Ingirabuzimafatizo ni iki?

Ingirabuzimafatizo ni lithium - bateri ion zifunze muri aluminiyumu yoroheje - firime yanduye aho kuba ibyuma bikomeye. Ubu buryo bworoshye - igishushanyo mbonera butuma boroha 20-40% kuruta selile ya silindrike cyangwa prismatic mugihe igera kuri 90-95% yo gupakira neza, hejuru cyane muburyo bwa bateri.

Imiterere ya selile yububiko igizwe na electrode itondekanye ifunze muri firime nyinshi -. Ikariso isanzwe ikubiyemo ibice bitatu bitandukanye: urwego rwa nylon rwo hanze rutanga imbaraga zubukanishi, urwego rwo hagati rwa aluminium foil rwuzuza ubushuhe na ogisijeni, hamwe na polypropilene y'imbere ituma ubushyuhe bushyirwaho. Igishushanyo mbonera gifite uburemere buke ugereranije nicyuma gakondo cyangwa aluminiyumu mugihe gikomeza kurinda bihagije ibice byimbere.

Ibice byimbere bikurikiza lithium isanzwe - ion yububiko. Cathode isanzwe ikoresha lisiyumu yicyuma nka LiCoO2, NMC, cyangwa LiFePO4, mugihe anode ikoresha grafite cyangwa silikoni - ibinyabuzima bya karubone. Gutandukanya ibintu bikozwe muri polyethylene cyangwa polypropilene bituma electrode itandukana mugihe yemerera ioni ya lithium kunyura mumazi cyangwa gel electrolyte mugihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora.

Igikorwa cyo gukora kirimo gutondekanya cyangwa guhinduranya impapuro za electrode hamwe nizitandukanya, hanyuma kuzizirika muri aluminium - umufuka wa laminate. Utubuto dusudira kubakusanyirizo bugezweho kuva kumpande zifunze, zitanga amashanyarazi. Bitandukanye na selile ya silindrike ifite umuyaga wumutekano, ingirabuzimafatizo zishingira kashe ya kashe kugirango ikemure umuvuduko wimbere.

Pouch Cells

Ingirabuzimafatizo zitanga ingufu zingana hagati ya 150 - 250 Wh / kg kurwego rwakagari, ugereranije na selile silindrike kandi irenze ibishushanyo mbonera. Iterambere ryagezweho ryatumye laboratoire ya laboratoire irenga 600 Wh / kg muburyo bwihariye bwa lithium-metal, nubwo ibicuruzwa byubucuruzi bikomeza kuba hagati ya 200-300 Wh / kg.

Igikoresho cyoroshye kigira uruhare runini mubikorwa byingufu. Mugukuraho ibyuma biremereye, byinshi muburemere byose bigizwe nibikoresho bikora bibika ingufu. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ingirabuzimafatizo zigera kuri 90-95% zipakira neza ugereranije na 70-85% kuri selile ya silindrike, bivuze ko igice kinini cyumwanya kirimo ibikoresho bya electrode aho kuba ibice byubaka.

Imikorere yubuzima bwinzira iratandukanye bitewe na chimie nuburyo bukora. Ingirabuzimafatizo zisanzwe zikoresha NMC cathodes mubisanzwe zitanga inzinguzingo 800-1,200 kuri 80% byubujyakuzimu. LiFePO4 yamashashi yimashini yongerera iyi inshuro zirenga 2000. Nyamara, selile yamashanyarazi muri rusange yerekana ubuzima bwigihe gito ugereranije nuburinganire bwa silindrike ihwanye bitewe no gukenera cyane guhangayikishwa no kubyimba.

Imicungire yubushyuhe irerekana ibyiza nibibazo byingirangingo. Ubuso bunini - agace - kugeza kuri - ingano yubunini ituma ubushyuhe bukwirakwizwa neza mugihe selile zimaze gukonja hejuru yubutaka. Kwipimisha byerekanye uburyo bwo gukonjesha bugenzura neza ubushyuhe mugihe gikora gisanzwe hamwe nuburyo bwihuse bwo kwishyuza.

