Kuki Guturika - Ibyemezo byubahirizwa bisobanura kugera ku isoko - Ntabwo ari umutekano gusa
Umubare w’ibicuruzwa bya mazutu by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi byatangiye gukurikizwa muri Gashyantare 2026. Ositaraliya irangiza igipimo cya 0.01 mg / m³ mu Kuboza 2026, kikaba kibuza isi cyane. Imisoro ya karubone yo muri Kanada yazamutse kuri CAD $ 170 kuri toni mu 2030. Ku bakora inganda za batiri zigamije ayo masoko, icyemezo cyaturikiye - icyemezo cyaturutse ku nyungu zo guhatanira kugera ku irembo ryinjira ku isoko. Hatabayeho Ex ikimenyetso cyukuri kuri buri bubasha, ibicuruzwa bicara mububiko buhujwe mugihe abanywanyi buzuza ibicuruzwa.
Igiteranyo cyibiciro byinshi - Icyemezo cyo guturika amabuye yo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro atwara $ 150,000 - $ 500,000 hamwe nigihe cyagenwe amezi 12-24 (IECEx). Iyi ntera yerekana imishinga 40+ yo kwemeza itsinda ryacu ryubwubatsi ryayoboye mumezi 18 ashize mumihanda ya IECEx, ATEX, MA, na MSHA. Ikwirakwizwa muri buri cyiciro ritwarwa hafi ya byose nigishushanyo mbonera gihinduka: niba ibikoresho byo guhunga ubushyuhe byashyizwe mubikoresho bya batiri kuva umushinga wambere, cyangwa bigahinduka mugihe ibizamini byemeza byagaragaye ko hari icyuho.
Nigute Wasoma Ibimenyetso Byaturikiye - Bateri Yerekana Ubucukuzi
Buri kintu cyemewe giturika - bateri yerekana ibimenyetso bitwara Ex ikimenyetso cyanditseho. Amatsinda menshi yo gutanga amasoko nubwubatsi arabireba kugirango yemeze bateri "ifite icyemezo." Bake cyane barashobora kuyisoma kumurima, kandi icyo cyuho gitera ibyago nyabyo mugihe cyo gusuzuma niba koko bateri ihuye nurubuga rwawe rwangiza.
Fata ikimenyetso gisanzwe: Ex d IIB T4 Gb. Buri gice kirimo ibipimo byihariye byumutekano.
Ex yemeza ko ibikoresho byemewe murwego rwa IEC 60079 cyangwa urwego rwakarere ruhwanye. d igaragaza igitekerezo cyo kurinda, muriki gihe uruzitiro rwa flameproof, bivuze ko inzu yakozwe kugirango ibemo ibisasu byose imbere kandi ikabuza gutwika ikirere gikikije. IIB isobanura itsinda rya gaze ibikoresho byapimwe (Itsinda rya II, Itsinda B, bitwikiriye imyuka kugeza kuri Ethylene). T4 nicyiciro cyubushyuhe: ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwubuso bwibikoresho mubihe bitaribyo ntibishobora kurenga dogere 135. Gb yerekana urwego rwo kurinda ibikoresho, ibereye kwishyiriraho Zone 1 (ahantu hashobora kuba ikirere gishobora guturika mugihe gikora gisanzwe).
Hano niho ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro butandukana no gukoresha inganda rusange. Ibikoresho byo gucukura mu nsi biri munsi yitsinda rya mbere, ntabwo ari itsinda rya II. Itsinda rya I ryerekana gukoresha imiterere itandukanye. Ex d I Mb, kurugero, isimbuza itsinda rya gaze hamwe na I kubera ko ibyago ari methane, kandi Mb yerekana ibikoresho byabugenewe gukoreshwa mu birombe bifite urwego rwo kurinda bisaba ingufu za - igihe ikirere gikikije giturika.
