Umuvuduko w'amazi ni iki?

Float voltage ni urwego rwa voltage ikoreshwa kuri bateri yuzuye kugirango ikomeze kwishyurwa no kwikuramo -. Iyi voltage yo kubungabunga irinda kwishyurwa no kwishyuza birenze, kugumisha bateri kugirango ikoreshwe ako kanya muri sisitemu yingufu zamashanyarazi, ibikoresho byihutirwa, hamwe n’amashanyarazi ashobora kuvugururwa.

Batteri ntizigumya kwishyurwa igihe kitazwi. Ndetse iyo uhagaritswe numutwaro uwo ariwo wose, batteri zose zibaho ubwazo - gusohora - gutakaza buhoro buhoro kubera imiti yimbere. Kurongora - bateri ya aside itakaza hafi 3-5% yubushobozi bwayo buri kwezi mubushyuhe bwicyumba, mugihe chimisties zimwe za lithium zitakaza 1-3%.

Kwishyuza Float bikemura ibi ukoresheje voltage ihamye, voltage ntoya yuzuza neza ibyo bateri yatakaje binyuze mumashanyarazi -. Amashanyarazi na batiri bikora muburyo bubangikanye, hamwe na charger itanga amashanyarazi ahagije kugirango bateri igumane imbaraga zose nta guhatira amashanyarazi arenze urugero yangiza selile.

Igitekerezo kiba ingenzi mubikorwa byateganijwe. Amashanyarazi adahagarikwa kubigo byamakuru akenera bateri kubushobozi 100% mugihe gride yananiwe. Sisitemu yo kumurika byihutirwa igomba gukora ako kanya mugihe umuriro wabuze. Ibi bintu bisaba bateri zicara amezi zidafite akazi nyamara zigakomeza kwishyurwa byuzuye - mubyukuri nibyo voltage ireremba.

Float Voltage

Ubwoko bwa bateri butandukanye busaba imbaraga zinyuranye zireremba hejuru, kandi gukoresha voltage itari yo birashobora kugabanya cyane ubuzima bwa bateri cyangwa bigatera umutekano muke.

Kurongora - bateri ya acide, harimo umwuzure, AGM, hamwe na gel, bifite - byashizweho na voltage yumuriro. Kuri dogere 25 (dogere 77 F), ibipimo ni hafi 2,25 kugeza kuri 2.30 kuri selile. Kuri bateri isanzwe ya 12V ifite selile esheshatu, ibi bivuze 13.5-13.8V.

Amashanyarazi yuzuye ya batiri - acide ya acide mubisanzwe ireremba kuri 13.4V (2.23V kuri selile), munsi gato gato yimiterere ifunze kugirango igabanye amazi yaturutse kuri gaze ya electrolyte. Batteri ya AGM ikora neza kuri 13.5-13.6V, mugihe bateri ya gel ikunda 13.1-13.3V kubera kumva ko ifite ingufu zirenze urugero.

Indangagaciro ntabwo zishaka. Kuri voltage ireremba, bateri yemera amashanyarazi make - mubisanzwe munsi ya 1% yubushobozi bwayo amp -. Batare ya 100Ah irashobora gushushanya 0.5 - 1 amp gusa mugihe cyo kwishyuza ibireremba, gusa birahagije kugirango wirinde kwirekura utiriwe ushimangira chimie ya bateri.

Ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka zikomeye kuri voltage nziza. Amashanyarazi ya reaction ya sisitemu ya batiri - acide yihuta hamwe nubushyuhe kandi buhoro hamwe nimbeho. Inganda zisanzwe zishyurwa ni -3.9mV kuri dogere kuri selile. Kuri bateri ya 12V, ibyo ni -23mV kuri dogere yose.

Reka dufate urugero rufatika: Batiri ya 12V yuzuye yuzuye hamwe na 13.4V ya voltage ireremba kuri dogere 25. Niba ubushyuhe bwibidukikije buzamutse bugera kuri dogere 35 (kwiyongera kwa dogere 10), voltage ireremba iba 13.17V. Hatabayeho guhindurwa, imbaraga nyinshi hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hejuru byatera gaze cyane no gutakaza amazi. Ibinyuranye, kuri dogere 15, voltage ireremba igomba kwiyongera kugera kuri 13.63V kugirango wirinde kwishyurwa munsi yubukonje.

