Niki electrolyte muri bateri ya lithium?
amashanyarazi
Electrolyte muri lithium - ion ya batiri niyo itwara ion muri bateri. Mubusanzwe igizwe numunyu wa lithium, ibishishwa kama, ninyongeramusaruro, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 7 - 4. Electrolyte igira uruhare runini mugutwara ion hagati ya electrode nziza na mbi ya batiri ya lithium - ion, ikemeza ibyiza byayo nka voltage nini ningufu zidasanzwe. Electrolytes isanzwe itegurwa mubihe byihariye kandi mukigereranyo cyihariye kuva hejuru - isuku yumutungo kamere, umunyu wa lithium, nibindi byongerwaho. Mugihe ibikoresho bya electrode bigena ingufu za bateri, electrolyte igena muburyo bwubuzima bwikurikiranya, imikorere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi buke, numutekano. Ibanze shingiro rya electrolyte ntigihinduka ugereranije; guhanga udushya cyane cyane mugutezimbere imyunyu ngugu ya lithium ninyongeramusaruro, hamwe no gusobanukirwa byimbitse uburyo bwimiti yimiti nuburyo bukoreshwa muri bateri ya lithium-ion.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwumunyu wa lithium, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 7 - 5, ariko ni bike cyane bikoreshwa mubucuruzi buboneka muri litiro-ion. Umunyu mwiza wa lithium ugomba kuba ufite ibintu bikurikira:
1) Impamyabumenyi ihanitse, byoroshye gushonga mumashanyarazi, byemeza ko ionic itwara neza ya electrolyte.
2) Anion hamwe na antioxydeant no kurwanya kugabanya; kugabanya ibicuruzwa byorohereza ishingwa rihamye, rito - rirwanya firime SEI.
3) Imiti ihamye neza, idateye ingaruka mbi hamwe nibikoresho bya electrode, electrolytite, cyangwa bitandukanya.
4) Gahunda yoroshye yo gutegura, igiciro gito, non - uburozi numwanda - kubuntu.
LiPF6 numunyu wa lithium ukoreshwa cyane. Mugihe imitungo yacyo itagaragara cyane, irerekana imikorere myiza muri karubone ivanze na electrolytite. LiPF6 ifite ibyiza byingenzi bikurikira:
1) Gukemura neza hamwe nubushobozi buke bwa ionic mumashanyarazi adafite -.
2) Irashobora gukora firime ihamye ya passivation hejuru yububiko bwa aluminium foil.
3) Ihuza ikora firime ihamye ya SEI hejuru ya grafite ya electrode hejuru ya karubone.
Nyamara, LiPF6 ifite ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro kandi ikunda kubora. Byproducts irashobora kwangiza firime ya SEI hejuru ya electrode, gushonga ibintu byiza bya electrode ikora, kandi biganisha ku kwangirika kwubushobozi mugihe cyamagare.
LiBF nayo ikoreshwa cyane muri lithium umunyu. Ugereranije na LiPF6, LiBF ifite ubushyuhe bwagutse bwo gukora, hejuru cyane - ihindagurika ryubushyuhe, hamwe nubushyuhe buke -. LiBF ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru, idirishya ryagutse ryamashanyarazi, hamwe nubushyuhe bwiza. Inyungu zayo zikomeye ziri muri firime yayo - imiterere, kuko ishobora kugira uruhare rutaziguye mugushinga film ya SEI.
Mu buryo bwubaka, LiDFOB igizwe na kimwe cya kabiri - molekile ya LiBOB na LiBF, ikomatanya ibyiza bya firime nziza - bigize imitungo ya LiBOB hamwe nubushyuhe buke - bwa LiBF4. Ugereranije na LiBOB, LiDFOB ifite imbaraga zo gukemura cyane mumashanyarazi ya karubone yumurongo hamwe nubushobozi bwa electrolyte. Ubushyuhe bwayo - n'ubushyuhe buke - imikorere yubushyuhe iruta LiPF4, kandi ifite aho ihurira neza na cathode ya bateri, ikora firime ya passivation hejuru ya fayili ya aluminium kandi ikabuza okiside ya electrolyte.