Ingaruka zifatika: ipaki ya batiri yanditseho Ex d IIB T4 Gb yemejwe mubikorwa byo hejuru byinganda zirimo imyuka ya Ethylene -. Ntabwo byemewe kubucukuzi bwamakara yo munsi, nubwo bitwara ikimenyetso cyemewe Ex. Iri tandukanyirizo rigenda ryitsinda ryamasoko buri gihe, kandi ntanubwo "guturika - gihamya" kuranga kurupapuro rwibicuruzwa bisimbuza gusoma ibimenyetso nyabyo. Mubikorwa byacu byubujyanama bwo gutanga ibyemezo, ibyiciro bitari byo mu matsinda kurutonde rwabatanga ibyinjira ni ikosa rimwe risanzwe dushyira ahagaragara mugihe cyo gusuzuma ibishushanyo mbonera.
Itsinda I vs Itsinda rya II: Kuki Ubucukuzi bw'Amabuye y'agaciro aribwo busabwa cyane - Icyiciro gihamya
IEC 60079 ikurikirana igabanya ibidukikije byangiza mumatsinda abiri yibikoresho, kandi itandukaniro rifite akamaro kuruta kure cyane ibyerekana ibyemezo byerekana (IEC).
Itsinda rya II
Gupfukirana ibidukikije byinganda: uruganda rutunganya amavuta, ibihingwa ngandurarugo, kuzamura ingano, aho ibyago ari gaze imwe cyangwa ivumbi. Ibikoresho birageragezwa kandi byemejwe kubitsinda ryihariye rya gazi (IIA, IIB, IIC) hashingiwe kubiranga ingufu zo gutwika.
Itsinda I.
Nubucukuzi bwubutaka, kandi ikibazo cyubwubatsi kiratandukanye cyane. Ikirere kirimo metani (fireamp) nkibintu byambere byangiza gaze, ariko ibidukikije icyarimwe byerekana ivumbi ryamakara yaka.
Guturika kwa batiri gucukura - igisubizo gihamye rero kigomba kurinda uburyo bubiri bwo gutwika bukorera hamwe: gutwika gaze no gutwika umukungugu. Izi ebyiri - umwirondoro wibyago niyo mpamvu Itsinda rya I ritwara ibisabwa cyane murwego rwa IEC 60079.
Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe bigaragaza icyuho. Kubikoresho bya Groupe II murwego rwa T4, ubushyuhe ntarengwa ni dogere 135. Ku bikoresho byo gucukura mu itsinda rya mbere, ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwo hejuru bwafashwe kuri dogere 150 munsi ya IEC 60079 - 0 Ingingo ya 5.3, ariko iki gisenge gikurikizwa ku mbogamizi ihuriweho ko ubuso butagomba gutwika metani cyangwa ivumbi ry’amakara ryegeranya hejuru y’ibikoresho munsi y’ubutaka. Amakara yamakara yamakara - ubushyuhe bwo gutwika buratandukana bitewe nuburinganire, kandi abagenzuzi bashinzwe umutekano mu birombe bakunze gukoresha intera ya dogere 50-75 munsi y’ubushyuhe bw’imodoka bwashyizwe hejuru y’ibikoresho byo mu mukungugu hejuru y’ibikoresho, hashingiwe ku myitozo y’ubugenzuzi yanditse mu gitabo cyashyizweho na IEC 60079-14 hamwe n’umugereka w’igihugu, bigatuma ubushyuhe bugaragara neza munsi y’igisenge cy’izina.
Kwemeza bateri kubitsinda rya Groupe II hanyuma ugerageza "kuzamura" kugirango ukoreshe ubucukuzi bw'itsinda rya mbere ntabwo ari imyitozo. Mubisanzwe bisaba kongera gushushanya sisitemu yo gucunga amashyuza, geometrie ikikijwe, hamwe nikosa rya BMS - logique yo gusubiza. Icyo ari cyo cyoseguturika - gihamya yubucukuzi bwa batiri igenewe koherezwa mubutakabigomba gutegurwa kurwanya itsinda rya mbere ibisabwa kuva tugitangira.
ATEX vs IECEx vs MSHA: Kugereranya Ibisabwa bya tekiniki yo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro
Uburyo butatu bwo gutanga ibyemezo bugenga iturika - ibyangombwa bisabwa gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, kandi birarenze munsi yincamake bivuze.
