihora isohoka.

Ibyo Mubyukuri Byica Amapaki hakiri kare

Urubanza rw’Ubuholandi rwerekanye mu buryo butaziguye kwaguka kw’akagari. Twabonye ubu buryo inshuro zihagije kugirango tumenye ko bidashoboka.

Buri paki yoherejwe hamwe nuburyo butandukanye hagati ya selile. Ubworoherane bwo gukora burahari. Ubunini bwa electrode buratandukana micron kuri micron kumurongo wibyakozwe. Electrolyte yuzuza amajwi ntabwo ihwanye neza. Itandukaniro ni rito - birashoboka ± 1.5% itandukaniro ryubushobozi mubice bigenzuwe neza, ± 4% cyangwa bibi kubatanga batiri ya lithium baca inguni kubigenzura byinjira.

Mu ruhererekane rw'umugozi, selile idakomeye ishyiraho umuvuduko. Gusohora birahagarara iyo selile ikubise voltage, utitaye kubushobozi busigaye muri selile zikomeye. Kwishyuza birangira iyo selile ikomeye yuzuye, birashoboka ko hasigara selile zidakabije.

Intangangore zintege nke zizunguruka cyane ugereranije nubushobozi bwayo. Amagare yimbitse yihutisha gukura kwa SEI kuri grafite anode {{1} interface Imigaragarire ikomeye ya electrolyte ikora muburyo busanzwe mugihe ikora ariko ikabyimba vuba mugihe uhangayitse. Buri cyiciro, icyuho kiraguka. Ingirabuzimafatizo idakomeye. Ubushobozi bwo gupakira bukurikirana ababikora nabi, butesha agaciro vuba ugereranije.

Dataset ya 2023 yasohowe nabashakashatsi basaza lithium - ion munsi yimikorere ifatika ya forklift yerekana neza ubu buryo. Ingirabuzimafatizo zapimwe kuri dogere 45 zateshejwe agaciro inshuro ebyiri niziri kuri dogere 35 hejuru yinshingano zingana. Ubushyuhe bwa gradients imbere yipaki - ibaho rwose bitewe numwanya, umwuka, hamwe no kuba hafi ya moteri ya moteri - bitera ingaruka zimwe: gusaza kutaringaniye, kwihuta kutumvikana.

Ubushyuhe Ntabwo ari Umurongo Wihariye

Inganda za forklift zikunda kuvuga ubushyuhe bwimikorere. "Ikora kuva kuri dogere -20 kugeza kuri dogere 60." Nibyo, paki izakora tekiniki murwego rwo gukwirakwiza. Ariko hariho itandukaniro rinini hagati y "imikorere" n "" iramba. "

Umubano wa Arrhenius ugenga igipimo cyimiti, kandi gukura kwa SEI muburyo bwimiti. Kuri buri dogere 10 hejuru ya dogere 25, uburyo bwo gutesha agaciro hafi kabiri mumuvuduko. Ipaki ikora kuri dogere 35 yubushyuhe buringaniye imyaka yikubye kabiri imwe ikomeza kuri dogere 25. Shyira kuri dogere 45 - zisanzwe mububiko bushyushye cyangwa udupaki twanyunyujije mubice bya chassis bigoye hamwe no guhumeka nabi - kandi urareba 4x yihuta gusaza.

Ibidukikije bikonje bitera ibibazo bitandukanye. Munsi ya dogere 10, lithium plaque ibyago byiyongera mugihe cyo kwishyuza. Litiyumu ibitse hejuru ya anode aho guhuza neza muri grafite. Ibi nibishobora kudasubirwaho gutakaza ubushobozi hiyongereyeho ikibazo cyumutekano niba isahani irundanyije.

Twatangiye gusaba gucunga neza ubushyuhe - gukonjesha abafana byoroshye, ntakintu kidasanzwe - kubakiriya kumasoko yo muri Aziya yepfo yepfo yepfo nyuma yo kubona imiterere ihamye mumapaki yagarutse. Kuzamura amadolari 300 mubisanzwe byongera ubuzima bwikurikiranya 800-1200 ukurikije ibihe bidukikije. Kuri flet ikora 400+ inzinguzingo buri mwaka, iyo ni imyaka 2-3 yinyongera yumurimo.