Batteri ya Litiyumu irerekana ishusho igoye. Mugihe bateri ya - acide yashizweho hitawe kumashanyarazi areremba, chemithries ya lithium - cyane cyane lithium - ion - bisaba kwitonda neza mbere yo gukoresha voltage ihoraho.

Batteri ya LiFePO4 (Lithium Iron Phosphate) irashobora kwihanganira kwishyurwa kureremba mugihe igizwe neza. Icyifuzo cyo kureremba kireremba kiri hagati ya 3.35 na 3.45V kuri selile (13.4-13.8V kuri paki ya 12V). Nubwo, selile LiFePO4 ifite uburambe bwihuse gusaza iyo ifashwe kuri voltage ntarengwa mugihe kinini.

Lithium isanzwe - selile ion (NMC, chemistries NCA) ihura ningaruka nyinshi. Utugingo ngengabuzima twishyuza kuri 4.2V kuri selile, ariko kuyifata kuri voltage bikomeza bitera guhangayikishwa nibikoresho bya electrode. Cathode ihinduka muburyo bwimiterere, isahani ya lithium irashobora kugaragara kuri anode, kandi reaction kuruhande zihutisha kubora electrolyte.

Dore aholithium ion yamashanyaraziigishushanyo kiba ingirakamaro. Amashanyarazi meza ya lithium ion ntabwo akoresha muburyo bwuzuye bwo kureremba. Ahubwo, bakoresha "ububiko bwa voltage" ingamba - kwishyuza wenda 3.9-4.0V kuri selile hanyuma bagahagarika, gusa bagahuza gusa iyo voltage igabanutse munsi yumuryango. Ibi birinda guhorana imbaraga za voltage yumuriro gakondo.

Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS) muri bateri ya lithium ikurikirana ingufu za selile ubudahwema. Iyo kugerageza kureremba kugerageza, BMS igomba kwemeza neza ingirabuzimafatizo zuzuye hamwe no kugenzura neza neza. Ndetse na 50-100mV hejuru ya voltage isabwa irashobora gutera kwangirika byihuse.

Inshingano ifatika: benshi mubakora amashanyarazi ya lithium ion batanga inama byumwihariko kwirinda kwishyurwa kureremba kureremba kuri litiro - ion. Ahubwo, barasaba buri gihe "hejuru - hejuru" kwishyuza cyangwa kubika kuri 80 - 90% leta yishyurwa kubisabwa igihe kirekire.

Float Voltage

Umuvuduko w'amazi ntushobora kubaho mu bwigunge - ni icyiciro cya nyuma cyibikorwa byo kwishyuza icyiciro cya gatatu - icyiciro cya bateri ya kijyambere ikoresha amashanyarazi - acide na chimisties zimwe na zimwe za lithium.

Icyiciro kinini gitanga amashanyarazi menshi kugirango igarure vuba ubushobozi bwa bateri. Iyo bateri yasohotse cyane - vuga, munsi yubushobozi bwa 80% - irashobora kwakira ibiciro biri hejuru. Amashanyarazi afite ubunini bukwiye azatanga 15-25% yubushobozi bwa bateri muri amps. Batare ya 100Ah irashobora kwakira amps 15-25 mugihe cyo kwishyuza byinshi.

Umuvuduko uzamuka mugihe cyo kwishyuza byinshi uko bateri yumuriro yiyongera. Kuri batiri ya 12V lead - acide, voltage irashobora kuzamuka kuva 11.5V mugihe isohotse cyane ikagera kuri 14.4V mugihe cyicyiciro kinini. Amashanyarazi agumya guhora mugihe voltage ikurikira iyakirwa rya bateri.

Hafi ya 80% yubushobozi bwa bateri iragarurwa mugihe cyo kwishyuza byinshi. Iki cyiciro kirihuta cyane - bateri yasohotse cyane 100Ah irashobora kuzuza amashanyarazi menshi mumasaha 3-5 hamwe na charger ya 20 amp.

Mugihe bateri yegera 80 - 90% yubushobozi, ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwakira ibyubu buragabanuka. Amashanyarazi ahinduka muburyo bwo kwinjirira, ifata voltage ihoraho (mubisanzwe 14.4-14.8V kuri 12V ya aside-aside) mugihe ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi bisanzwe.