ATEX(Amabwiriza 2014/34 / EU) ni itegeko kubikoresho byashyizwe ku isoko rya EU. Ibisabwa bya batiri ya ATEX kubisabwa mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bitangirana no gusuzuma umubiri wabimenyeshejwe (TÜV SÜD, SGS, cyangwa Biro Veritas), kandi uwabikoze agomba gukomeza ISO 80079 - 34 sisitemu yo gucunga neza. Ibizamini bya tekiniki bisabwa byerekana urukurikirane rwa IEC 60079: ibizamini byumuvuduko ukabije wa flameproof kuri IEC 60079-1 hamwe nisesengura ryumutekano wimbere muri IEC 60079-11. Igihe ntarengwa cyo gutanga neza: amezi 3-12. Bije: $ 30,000 - 100.000 $ kubwikitegererezo kimwe cya batiri.
IECExisangiye kimwe IEC 60079 ishingiro rya tekiniki nka ATEX, bityo amakuru yikizamini ahanini yimurwa hagati yinzira zombi. Ku bakora ibicuruzwa byibasiye Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’ibihugu bibiri cyangwa byinshi birenga IECEx, urutonde rukora neza ni ugukurikirana IECEx mbere no gukoresha Icyemezo cyo guhuza kugira ngo ATEX ihindurwe; ikizamini cyo guhuzagurika gishobora kubika ibyumweru 4-6 byigihe cyo kohereza.
Amasoko atatu asaba cyane cyane inyongera zirenze IECEx CoC ni Australiya (inyandiko yinyongera yo gupima ibidukikije), Burezili (byemejwe n’igiporutugali - ibisobanuro by’indimi binyuze muri INMETRO), na Afurika yepfo (Amabwiriza y’ubuzima n’umutekano yubahirizwa). Buri wese yongeraho amezi 3-6 na $ 15,000- $ 40,000 mugihe cyo kwinjira ku isoko. Kumenya ibihugu byanyu byihariye mbere yuko icyemezo gitangira no kubaka ibyo bisabwa muri gahunda yambere yikizamini bivanaho isoko rusange yoherejwe - gutinda kwicyemezo.
Kubyemezo bya matrix yinzira yo kwemeza ihuye nisoko ryihariye ryihariye, iwacuUbucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya Lokomotive Ibipimo byumutekano & Icyemezoikubiyemo inzira - logique yo guhitamo mubwimbitse.
MSHA(Mine Safety and Health Administration, Amerika) irerekana ikibazo gitandukanye rwose. Amabwiriza ya MSHA munsi ya 30 CFR Igice cya 7 yabanje kwandikwa hafi ya aside - acide na nikel - tekinoroji ya batiri ya kadmium. Nta bipimo ngenderwaho bya MSHA bihari byerekeranye na batiri ya litiro - ion mu birombe by'amakara yo munsi. Uburyo buriho ni urubanza - na - gusuzuma isuzuma, bitera ibibazo bibiri: igihe ntarengwa (amezi 6-18) kandi nta bisobanuro byatangajwe kuri pre - injeniyeri.
Muri uru rubanza - na - urwego rwimanza, ibyatanzwe byihuta binyuze mu isuzuma rya MSHA bisangiye ibintu bitatu biranga: bikubiyemo kugereranya kumugaragaro ibicuruzwa byateganijwe mbere - acide cyangwa nikel -} oscilloscope - yagenzuwe amakosa ya BMS - igihe cyo gusubiza aho gushushanya - imenyekanisha ryibipimo. Abahinguzi basaba inama yo gutanga - mbere yo gutanga MSHA mbere yo gutanga mubisanzwe bareba igihe cyo kwemererwa amezi 4-6 ugereranije nabatanga ubukonje.