Imyitwarire yubushyuhe itandukanye nuburyo bwimikorere ya selile. Ubushakashatsi ukoresheje umuvuduko wa calorimetry yasanze ingirabuzimafatizo zinjira mumashanyarazi mubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere 135-170, ukurikije aho gushonga gutandukanya hamwe nuburyo bwo kwishyuza. Iyo gutsindwa bibaye, igikoresho cyoroshye gisanzwe kibyimba kandi kigaturika aho guturika bikabije nka selile ya silindrike ikumiriwe.

Umutekano ushimangirwa urwego rwazamuye ubushyuhe bwumuriro cyane. Mu bizamini byingaruka ugereranije selile 19, ibice 17 bifite umutekano - ibice byakomejwe byakomeje kuba byiza mugihe selile 12 yambaye ubusa yananiwe. Igipimo cyizamuka ryubushyuhe mugihe cyibihe byakoreshwaga cyari gahoro gahoro 25-40% hamwe n’umutekano wongerewe umutekano, bitanga igihe cyinyongera kuri sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe.

Kubyimba bikomeje kuba ingorabahizi. Kubyara gaze mugihe cyo kwishyurwa - inzinguzingo zitera kwaguka buhoro buhoro, hamwe no gukura 8-10% hejuru yizunguruka 500 bifatwa nkibisanzwe. Ibishushanyo mbonera bya batiri bigomba kwakira ubwo bwiyongere binyuze muri sisitemu yo guhunika cyangwa guhinduranya umwanya. Kubyimba cyane birashobora gusenya amazu cyangwa kwangiza ibice byegeranye niba bidacunzwe neza.

Iyo ugereranije na selile silindrike, selile yamashanyarazi itanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye. Imiterere ya cylindrical itanga imashini ihanitse ikoresheje ibyuma bikomeye kandi byunguka mubikorwa bikuze, byikora cyane. Kuba Tesla ikomeje gukoresha selile ya silindrike mu binyabiziga byerekana ubunini bwayo kandi bwizewe. Nyamara, selile ya silindrike isiga icyuho iyo ipakiye hamwe bitewe nuburyo buzengurutse, igabanya paki rusange - urwego rwinshi.

Ingirabuzimafatizo zifata umwanya wo hagati hagati ya silindrike na paki. Urukiramende rwa aluminiyumu cyangwa ibyuma bitanga uburinzi burenze firime yimifuka mugihe ugera kumikoreshereze myiza yumwanya kuruta selile. Ibiciro byo gukora kuri selile prismatic mubisanzwe bigwa hagati yuburyo bubiri, nubwo ubuziranenge bukomeza kuba buke mubabikora.

Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga zerekana gutandukana. General Motors yiyemeje gusakara selile kuri platform ya Ultium, bitewe n'umuvuduko wumusaruro nibyiza byo kongera gukoreshwa. Ku rundi ruhande, Tesla yirinda mu buryo bweruye ingirabuzimafatizo kubera impungenge zo guhunga ubushyuhe bukurikira - umwirondoro wibutse. Hyundai, Ford, na Nissan Leaf bohereje neza imifuka ya batiri ya selile -, mugihe BMW nizindi zigenda zerekeza kumiterere ya silindrike.

Ibiciro bitekerezaho bifasha ingirabuzimafatizo mu bihe bimwe na bimwe. Imiterere yoroshye yububiko isaba ibikoresho bike kandi irashobora guhuza nubunini bwabigenewe nta gusubiramo. Ariko, gukenera inkunga yo hanze yububiko hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga neza bateri irashobora guhagarika kuzigama kwambere. A.ipaki ya batirigukoresha pouch selile bisaba gushushanya neza module kugirango ibuze kandi ikonje neza.

Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zerekana ahantu hanini ho gukoreshwa, cyane cyane mubyitegererezo bishyira imbere n'umwanya w'imbere. Ingirabuzimafatizo zifasha abayikora kongera ubushobozi bwa bateri hasi - yashyizwe hamwe. Imiterere ihindagurika yemerera abashushanya kuzuza umwanya udasanzwe no gukora ultra - iboneza rya batiri. Ababikora benshi bageze kuri kilometero zirenga 300 bakoresheje paki -.

Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi byatumaga hakiri kare umufuka. Amaterefone, tableti, na mudasobwa zigendanwa byungukirwa nubushobozi bwo gukora ibicuruzwa - byashizweho na bateri ihuza ibikoresho. Umwirondoro muto ufasha ababikora kwitangira ingano yimbere muri bateri aho kuba ibintu byubaka. Nyamara, ibibazo byo kubyimba byateje garanti iyo selile yagutse irenze kwihanganira ibishushanyo mbonera.

Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu iragenda ikoresha pouch selile zo gutura hamwe na grid porogaramu. Gupakira neza bisobanurwa mububiko bwingufu nyinshi kuri rack unit mubucuruzi. Sisitemu ya batiri yo murugo irashobora kugera kuri 10 - 15 kWh yubushobozi bwurukuta ruciriritse -. Ingano nini - yoherejwe ihura ningorane hamwe na selire - kugeza - ingirabuzimafatizo hamwe no gucunga kubyimba igihe kirekire.

Ibikoresho byubuvuzi hamwe nibisabwa mu kirere byifashisha ingirabuzimafatizo aho kugabanya ibiro bitanga ibyiza byingenzi. Ibikoresho byubuvuzi byikurura, abagenzuzi b’abarwayi, hamwe n’ibikoresho byo gusuzuma bifashisha ingirabuzimafatizo zisanzwe - kugira ngo bagabanye ubunini n'uburemere. Umwanya wo gukoresha umwanya uha agaciro ingufu nyinshi, nubwo imirasire ikomera ishobora kugabanya imiti ya chimie.

Amashanyarazi ahagaritse guhaguruka no kugwa (eVTOL) urwego rwindege rwakiriye ingirabuzimafatizo kugirango imbaraga zabo - kugeza kuri -. Izi ndege zisaba ingufu nyinshi mugihe cyindege iguruka mugihe gikomeza uburemere buke kugirango bukore neza. Pouch selile itanga imbaraga zombi ziturika hamwe nuburemere bworoshye bukenewe muribi bisabwa.

Pouch Cells

Umusaruro w'ingirangingo zirimo intambwe nyinshi zingenzi aho ubusobanuro bugira ingaruka kumikorere. Igikoresho cya electrode kigomba kugera ku bunini bumwe ku mpapuro nini, kuko itandukaniro rishyiraho ahantu hashyushye mugihe gikora. Ubunini bwububiko busanzwe buri hagati ya micrometero 50-150 hamwe no kwihanganira munsi ya micrometero 5 kuri selile nziza.

Gutondekanya cyangwa guhinduranya bisaba guhuza neza hagati ya anode, cathode, hamwe no gutandukanya ibice. Kudahuza na milimetero 1-2 birashobora kugabanya ubushobozi no kongera imbaraga zimbere. Imashini zipakurura zikoresha zigera kuri milimetero 0,5 mugihe zigumana umusaruro uri hejuru ya selile 60 kumasaha.

Kuzuza electrolyte byerekana ibibazo byihariye bya selile. Imiterere ya electrode yubatswe isaba igihe gihagije kugirango electrolyte yinjire mubice byose. Kuvomera bituzuye bitera impedance nyinshi no gutsindwa imburagihe. Gukora protocole mubisanzwe byemerera amasaha 12-48 yo guhanagura bitewe nubunini bwa electrode hamwe nubwinshi.

Ubushyuhe bwo gufunga ubushyuhe bugena igihe kirekire - kwizerwa. Firime ya aluminium - igomba gushyirwaho kashe ya dogere 170-200 hamwe nigenzura ryuzuye kugirango wirinde kumeneka mugihe wirinze kwangirika kwimbere. Ibikoresho bigezweho bifunga ikurikirana ubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere 2 hejuru yubugari bwa kashe.