Mugihe cyo kwinjiza, amashanyarazi ashobora kugabanuka kuva kuri 15 amps kugeza kuri amps 5, hanyuma ukagera kuri amps 2 mugihe bateri yegereje ubushobozi bwuzuye. Imyitwarire yimiti mumasahani ya batiri itinda - ibibanza bifatika bikora, kandi kurwanya imbere byiyongera gato.

Iki cyiciro gifata igihe kinini kuruta kugarura 10 - 20% yubushobozi. Batare imwe imwe 100Ah irashobora kumara amasaha 3 - 4 muburyo bwo kwinjiza. Amashanyarazi asanzwe akurikirana ibyagezweho, ategereje ko igabanuka munsi yumutambiko-wenda C / 50 (amps 2 kuri bateri ya 100Ah) -imbere yo kwimuka.

Iyo kwinjiza bimaze kurangira, charger igabanya voltage kurwego rwo kureremba. Kurugero rwacu rwa 12V - urugero rwa aside, voltage igabanuka kuva 14.4V ikagera kuri 13.5V. Ibiriho bihita bigwa kurwego ruto - akenshi munsi ya 1 amp.

Batare ubu mubyukuri "iruhuka" yuzuye. Umuvuduko muke ureremba urinda kwishyurwa hejuru - kwishyiramo byatera gaze muri bateri zuzuye cyangwa guhangayika muri bateri zifunze. Umuyoboro muto usimbuza gusa ibyo bateri yatakaje wenyine - gusohora.

Ibigezweho bitatu - ibyiciro byamashanyarazi birashobora kuguma muburyo bureremba. Batare ihujwe na charger ikwiye irashobora kwicara amezi cyangwa imyaka, burigihe yiteguye gutanga ubushobozi bwuzuye mugihe bikenewe. Ibi bituma kwishyuza kureremba neza kuri bateri zihagarara muri sisitemu ya UPS, kumurika byihutirwa, hamwe na sisitemu yo gutabaza.

Centre yamakuru yishingikiriza cyane kubuyobozi bukwiye bwo kureremba. Ubusanzwe ushyiraho UPS irashobora kuba irimo bateri nyinshi za 12V zikurikirana kugirango zikore 480V cyangwa hejuru ya DC ya voltage. Izi bateri zireremba ubudahwema, rimwe na rimwe kumyaka hagati yibyabaye.

Amashanyarazi ya batiri ya UPS mubisanzwe abika bateri ku ruganda - rwerekanwe na voltage ireremba - akenshi 2.27V kuri selile ya VRLA (valve - igenga amashanyarazi - acide). Ibyuma byubushyuhe bihindura iyi voltage ubudahwema. 480V UPS hamwe na batiri 20 cumi na zibiri - volt zikurikirana zikenera amabwiriza ya voltage neza muri selile 240 zose.

Ikibazo kirakomera hamwe no gusaza kwa batiri. Mugihe bateri zishaje, ubwabo - igipimo cyo gusohora kirashobora kwiyongera, bisaba imbaraga zidasanzwe zireremba. Sisitemu igezweho ya UPS ikoresha kuri - ikurikiranwa ryumurongo wa voltage kugirango tumenye bateri zangiritse zikurura amashanyarazi arenze - ikimenyetso cyerekana iterambere ryikabutura cyangwa ryumye - hanze.

Hanze - amashanyarazi yizuba yerekana ibibazo bidasanzwe byo kwishyuza. Batteri imara iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru byuzuye mugihe cyizuba, hanyuma ikarekura mugihe cyikirere cyinshi.

Igenzura ryizuba ryizuba rikoresha algorithm igoye. Ku manywa, bateri zimaze kwishyurwa zuzuye, umugenzuzi agabanya voltage yumurongo kugeza kurwego. Ibi birinda kwishyuza mugihe wemerera panne kumashanyarazi murugo. Mwijoro, iyo panne idafite ingufu, kwishyuza kureremba biragaragara ko bihagarara, kandi bateri zitangira gusohoka.

Itandukaniro ryibanze rituruka kuri UPS ni ukuzenguruka. Batteri yizuba irashobora kureremba mumasaha 8-12 burimunsi, gusohora ijoro ryose, hanyuma ikarishye bukeye. Ubu buryo busaba indishyi zikomeye, kuko ubushyuhe bwa batiri burashobora guhinduka cyane hagati yumunsi nijoro.