| Icyemezo | Imiterere y'akarere | Ishingiro rya tekiniki | Igihe gisanzwe | Igiciro kigereranijwe |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATEX | Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi | IEC 60079 | Amezi 3-12 | $30K–$100K |
| IECEx | 30+ ibihugu (kumenyekanisha) | IEC 60079 | Amezi 6-18 | Ugereranije na ATEX |
| MSHA | Amerika (ibirombe by'amakara) | 30 CFR Igice cya 7 (urubanza - na - urubanza rwa Li - ion) | Amezi 6-18 | Ugereranije na IECEx |
| MA (Ubushinwa) | Ubushinwa (ibirombe by'amakara) | GB 3836 | Biratandukanye | Ingengo yimari isabwa |
Icyemezo cya MA (Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro) mu Bushinwa gikoresha urutonde rwa GB 3836, rukomoka mu buhanga rukomoka kuri IEC 60079 ariko rutandukana mu bipimo byihariye by'ibizamini n'ibisabwa. MA ntabwo izwi na IECEx. Kubakora ibicuruzwa byibanda kumasoko yubucukuzi bwamabuye yuburengerazuba nu Bushinwa, ibi bivuze gukomeza gahunda zibiri zibangikanye hamwe nicyitegererezo cyibizamini bitandukanye, ibyangombwa, hamwe ninshingano zikomeza kubahirizwa. Turakomeza gahunda ya MA na IECEx ibyemezo byo kwemeza munzu -, bivuze ko igishushanyo mbonera - ibyemezo byicyiciro byujuje ibyiciro byombi byubatswe mubikorwa byubwubatsi kuva twatangira, ntabwo byiyunze nyuma yukuri.
Flameproof (Ex d) vs Umutekano Wimbere (Ex i): Ubucuruzi bwo Gushushanya - off for Mining Battery Pack
IEC 60079 {{1}. Ku baguzi bagaragaza bateri itekanye imbere yo gukoresha ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, iyi mbaraga ntarengwa niyo mpamvu igitekerezo cyo gukingira gikora mugukurikirana imirongo ariko ntigishobora gupfukirana ingufu z'amashanyarazi ubwazo.
Umutekano wimbere ukora mukugabanya ingufu zamashanyarazi ziboneka mumuzunguruko kugeza kurwego rushobora gutwika gaze cyangwa ivumbi. Kuri hasi - ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nka sensor, modules zitumanaho, hamwe no kugenzura imirongo, ibi nibyiza kandi byiza. Amapaki ya batiri abika kilowatt mirongo - amasaha yingufu, umutekano wimbere ni intangiriro - itangira. A.gucukura amabuye y'agaciro ya batiri kuri 51.2V / 315Ahmuburyo burenze izo mbibi ukurikije amategeko yubunini.
Igisubizo gifatika, cyanditswe murungano - cyasuzumye ubushakashatsi ku guturika - gihamya ya lithium - igishushanyo mbonera cya batiri (ion)Ubumenyi. Uruzitiro rwa flameproof rurimo ikintu cyose cyimbere arc cyangwa icyuka cyimbere mumazu yashizweho kugirango ahangane nigitutu kivuyemo adakwirakwiza umuriro mwikirere. BMS ifite umutekano imbere yemeza ko imiyoboro yo hasi - ikurikirana amashanyarazi (sensing voltage, sensing ubushyuhe, itumanaho rya bisi) ntishobora kubyara ingufu zihagije zo gutera umuriro nubwo amakosa yumuzunguruko.
Igishushanyo mbonera cya Hybride hafi ya yose mumashanyarazi ya batiri hejuru ya 5 kWh, ariko itangiza ikibazo cyicyemezo gifata abayikora. Uruzitiro rwa flameproof rusaba kwipimisha munsi ya IEC 60079 - 1 (ibizamini byumuvuduko, kugenzura inzira yumuriro, kugenzura ingaruka). BMS ifite umutekano imbere isaba isuzuma ryihariye kuri IEC 60079 - 11 (isesengura ryamakosa, kugenzura ibice, kubara ingufu). Kandi guhuza Ex d na Ex i mumateraniro imwe itera ibindi bisabwa kugirango habeho intera hagati yuburyo bubiri bwo kurinda: aho winjirira insinga, guhuza ibiryo, no guhuza inzitizi zitandukanya imiyoboro y’umutekano imbere n’amashanyarazi adafite umutekano.
Imbaraga zo gutanga ibyemezo bya Hybrid Ex d + Ex i ipaki ya batiri ntabwo ari umubare wibyemezo bibiri. Mubisanzwe ni 1.5-22 imbaraga zaba zonyine, kuko isesengura ryimbere ryongeramo urwego rwa gatatu rwisubiramo rukora kuri domaine zombi.