Imiterere no gusaza inzira ikora selile kandi igahindura imikorere. Mugihe cyo kwishyuza kwambere, interineti ikomeye ya electrolyte igaragara hejuru ya anode. Ubu buryo butanga gaze igomba guhindurwa mbere yo gufunga burundu. Ababikora mubisanzwe bakora inzinguzingo mugihe selile ziguma zifunguye igice, hanyuma zikuraho nyuma yo gutesha agaciro.

Ikomeye ya - tekinoroji ya batiri ya leta irashobora guhitamo imiterere ya selile. Ihinduka ryoroshye ryakira impinduka zijwi neza kuruta ibintu bikomeye nkuko electrolytite ikomeye igenda yiyongera cyangwa ikaguka mugihe cyamagare. Ubushakashatsi prototypes bumaze kugera kuri 500 Wh / kg hamwe na polymer electrolytite ikomeye muburyo bwimifuka, nubwo umusaruro wubucuruzi ukomeje imyaka.

Litiyumu - ibyuma bya anode byerekana ikindi cyerekezo cyiterambere. Izi anode zitanga ingufu zingana cyane kuruta grafite ariko zihura nibibazo hamwe na dendrite no kubyimba. Ingirabuzimafatizo zishobora kwakira kwaguka neza kuruta imiterere ikaze, bigatuma bakundwa na batiri ya lithium -. Utugingo ngengabuzima twa laboratoire twerekanye 600+ Wh / kg ukoresheje ibishushanyo mbonera bya electrolyte hamwe na lithium - ibyuma bya anode.

Silicon - karubone igizwe na anode yinjira mubucuruzi mu ngirabuzimafatizo. Silicon itanga inshuro eshatu ubushobozi bwa grafite nziza ariko ikaguka cyane mugihe cyo kwishyuza. Igikoresho cyoroshye cyoroshye cyihanganira uku kwaguka mugihe sisitemu yo guhunika imashini icunga ubugari bwimikorere. Ababikora benshi ubu batanga selile zifite 10-20% bya silicon murwego rwa anode.

Gukora automatike ikomeje kuzamura ibiciro nubuziranenge. Ibikurikira - imirongo yumusaruro igera kuri selile zirenga 100 kumunota hamwe no kugenzura ubuziranenge kuri buri ntambwe. Sisitemu yo kureba imashini itahura inenge, amakosa yo guhuza, hamwe nibibazo bya kashe mugihe nyacyo -. Iterambere rigabanya ibiciro byumusaruro ugereranije na selile.

Ibyuma - ibishushanyo mbonera byubusa bikuraho imiterere gakondo ya tab. Ukoresheje firime ya polymer ikora, ibishushanyo bigabanya ibiro byiyongereyeho 5-10% mugihe bigabanya amashanyarazi. Uburyo bworoshya inteko kandi birashobora kunoza imicungire yubushyuhe, nubwo ibibazo biramba bikomeje gukorwaho iperereza.

Intsinzi yimifuka ya selile isaba gushushanya neza. Ingirabuzimafatizo zikeneye inkunga yo hanze kugirango irinde kwangirika kwinyeganyeza cyangwa ingaruka. Amapaki ya bateri asanzwe akoresha aluminiyumu cyangwa ikadiri ikomatanya kugirango ibuze ingirabuzimafatizo mugihe yemerera kwaguka. Sisitemu yo kwikuramo ikoresha 50-200 kPa kugirango ikomeze itumanaho rya electrode kandi igabanye ingaruka zo kubyimba.

Sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe igomba guhura nuburinganire bunini neza. Ibishushanyo byinshi bifashisha isahani ikonje hagati ya selile hamwe nibikoresho byubushyuhe bitanga ubushyuhe bwiza. Kugera kubirwanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro munsi ya 50 K · cm² / W bisaba kwitondera uburinganire bwibikoresho hamwe nibikoresho bikwiye. Gukonjesha impande zinyuze zitanga inzira zinyongera zo gukuraho ubushyuhe.

Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri ya selile isaba ubushobozi bwokugenzura. Ingirabuzimafatizo ya selile hamwe nubushyuhe bwo gufata ubushyuhe bifata ibimenyetso byambere byo kwangirika cyangwa gutsindwa. Kubyimba binyuze mubyuma byumuvuduko cyangwa gupima ubunini butuma habaho guhanura. Sisitemu zigezweho ntangarugero za voltage kuri milisegonda mugihe kinini - imbaraga zamashanyarazi.