Batteri yimodoka irerekana ibintu bitandukanye byo kwishyuza. Iyo moteri ikora, uwasimbuye yishyuza kuri voltage nini (14.2-14.4V). Ubundi buryo bugezweho, ariko, burimo kugenzura ubwenge bugabanya voltage iyo bateri yegereje kwishyurwa ryuzuye, cyane cyane itanga amashanyarazi mugihe utwaye.

Sisitemu ya batiri yo mu nyanja ikunze gutandukanya bateri zo munzu (kumatara na electronike) na bateri zitangira. Batteri yo munzu irashobora kuguma hejuru yumuriro uturutse kumashanyarazi cyangwa izuba mugihe ubwato bwicaye. Amashanyarazi meza yo mu nyanja atanga ibicuruzwa byinshi {{2} char kwishyuza banki, hamwe na voltage yigenga ya float voltage yigenga kuri banki zitandukanye.

Kubona float voltage iburyo bisaba kwitondera ibintu byinshi birenze ibyingenzi bya voltage.

Hatariho indishyi z'ubushyuhe, bateri zirababara. Batare mucyumba cya dogere 40 yicyumba yakira 13.8V ihura nikibazo kimwe na bateri kuri dogere 25 yakira 14.2V - byombi hejuru yumubyigano wamazi ureremba kubushyuhe nyabwo.

Amashanyarazi meza ya bateri arimo ibyuma byubushyuhe. Rukuruzi irashobora kuba imbere (niba charger isangiye uruzitiro na bateri) cyangwa kure (probe yashyizwe kuri bateri cyangwa hafi yayo). Microcontroller ya charger ihindura ibisohoka voltage ihita ishingiye kubisoma ubushyuhe.

Kubara indishyi biroroshye: Kuri bateri ya 12V lead - ya acide hamwe na selile 6 hamwe na baseline ireremba ya 13.5V kuri dogere 25, koresha -3.9mV / dogere × selile 6=-23.4 mV / dogere. Niba ubushyuhe bwa bateri ari dogere 30, hindura voltage kuri (30-25) × -0.0234V=-0.117 V, utange 13.38V.

Float current irerekana ubuzima bwa bateri. Batare nzima muburyo bwo kureremba igomba gushushanya munsi ya 1% ya Ah igipimo cyayo muri amps. Ikigaragara cyane kiri hejuru yerekana ibibazo: ikabutura y'imbere, yumye - hanze ya selile muri bateri zuzuye, cyangwa sulfation ziva mumashanyarazi yabanje.

Sisitemu igezweho yo gukurikirana bateri ikurikirana ibyerekezo bigezweho mugihe. Kwiyongera buhoro buhoro akenshi bibanziriza gutsindwa na bateri kumezi, bitanga umuburo wo gusimbuza gahunda mugihe cyo kubungabunga Windows aho guhura nibitunguranye.

Imitego myinshi yibasiye sisitemu yo kwishyuza. Gukoresha charger yagenewe chimie imwe ya bateri hamwe nibindi birashoboka cyane. Bateri ya gel kuri charteri yuzuye yuzuye yakira 13.8V aho kuba 13.2V isabwa izashyuha kandi ikananirwa imburagihe.

Irindi kosa rikunze kugaragara ni ukwirengagiza indishyi zubushyuhe mubidukikije hamwe nubushyuhe bugaragara. Banki ya batiri muri kabine y'itumanaho yo hanze irashobora kugira ubushyuhe kuva kuri dogere -10 kugeza kuri dogere 50 buri mwaka. Nta ndishyi, bateri zirenze urugero mugihe cyizuba kandi zikarenza igihe cyitumba, bikagabanya cyane ubuzima.

Kubura inzibacyuho kuva kwinjiza no kureremba nabyo bitera ibibazo. Amashanyarazi make yo hasi - ntabwo yigeze agabanya rwose voltage kurwego rukwiye rwo kureremba, aho gufata bateri kuri voltage yo gukuramo igihe kitazwi. Ibi bikora amasaha cyangwa iminsi ariko bitera kwangirika kwibyumweru n'amezi byo gukomeza guhuza.

Float Voltage

Ubushakashatsi burigihe bwerekana ko kwishyuza neza kureremba bishobora kongera igihe cya bateri. Kurongora - bateri ya acide ikomeza kuri voltage ireremba neza hamwe nindishyi zubushyuhe zirashobora kugera kumyaka 8-10 yumurimo mubisabwa, ugereranije nimyaka 4-5 mugihe voltage ireremba nabi.