Guhunga Ubushyuhe no Guturika - Ibipimo ngenderwaho: Icyuho kivuka
Hano hari impagarara zerekana ko ibipimo ngenderwaho biriho bitarakemuka neza, kandi bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye uburyo amabuye ya batiri acukura amabuye y'agaciro agomba gukorwa muri iki gihe na mbere yuko ibipimo bifata.
Urukurikirane rwa IEC 60079 rwashizweho kugirango rukingire inkomoko yo gutwikwa hanze (ikibatsi, arc, ubuso bushyushye) ikongeza ikirere giturika. Ibipimo byerekana ko ibikoresho ubwabyo bidatanga imyuka iturika mugihe gisanzwe cyangwa amakosa. Litiyumu - bateri ion zica iki gitekerezo.
Mugihe cyo guhunga ubushyuhe, selile imwe ya LFP irashobora kurekura litiro 0,5-2,5 za gaze yaka umuriro, cyane cyane hydrogène, monoxyde de carbone, na metani (ScienceDirect). Mu mwanya ufunguye ikirombe cyo munsi y'ubutaka gifite umwuka uhagije, ingano ya gaze iva mu bintu byinshi - ibyuka bya selile yumuriro birashobora kugera kumurongo hejuru yumupaka uturika. Uruzitiro rwa flameproof rurinda umuriro wo hanze kugera mu kirere cyimbere ya bateri, ariko ntabwo rwari rwarakozwe mbere yo kubamo cyangwa guhumeka neza imyuka iterwa na selile ya batiri ubwayo mugihe byananiranye.
Iki nicyo cyuho. Sisitemu ya IECEx irimo kuganira cyane ku buryo bwo gukemura ikibazo cya batiri - kubyara gaze imbere mu rwego rwa 60079, hamwe na komite tekinike zimwe na zimwe zireba gushyiramo ibisabwa bisa n’ibizamini byo gukwirakwiza amashyanyarazi muri UN / ECE R100.03 (byateguwe mbere na bateri zikurura amamodoka). Nta cyahinduwe ku mugaragaro cyashyizwe ahagaragara, ariko icyerekezo kirasobanutse: ivugururwa ry’ibizaza - ibipimo bya batiri byerekana ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bizaba birimo rwose batiri - ibisabwa byihariye by’ubushyuhe.
Kubakora ibicuruzwa bitegura gucukura amabuye yumuriro kurinda uyumunsi, aho gutangirira ni imbaraga zo kugabanya umuvuduko, inzitizi zubushyuhe hagati ya selile, na BMS algorithms zerekana hakiri kare -. Ariko ibipimo bifatika inyuma yizi ngamba niho amakipe menshi yubuhanga abona nabi kuri pass yambere.LFP selile kuri 100% leta yishyurwakurekura gaze 3-5 × yihuta kurusha selile kuri 50% SOC mugihe cyo guhunga ubushyuhe, bihuye na selile - amakuru aranga urwego munsi ya IEC 62619 protocole yo gupima ubushyuhe bwumuriro (ScienceDirect). Imyuka itabara igitutu igomba kuba minini kubintu bibi - imiterere ya SOC, ntabwo igipimo cyagereranijwe -. Kurenga 60% byimishinga twateye inkunga, itsinda ryambere ryubwubatsi ryabaze ubushobozi bwa valve yubutabazi irwanya SOC nominal, ntabwo ari byinshi. Uku kubara kutari kwo kwatumye ibishushanyo mbonera byibyumweru 8-12 mbere yuko ibizamini byemeza bitangira.
IwacuAmashanyarazi ya Forklift Batteri yumutekanoikubiyemo amahame yo gukumira amashyanyarazi akoreshwa mugukoresha porogaramu za batiri, nubwo ibidukikije byacukuwe byongera imbogamizi zinyongera ziterwa nikirere giturika.
Kunanirwa Kwemeza Rusange: Ibitagenda nabi nimpamvu
Nyuma yo gushyigikira ibisasu birenga 40 - ibyemezo byemeza batiri kubikoresho byubucukuzi, uburyo bwo gutsindwa tubona burahuye kuburyo budasanzwe. Konti eshatu kubwinshi bwingengo yimari irenga no kwagura igihe.