Amatsinda ya CF₃SO₂ mu miterere ya LiTFSI afite imbaraga zikomeye zo gukuramo electron -, ibyo bikaba byongera delocalisation yumuriro mubi kandi bikagabanya guhuza amashyirahamwe ion, bikavamo umunyu mwinshi mwinshi. Byongeye kandi, LiTFSI ifite amashanyarazi menshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo kubora, kandi ntabwo byoroshye hydrolyzed; icyakora, bizonona cyane abaterankunga ba aluminiyumu kuri voltage iri hejuru ya 3.7V.
Atome ya fluor muri molekile ya LiFSI ifite electron ikomeye - ikuramo ibintu, bivanaho amafaranga mabi kuri N, bikaviramo kwishyiriraho ion intege no gutandukana byoroshye na Li +, bityo bigatuma habaho umuvuduko mwinshi.
LiPO2F2 yerekana ubushyuhe buke - imikorere yubushyuhe kandi inatezimbere imikorere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru - ya electrolyte. Nkinyongera, irashobora gukora firime ya SEI ikungahaye kuri LixPOyFz na LiF hejuru ya electrode mbi, ifasha kugabanya inzitizi ziterwa na bateri no kunoza imikorere ya cycle. Ariko, LiPO2F2 nayo irwaye imbaraga nke.
Igice nyamukuru cyaamashanyarazini umusemburo kama, ushonga umunyu wa lithium kandi utanga umutwaro wa lithium. Ikintu cyiza cya lithium - ion bateri electrolyte igomba kuba yujuje ibi bikurikira:
1) Dielectric ihoraho kandi ifite imbaraga zo gushonga umunyu wa lithium.
2) Ahantu ho gushonga hamwe no guteka cyane, kugumana imiterere y'amazi hejuru yubushyuhe bugari.
3) Ubukonje buke, bworohereza lithium - gutwara.
4) Imiti ihamye yimiti, ntabwo yangiza imiterere ya electrode nziza kandi mbi cyangwa gushonga ibikoresho byiza bya electrode.
5) Flash flash point, umutekano mwiza, igiciro gito, non - uburozi kandi butari - kwanduza.
Amashanyarazi asanzwe akoreshwa muri lithium - ion ya batiri ya electrolytite igabanijwemo cyane cyane mumashanyarazi ya karubone hamwe nu muti wa ether, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 7 - 6. Kugirango ubone imikorere ya - ya litiro-ion ya batiri electrolyte, ikivangwa kivanze kirimo ibishishwa bibiri cyangwa byinshi kama bisanzwe bikoreshwa, bibafasha kuzuzanya no kugera kubikorwa byiza muri rusange. Imiterere yumubiri ya karubone isanzwe igaragara kumeza 7-1.
Imbonerahamwe 7-1 Ibintu bifatika bya karubone isanzwe
| Umuti wumubiri | Umuyoboro wa Dielectric uhoraho | Gushonga Ingingo / impamyabumenyi | Ingingo yo guteka / impamyabumenyi | Coefficient ya Viscosity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethylene Carbonate (EC) | 89.6 | 37 | 243 | 1.86 |
| Propylene Carbone (PC) | 64.4 | -55 | 240 | 2.53 |
| Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC) | 0.59 | 2 | 91 | 0.59 |
| Diethyl Carbonate (DEC) | 2.8 | -43 | 126 | 0.75 |
| Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) | 3.0 | -53 | 108 | 0.65 |
Umuyoboro wa ether organique ushiramo ahanini urunigi rwumunyururu nka 1,2 - dimethoxypropane (DMP), dimethoxymethane (DMM), na etylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME), hamwe na etherne cyclic nka tetrahydrofuran (THF) na 2 - methyltetrahydrofuran (2-{6}} methyltetrahydrofuran). Kumurongo wa ether ukemura, igihe kinini urunigi rwa karubone, niko imiti ihagaze neza, ariko uko ubukonje bwiyongera kandi nigabanuka rya lithium-ion. Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether irashobora gukora chelate ihagaze neza (LiPF6 · DME) hamwe na lithium hexafluorophosphate, ikagaragaza imbaraga zikomeye zo gushonga kumyunyu ya lithium kandi bikavamo amashanyarazi menshi ya electrolyte. Nyamara, DME ifite imiti idahwitse kandi ntishobora gukora firime ihamye hejuru yububiko bwa electrode mbi.