Ibyo BMS ishobora kandi idashobora gukosora

Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri ikurikirana voltage, ubushyuhe, nubu. Ibyiza biringaniza selile mugihe cyo kwishyuza. Ariko BMS ntishobora gukosora ibintu bidahuye - irashobora guhisha ibimenyetso byigihe gito.

Kuringaniza passiyo biva amaraso arenze selile ndende binyuze mumurwanya. Kuringaniza ibikorwa bifatika byishyuza hagati ya selile neza. Ubwo buryo bwombi buringaniza voltage kurangiza kwishyurwa. Ntanubwo ikemura ikibazo cyibanze: niba selile imwe ifite 380Ah mugihe abaturanyi bafite 400Ah, kuringaniza byemeza ko bigera kuri voltage imwe, ariko iyo selile 380Ah iracyagabanya ubushobozi bwo gusohora ibicuruzwa.

Kugenzura ubuziranenge nyabwo bibaho hejuru - guhitamo selile, gutondeka, no guhuza mbere yo guterana. Igenzura rya Polinovel ryinjira ± 5mV itandukanya voltage na capacity 1.5% ubushobozi buhuye ningirabuzimafatizo zigenewe paki imwe. Gukubita ibyo kwihanganira bisaba igihe n'amafaranga. Kutabakubita bisaba abakiriya cycle ubuzima.

Ingeso yo Kwishyuza Ikintu Cyinshi Kurenza Igiciro

Abakoresha bahangayikishijwe no kwishyurwa byihuse byangiza bateri. Kubwimpamvu - vuga, 0.3C kugeza 1C kuri chimie ya LFP {{4} rate igipimo cyamafaranga kigira ingaruka nke ugereranije nibindi bintu.

Icyangombwa cyane: kwishyuza amashanyarazi ya voltage no gusohora ubujyakuzimu.

Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe kuri selile ya lithium cobalt bwerekanye ko kugabanya kugabanuka kwamafaranga 100mV - kwemera bitarenze ubushobozi bwuzuye buri giciro - ubuzima bwagutse 2-3x. LFP chimie irababarira cyane, ariko ihame rifite. Batteri yashimangiye kumipaka ntarengwa yimyaka kurenza iyakoreshejwe margin.

Ubujyakuzimu bwo gusohora bukurikiza uburyo bumwe. Ipaki yazengurutse hagati ya 20 - 80% SOC izarenza igipimo kimwe cyizengurutse 0 - 100% hafi 3-5x bitewe na chimie nubushyuhe. Abakozi ba Fleet bashobora gupima paki hamwe na buffer ihagije-aho kuyikoresha kugirango basibe buri shift-reba ibintu byiza mubuzima bwiza.

Ibi ntabwo ari amahame. Biragaragara mumibare yacu ya garanti. Abakiriya bakora ingendo nke mu kirere - ibikoresho bigenzurwa babona inzinguzingo 3, 000+ buri gihe. Abakiriya bakora inzinguzingo zimbitse ahantu hashyushye barashobora kubona 1.500. Ingirabuzimafatizo zimwe, BMS imwe, chimie imwe {{8} conditions imikorere itandukanye, ibisubizo bitandukanye cyane.

Gupakira Ubucuruzi Ubucuruzi - offs

Amapaki menshi yo gukurura inganda akoresha urukurikirane ruvanze - ibishushanyo mbonera. Sisitemu isanzwe ya 48V 400Ah irashobora gukoresha 4P16S - selile enye muburyo bwo gukora itsinda, amatsinda cumi nagatandatu murukurikirane. Amatsinda abangikanye atanga bimwe mubisanzwe kugabana no kwihanganira amakosa. Guhuza urukurikirane byubaka voltage.

Umubare munini ugereranije ugereranije utanga kwihangana. Kunanirwa kwakagari kamwe mumatsinda ya 4P bigabanya ubushobozi bwitsinda kuri 25% ariko bigakomeza paki. Ibyo kunanirwa kimwe muburyo bwa 2P bigabanya itsinda. Kubikoresho aho amasaha atateganijwe atwara $ 200-400 / isaha, ubucucike burahambaye.