Kunanirwa # 1: Ibikoresho byo guhunga ubushyuhe byateguwe nkibitekerezo.Ikosa rimwe rihenze cyane ni ukuzuza ibipaki ya bateri yububiko bwa mashini na mashanyarazi, gutanga ibizamini byemeza, no kuvumbura mugihe cyibizamini bya flameproof cyangwa isuzuma ryumuriro ko ipaki idafite ubushyuhe buhagije bwo gutandukanya ubushyuhe hagati ya selile. Icyo gihe, kongera gushushanya imiterere yimbere (kongeramo inzitizi zubushyuhe, guhindura inzira zo gutabara igitutu, guhindura ubugari bwurukuta rwuruzitiro) ntibitera ibiciro byubwubatsi gusa ahubwo byongeye gutangira byuzuye byikizamini. Twabonye imishinga aho ubu buryo bwikubye kane ingengo yimari yambere yo gutanga ibyemezo, duhindura icyemezo giteganijwe $ 75.000 gihinduka $ 300, 000+ imyitozo imara amezi 24.
Hariho ikizamini gifatika cyo kumenya niba ibikoresho byo gutwarwa nubushyuhe byinjiye muburyo bwawe bwo gushushanya cyangwa biracyari umurongo wigihe kizaza kugirango - ukore urutonde: niba itsinda ryanyu ryubwubatsi ritarabara umuvuduko wimbere wimbere wikigo cya flameproof munsi yigitutu gisanzwe (kuri groupe ya gazi ikoreshwa) hamwe nigitutu cyinyongera kiva mubikorwa bibi -, hanyuma kubitondekanya ntabwo byateguwe mugihe cyateganijwe,
Kunanirwa # 2: Upstream selile itanga ibyangombwa.Urwego rwemeza ntirusuzuma gusa ipaki ya batiri yarangiye; ikurikirana ibice byubahirizwa gusubira kurwego rwakagari. UN38.3 incamake yikizamini igomba kuva muri ILAC - laboratoire zemewe kandi zemewe mugihe cyo kwipimisha. Mu cyiciro cy’ubugenzuzi giheruka, batatu kuri barindwi batanga selile twasuzumye ntibashobora gutanga ibyangombwa bya UN38.3 byujuje ibyangombwa: bibiri batanze imenyekanisha - (ntibyemewe n’urwego urwo ari rwo rwose rwemeza), kandi umwe yatanze incamake y’ibizamini yavuye muri laboratoire impamyabumenyi ya ILAC yari yararangiye mu 2022. Bose uko ari batatu batanze ibiciro biri munsi y’ibicuruzwa byacu byujuje ibyangombwa, ibyo bikaba aribyo rwose.amatsinda yo gutanga amasoko agomba kumenya nkibendera ritukura. Uwitekainganda zitanga inganda zisabwakuri UN38.3 inyandiko zinyangamugayo zirakurikizwa hatitawe kubisabwa birangiye, ariko ubucukuzi bwongeweho ikindi gice cyo guturika - icyemezo cyerekana ibimenyetso byongera ingaruka ziterwa no kutubahiriza - kubahiriza.
Kunanirwa # 3: Kurenza urugero IECEx kumenyekana.Abahinguzi bashora imari mubyemezo bya IECEx biteze ko byemerwa mu bihugu byose bigize uyu muryango batungurwa nisoko - ibisabwa byihariye. Abashinzwe umutekano mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro muri Ositaraliya barashobora gusaba izindi nyandiko zipima ibidukikije zirenze ibyo IECEx CoC ikubiyemo. INMETRO yo muri Berezile isaba ibisobanuro byemewe byigiportigale byanditse byose bya tekiniki, ntabwo aribisanzwe IECEx itangwa. Amabwiriza y’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’Afurika yepfo yerekeza kuri IECEx ariko agashyiraho ibisabwa byongewe ku itegeko ry’ubuzima n’umutekano. Kubintu bitatu - byinjira ku isoko bikubiyemo Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Ositaraliya, na Berezile, kunanirwa kubaka ibyo byongeweho muri gahunda yambere y’ibizamini byatwaye abayikora $ 45,000 - $ 120.000 mu gutinda hamwe n’amafaranga y’ibizamini byiyongera, utabariyemo amafaranga yatakaye mu gihe cy’amezi 3-6 ku isoko.