Umuyoboro wa karubone urimo karubone ya sikeli nka karubone ya propylene (PC) na karubone ya Ethylene (EC), hamwe na karubone yumunyururu nka dimethyl karubone (DMC), karubone ya diethyl (DEC), na methyl etyl karubone (EMC). Carbone ya cyclicale ifite dielectric ihoraho, bigatuma umunyu wa lithium urushaho gushonga, ariko kandi ufite ubukonje bwinshi, bigatuma lithium yo hasi - igipimo cyimuka. Iminyururu ya karubone ifite dielectric nkeya kandi idakomeye ya lisiyumu yumunyu, ariko ubukonje buke no gutembera neza, byorohereza lithium - iyimuka.
Ubwoko bwa flame - inyongeramusaruro ya lithium - ion electrolytite irerekanwa mumashusho 7 - 7. Inyongeramusaruro, zikoreshwa muke, zifite ingaruka zikomeye kandi nuburyo bwubukungu nuburyo bufatika bwo kunoza imikorere ya bateri ya lithium - ion. Mugushyiramo urugero ruto rwinyongera kuri electrolyte ya bateri ya lithium - ion, ibintu bimwe na bimwe biranga imikorere ya bateri birashobora kunozwa byumwihariko, nkubushobozi bwo guhindagurika, guhuza electrode / electrolyte, imikorere yikizamini, imikorere yikigereranyo, nibikorwa byumutekano, bigira uruhare runini muri bateri ya litiro - ion. Ikintu cyiza cya litiro-ion ya batiri electrolyte igomba kuba ifite ibintu bine bikurikira:
1) Kwishongora cyane mumashanyarazi.
2) Umubare muto urashobora kunoza cyane ibiranga imikorere cyangwa byinshi.
3) Nta ngaruka mbi zangiza hamwe nibindi bikoresho bya batiri bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya bateri.
4) Igiciro gito, non - uburozi cyangwa uburozi buke.
Ukurikije imikorere yabo, inyongeramusaruro zirashobora gushyirwa mubyongeweho byongerera imbaraga, inyongeramusaruro zirenze urugero, inyongeramusaruro ya flame retardant, firime ya SEI - ikora inyongeramusaruro, kurinda ibikoresho bya cathode, stabilisateur ya LiPF6, nibindi byongera imikorere.
Inyongeramusaruro zongera imikorere ya bateri ya lithium - ion mu guhuza na ion ya electrolyte, guteza imbere umunyu wa lithium, no kongera amashanyarazi. Kuberako inyongeramusaruro ikora binyuze mubikorwa byo guhuza ibikorwa, byitwa kandi inyongeramusaruro ya ligand, kandi bigashyirwa mubice bya anionic ligands, cationic ligands, na ligande zidafite aho zibogamiye zishingiye kuri ion zikorana.
Ibyongeweho birenze urugero birinda umutekano birenze cyangwa byongera kwihanganira ibirenze. Bashyizwe mubikorwa byongera redox ninyongera ya monomer. Kugeza ubu, inyongeramusaruro ya redox ahanini ni urukurikirane rwa anisole, rufite imbaraga nyinshi za redox hamwe no gukemura neza. Inyongeramusaruro ya Monomer ihura na polymerisiyasi munsi ya voltage nyinshi, ikarekura imyuka, hamwe na polymer ikote hejuru ya cathode yibikoresho, bikabuza kwishyuza. Inyongeramusaruro ya Monomer ahanini irimo ibimera neza nka xylene na fenylcyclohexane.
Flame retardant inyongeramusaruro ikora mukuzamura ingingo yo gutwika ya electrolyte cyangwa guhagarika reaction ya radical yubusa ibuza gutwikwa. Ubwoko bwabo bwerekanwe mubishusho 7 - 8. Ongeraho flame retardants nimwe muburyo bwingenzi bwo kugabanya umuriro wa electrolyte, kwagura ubushyuhe bwimikorere ya bateri ya lithium-ion, no kunoza imikorere. Uburyo bwibikorwa bya flame retardant inyongeramusaruro ni ebyiri:
1) Mugukora urwego rukingira hagati yicyiciro cya gaze nicyiciro cyegeranye, birinda gutwikwa haba mubice byegeranye na gaze.
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