Gutwara no gufata protocole bitandukanye na selile zikomeye. Ingirabuzimafatizo zirashobora gutobora byoroshye, bigatera umutekano muke. Ababikora mubisanzwe bohereza selile mumurongo ukomeye hamwe na padi ikingira. Ibikorwa byo guterana bigomba kwirinda impande zisharira cyangwa ingingo zishobora gutobora ibintu byoroshye mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho cyangwa gukora.

Kurangiza - ya - ibitekerezo byubuzima bigenda byiyongera uko ingano yoherejwe yiyongera. Aluminiyumu - firime yamurikiwe bigora gutunganya ibintu ugereranije na - ibyuma byose. Gutandukanya ibintu byinshi - firime yibikoresho bya electrode bisaba izindi ntambwe zo gutunganya. Ariko, kutagira ibyuma biremereye bigabanya ibikoresho byinjira mubikorwa byo gutunganya.

Pouch Cells

Kubyimba biva mubyuka bya gaze mugihe gisanzwe cya electrochemic reaction hamwe nibisubizo byuruhande rwibikoresho bya electrode na electrolyte. Nka lithium ion igenda hagati ya electrode, reaction zimwe zidasubirwaho zitanga imyuka nka dioxyde de carbone na hydrocarbone. Ihinduka ryoroshye ryaguka kugirango ryakire gaze, hamwe no gukura bisanzwe 8-10% hejuru yizunguruka 500 nibisanzwe.

Imikorere igabanuka kubushyuhe buke bitewe no kwiyongera kwimbere imbere no gutinda kwa kinetics. Munsi ya dogere 0, ubushobozi bugabanukaho 20 - 40% bitewe na chimie nigipimo cyo gusohora. LiFePO4 ingirabuzimafatizo isanzwe ikora ubukonje kurusha NMC. Pre {{8} systems sisitemu yo gushyushya mumapaki ya batiri irashobora kugarura imikorere isanzwe ukoresheje ubushyuhe bwa selile kuri dogere 15-25 mbere yo gukora cyane.

Iyo byateguwe neza kandi bikozwe neza, pouch selile itanga imikorere yumutekano kubisabwa n'abaguzi. Ibintu byinshi biranga umutekano harimo gutandukanya ibyiciro byo guhagarika, igitutu - inzira zoroshye zo guhumeka, hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga bateri birinda ibihe bibi. Amajana ya miriyoni yibikoresho akoresha selile ya pouch buri munsi nta byabaye iyo byakozwe muburyo bukwiye bwo gukora.

Bitandukanye na selile ya silindrike ifite ibyuma bikomeye, selile yangiritse mubisanzwe ntishobora gusanwa neza. Ndetse uduce duto duto twangiza kashe kandi twemerera kwinjiza ubuhehere, kwangiza selile. Ingirabuzimafatizo zabyimbye zerekana ibibazo by'imbere kandi zigomba gusimburwa aho kugerageza gusana. Ihinduka ryoroshye rituma gusana ibyubaka bidakorwa mugihe hagamijwe kubungabunga umutekano.

Inkomoko:

Itumanaho rya Kamere (2024) - Iterambere ryibintu bikomeye - leta ya lithium pouch selile

Imipaka muri Batteri na Electrochemie (2024) - Ibishushanyo mbonera bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya selile ultrathin pouch selile

Batteri ya MDPI (2024) - Iperereza ku ngaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe bwumuriro mugihe gito

Ikinyamakuru cyimbaraga zituruka (2024) {{1}

Gukora Bateri nini (2025) - Ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa pake byerekana imiterere nibisabwa

Laserax Ibisubizo Byinganda (2025) - Uburyo bwo gukora ingirabuzimafatizo

Ubushakashatsi bwa Batiri (2024) {{1} systems Sisitemu yo gucunga amashyuza kumiterere yimifuka