Igishushanyo - Urutonde rwubahiriza urutonde
Kunanirwa kw'icyemezo hejuru bisangiye intandaro: guturika - ibyangombwa bisabwa byafashwe nkicyemezo - ikibazo cyicyiciro aho kuba igishushanyo - ibyinjira. Buri biceri biturika bicukura - ibyangombwa bisabwa bigomba gushyirwa mubikorwa bya injeniyeri mbere yuko prototype yambere yubakwa.
Gufunga ibikoresho n'ubugari bw'urukuta
Ibirindiro bya Flameproof (Ex d) munsi ya IEC 60079 - 1 bigomba guhangana n’umuvuduko w’iturika ry’imbere nta guhindura ibintu byabangamira ubusugire bw’umuriro. Kububiko bwa batiri ya lithium, uruzitiro rugomba kandi gukemura umuvuduko winyongera uturuka kumyuka ya selile mugihe cyibihe byubushyuhe. Kubara uburebure bwurukuta bigomba kubarwa kumuvuduko ukomoka kumatsinda ya gaze ikoreshwa hamwe numuvuduko winyongera uturuka kubintu bibi cyane. Mubimenyerezo ibi bisobanura gushushanya kuri 20-35% hejuru yuburinganire busanzwe bwurukuta rwitsinda rikoreshwa. Gukoresha inganda zisanzwe zinganda zapimwe gusa nigitutu cyerekanwe nigishushanyo mbonera gisanzwe kiganisha ku gutsindwa kwizamini.
Ikosa rya BMS - igihe cyo gusubiza
Kumuzunguruko wa BMS ufite umutekano (Ex i), IEC 60079 - 11 Ingingo ya 5.2 yerekana imipaka yabitswe hamwe namakosa ajyanye nayo - igihe cyo gusubiza. BMS igomba gutahura ibintu birenze urugero, birenze urugero, hamwe nubushyuhe budasanzwe kandi igatangira gutandukana mugihe cyagenwe nisesengura ry’ingufu, ntabwo ari igisubizo cyamasegonda ibisubizo bimwe mubucuruzi bwa BMS byubucuruzi byanze bikunze. Kugaragazaamakosa - igihe cyo gusubiza mubyangombwa bisabwa na BMS, igerageze mugihe cyo kwemeza injeniyeri hamwe na oscilloscope igenzura, hanyuma wandike ibisubizo kuri dosiye yemewe.
Guhuza IP guhuza no guturika - igipimo cyerekana
Ubucukuzi bwa batiri busanzwe busaba IP65 cyangwa irenga kugirango ikemure ivumbi ryubutaka hamwe n’ibidukikije bitera amazi (IEC 60529). Ibirindiro bya Flameproof bikenera inzira yo kugabanya igitutu kugirango byinjire neza ibintu byimbere imbere. Ibi bisabwa byombi (funga uruzitiro rwinjira, kandi utange inzira igenzurwa no gukabya) birakabije. Uburyo bwo kugabanya umuvuduko bugomba guhita byihuta kugirango birinde gutsindwa mugihe ukomeje igipimo cya IP mubihe bisanzwe. Gukemura aya makimbirane murwego rwo gushushanya bisaba ubwubatsi buhuriweho hagati yitsinda ryumukanishi, itsinda rishinzwe gucunga amashyuza, hamwe numujyanama wimpamyabumenyi. Igikoresho cyo gufunga kirangiye, guhindura igishishwa mubisanzwe bigura $ 40.000- $ 80,000 mbere yo kwishyurwa. Ibyo bituma igishushanyo mbonera gikonjesha idirishya ryanyuma rifatika kugirango rihuze IP na Ex ibisabwa nta ngaruka zikomeye zingengo yimari.