Impande zinyuranye: ibarwa iringaniye irashobora guhisha ibibazo byiterambere. Intege nke yo kugabana hamwe nabaturanyi batatu bafite ubuzima bwiza ikuramo bike muri pisine isanzwe, birashobora gutinda gutahura kugeza selile nyinshi zangirika cyane.

Niyo mpamvu selile - gukurikirana urwego binyuze muri BMS - ntabwo ari module - urwego - bigenda biba ingenzi kubikorwa byo hejuru - byiringirwa. Ibyuma byongera ibyuma byongera ibiciro, ariko bitanga umuburo wambere wibibazo byiterambere.

Ibiteganijwe

Nibyiza - yateguwe na pake yo gukwega LFP mubihe bikwiye - 25-35 ikora dogere, guhuza selile ikwiye, 80% DOD yo gusiganwa ku magare-iteganya kuzunguruka 2500-3500 kugeza kuri 80%. Ubuzima bwa kalendari busanzwe burenga imyaka 8-10 ukurikije uburyo busanzwe bwo kubika.

Igikorwa cyo kwibabaza kigabanya iyi mibare cyane. Utugingo ngengabuzima duhuye neza, hejuru - ibidukikije byubushyuhe, gusohora kwimbitse, cyangwa gucunga ubushyuhe budahagije birashobora kugabanya ubuzima bwa serivisi kugeza kuri 1,200-1,800. Twabonye kurenza urugero.

Itandukaniro riri hagati yimanza nziza - nibibi - bisobanura impamvu amatsinda yamasoko asuzuma paki ya batiri ya lithium yinganda agomba kureba ibirenze imitwe. Baza gutesha agaciro umurongo uva kumurongo ugereranije. Saba selile ihamye yamakuru kuva mubikorwa. Sobanukirwa na filozofiya yubushyuhe. Bateriyeri yose izwi ya Lithium umufatanyabikorwa OEM arashobora gutanga ibisobanuro birambuye - kandi agomba, atarinze.

Icyo Ibi bivuze mubikorwa

Serivise yubuzima bwa serivisi itwara igiciro cyose cyo kubara nyirubwite. Ipaki 15,000 $ itanga inzinguzingo 3.000 igura $ 5 / cycle. Ipaki imwe itanga inzinguzingo 1.500 igura $ 10 / cycle. Mu buryo butunguranye, inyungu zo gukora kurenza gurş - aside iragabanuka cyane.

Abashinzwe amato bagereranya forklift ya lithium itanga bateri ntibagomba guhagarara kubiciro kandi bisaba ubuzima bwinzira. Gucukumbura imyitozo yo gushakisha isoko. Baza ibijyanye na voltage nubushobozi bujyanye no kwihanganira guterana. Sobanukirwa n'amagambo ya garanti - byumwihariko, igipimo cyo gutesha agaciro gitera ubwishingizi nuburyo imikorere ikora itesha agaciro.

Imiterere ya batiri ya lithium itesha agaciro ikoreshwa kwisi yose. Ikitandukanya udupaki twibasiye ubuzima bwateganijwe nubwa bugufi ni disipuline yubuhanga muri buri cyiciro: guhitamo selile, gushushanya ubushyuhe, kalibrasi ya BMS, no kuvugana ubunyangamugayo kubyerekeye inzitizi zikorwa.

Twakoraga bateri ya LiFePO4 yo gukurura ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibikoresho kuva 2016. Uburyo tubona mugusubira mu murima ntabwo bwahindutse cyane: guhangayikishwa n'ubushyuhe, kongera imbaraga mu ngirabuzimafatizo, hamwe n'imikorere yo hanze y’imipaka bigizwe ahanini no kunanirwa hakiri kare. Amapaki akora neza asangiye ibintu biranga - guhuza ingirabuzimafatizo, guhuza amashyuza ahagije, hamwe nabakoresha bumva imipaka yabo.

Ibyo ntibishimishije kuruta gutangaza ibya chimie. Ariko nicyo kigena niba amato yawe abona ubuzima bwa serivisi urubanza rwawe rwakorewe.