Uburyo bworoshe: kwishyuza birenze urugero bitera kwangirika kwa batiri ya acide - kandi byihutisha kumena ibintu. Kurenza urugero bituma sulfation - sisitemu ya sulfate ya sisitemu ikura nini kandi ikomeye, igabanya ubushobozi burundu. Float voltage ikubita ahantu heza aho nta kintu na kimwe cyiganje.

Kuri bateri ya lithium, inyungu yo kuramba ituruka ku kwirinda voltage ihoraho. Kubika lithium - ion selile kuri 4.2V na 3.9V birashobora kugabanya ubuzima bwikurikiranya 30-40%. Amashanyarazi meza ya lithium ion yinjizamo ubu bumenyi, haba kwirinda kwishyurwa kureremba rwose cyangwa gushyira mubikorwa imipaka ya voltage iri munsi yumubyigano mwinshi.

Abakora bateri ibisobanuro bagomba guhora bafata umwanya wambere. Mugihe umurongo ngenderwaho rusange utanga ingingo zitangiriraho, bateri zihariye zifite ibisabwa byihariye bishingiye kubwubatsi bwimbere, ibikoresho bya electrode, hamwe nibisabwa.

Kwishyuza Float ntabwo aribwo buryo bwonyine bwo kubungabunga bateri, nubwo aribisanzwe mubisabwa bihagaze.

Amashanyarazi ya trickle akoresha amashanyarazi make aho kuba voltage ihoraho. Ubu buryo bwa kera ntibufite ubwenge bwo kwishyiriraho ibireremba kandi burashobora kwishyuza bateri iyo imiyoboro ya trickle irenze yonyine - isohoka. Ibigezweho bitatu - ibyiciro bya charger byasimbuye ahanini amashanyarazi yoroheje ya trickle kubwimpamvu nziza.

Amashanyarazi yishyurwa akoresha impiswi zigihe gito aho gukoresha voltage ikomeza. Bamwe mu bakora inganda bavuga ko kwishyurwa kwa pulse bigabanya sulfation muri bateri ya acide -, nubwo ibimenyetso bivanze. Kwishyuza pulse ntibisanzwe mubikorwa rusange.

Kuri bateri ya lithium, kwishyuza "uburyo bwo kubika" byashimishije. Amashanyarazi rimwe na rimwe agenzura voltage kandi agatanga hejuru - hejuru yishyurwa niba voltage yagabanutse munsi yumuryango, hanyuma igahagarika. Ibi birinda guhuza guhoraho kwishyuza gakondo kureremba mugihe bateri yiteguye gukoreshwa.

Float voltage yerekana ikintu cyibanze cyo kubungabunga bateri igezweho, cyane cyane kubishobora gukoreshwa. Kurongora - bateri ya acide hamwe niriba ryabo - imyitwarire iranga no kwikunda kwinshi - igipimo cyo gusohora cyakozwe muburyo bwo kwishyuza hejuru. Umuvuduko uri muke kugirango wirinde kwangirika nyamara hejuru bihagije kugirango ukomeze kwishyurwa igihe cyose.

Batteri ya Litiyumu isaba uburyo bworoshye. Kwiyongera kwinshi kwa batiri ya lithium ion muri bateri yingufu zikoreshwa bisaba gusobanukirwa ko kwishyuza gakondo kureremba bidashobora gukoreshwa. Batteri nyinshi za lithium zikora neza hamwe nigihe cyo hejuru - hejuru yishyuza kuruta gukoresha voltage ikomeza.

Uruhare rwubushyuhe ntirushobora kuvugwa. Amashanyarazi ya bateri yitabira cyane imiterere yubushyuhe, bigatuma indishyi zubushyuhe zikenerwa kuri sisitemu iyo ari yo yose yo kwishyuza ireremba ibidukikije bitandukanye.

Kwishyuza neza kureremba neza, bifatanije nubushakashatsi bufite ireme no kugenzura neza, bihindura bateri ziva mubikoresha bisaba gusimburwa kenshi mubintu byizewe -. Ishoramari rito mubikoresho byiza byo kwishyuza byishyura inyungu binyuze mubuzima bwa bateri bwagutse hamwe nimbaraga zokwizerwa zizewe mugihe bifite akamaro kanini.