Umugozi winjira no guhitamo umuhuza
Buri mugozi winjira unyuze mumuriro ni inzira ishobora gucanwa. IEC 60079-1 yerekana kwihanganira ibipimo bya glande na interineti ihuza. Gukoresha insinga zisanzwe zinganda zidafite Ex d ibyemezo ni ikizamini cyikora. Kugaragaza insinga zemewe zemewe kuva mugitangira hanyuma urebe ko ibipimo bya gland bihuye nibipimo bya shobuja. Kudahuza insanganyamatsiko nibisanzwe bitangaje kwibumbira hamwe kugaragara gusa mugihe cyo kugenzura ibyemezo bifatika.
Niba itsinda ryanyu ryubuhanga ririmo gusuzuma niba igishushanyo mbonera cya batiri cyujuje ibyangombwa bya ATEX zone 1 cyangwa guturika kwagutse - ibisabwa byerekana amasoko yihariye yubucukuzi bwamabuye y'agaciro, itsinda ryacu ryayoboye imishinga 40+ mumihanda ya IECEx, ATEX, MA, na MSHA. Amatsinda yamasoko asuzuma Ex - bapakiye ipaki ya batiri kubikoresho byubucukuzi, reba ibyacugucukura lokomoteri no gucukura amakamyo ya batiri ibisubizokubisobanuro no gutanga ibyemezo.
Ibibazo
Ikibazo: Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yicyemezo cya ATEX na IECEx kuri bateri yubucukuzi?
Igisubizo: ATEX ni itegeko ku isoko ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi hakurikijwe Amabwiriza 2014/34 / EU kandi bisaba isuzumwa ry’umubiri wabimenyeshejwe. IECEx itanga amahanga yagutse mu bihugu 30+ ariko ntibyemewe muri Amerika (MSHA bisabwa) cyangwa Ubushinwa (MA bisabwa). Byombi byerekana ibipimo bimwe bya IEC 60079, bityo amakuru yikizamini arashobora kwimurwa hagati yinzira.
Ikibazo: Ikimenyetso cya Ex kuri bateri yubucukuzi gisobanura iki?
Igisubizo: Ikimenyetso cyerekana uburyo bwo kurinda, itsinda rya gaze, icyiciro cyubushyuhe, nurwego rwo kurinda ibikoresho. Kubisaba gucukura mu itsinda rya mbere, imiterere yikimenyetso itandukanye nibikoresho byinganda zo mu itsinda rya II, byemeza metani hamwe n’umukungugu w’amakara aho kuba gaze muri rusange.
Ikibazo: Kuki bidashobora guturika - bateri zerekana ko zishobora gukoreshwa mu birombe byo munsi y'ubutaka?
Igisubizo: Ibirombe byo munsi y'ubutaka byashyizwe mu itsinda rya I, bisaba icyarimwe kurinda gaze metani n'umukungugu w'amakara. Ibisasu biturika mu nganda - bateri zemeza ko zemejwe mu itsinda rya kabiri aderesi imwe - ibidukikije gusa kandi ikabura uburyo bwo kurinda ibyago - amategeko y’umutekano w’amabuye y'agaciro ategeka.
Ikibazo: Ni bangahe guturika - ibyemezo byerekana ibyemezo bya bateri yo gucukura?
Igisubizo: Ibiciro biri hagati ya $ 30,000 - 100.000 $ kumasoko imwe - isoko rya ATEX kugeza $ 150,000 - $ 500,000 kubikorwa byinshi - gahunda zibangikanye nisoko. Ibiciro byibanze bihinduka ni ukumenya niba ibikoresho byo gutwarwa nubushyuhe byakozwe muri bateri kuva yatangira cyangwa byahinduwe mugihe cyibizamini.
Ikibazo: Ni izihe ngaruka zikomeye zo gutsindwa ibyemezo ku bakora amabuye y'agaciro?
Igisubizo: Gutegura ipaki ya batiri idashyizwemo ibisasu - ibyangombwa bisabwa kuva icyiciro cya mbere cyubwubatsi. Kuvugurura ibintu byafashwe nubushyuhe, kugabanya umuvuduko, hamwe namakosa ya BMS - ibisobanuro byatanzwe mugihe cyo gutanga ibyemezo mubisanzwe bitanga 4 × amafaranga arenga ingengo yimari no gutinda kumezi 12-18.
Menyesha itsinda ryacu ryubwubatsi kugirango tuganire kubyaweubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro asabwa.
