24V vs 48V Bateri ya Forklift: Uburyo bwo Guhitamo Ibikoresho byawe
Hafi ya kimwe cya gatatu cyabakiriya nakoranye no kugura bateri ya forklift yatangiriye kubaza ikibazo kitari cyo. Barabajije "ninde uruta, 24V cyangwa 48V?" mugihe bari bakwiye kubaza "ni ubuhe bwoko bwa voltage ibikoresho byanjye nibikorwa bikeneye?"
Umuvuduko ntabwo ari ikintu wahisemo. Ibikoresho byawe birabigena. Isahani yamakuru kuri forklift yawe ivuga 48V, iyo ni 48V, iherezo ryibiganiro.
Ibyemezo nyabyo biza nyuma: kuyobora - aside cyangwa lithium? Ni ubuhe bushobozi? Nigute ushobora gushiraho? Ibi nibibazo byerekana niba uzicuza ibyo waguze imyaka itatu uhereye ubu.
Ubwoko bwibikoresho byerekana amashanyarazi
Ibikoresho byo mu cyiciro cya III - walkie pallet jack, stackers stackers, abatwara amaherezo - ikora kuri 24V mubihe byinshi. Izi mashini zitwara imizigo munsi y'ibiro 4000, zikora intera ngufi, kandi ntizikeneye ingufu nyinshi zisohoka. Ihuriro rya 24V rituma paki ya batiri yoroha kandi imashini zikoreshwa mu byumba bigurishwa cyane hamwe na sitasiyo ntoya.
Ibikoresho byo mu cyiciro cya I na II biratandukanye. Counterbalance forklifts, igera mumamodoka, abatoranya ibicuruzwa bakeneye imbaraga zo guterura kandi ingendo ndende . 48 V nibisanzwe hano. Isoko.
Ikintu kimwe abaguzi bo muri Amerika ya ruguru bagomba kumenya: 36V ibaho hafi yisoko ryo muri Amerika ya ruguru. Umukambwe wimyaka 30 wokubungabunga forklift kumurongo wa ForkliftAction yabivuze yeruye ati: "volt 36 ni voltage yumunyamerika y'Amajyaruguru kandi ntabwo ikoreshwa mubindi bice byisi." Niba isosiyete yawe ikorera mumahanga cyangwa ikeneye ibikoresho byisi yose, 36V igabanya amahitamo yawe hamwe nibice biboneka ugereranije na 48V.
Sisitemu ya 80V ni iremereye - ikoreshwa ryinshingano, forklifts ya forblifts irenga toni 2.5 nibikoresho byicyambu. Amasoko yo gutanga amasoko atandukanye nicyemezo cya 24V / 48V, ibyo nzabikurikirana ukundi.
Kuki urwego rwa voltage rugira ingaruka kumikorere nigiciro
Ibi bibona tekiniki nkeya, ariko kubyumva bifasha kubara ibiciro nyuma.
Imbaraga zingana na voltage ibihe bigezweho. Kugirango ubone ibisohoka 9,600W, sisitemu ya 48V ikurura 200A, sisitemu ya 24V ikenera 400A. Kwikuba kabiri bisobanura ubushyuhe bwinshi mumigozi, igihombo kinini kubihuza, kwambara byihuse kuri brux ya moteri nabahuza.
Nabonye amato ya 24V yumukiriya aho ibikorwa bihanitse byangije umuhuza inshuro ebyiri cyangwa eshatu kumwaka. Kimwe cya kabiri cyamatike yo kubitunga byari kunanirwa guhuza amashanyarazi - sibyo kuko bateri zari mbi, ariko kubera ko sisitemu yakoraga cyane kuruta uko yari ikeneye.
Umuvuduko wa voltage nawo wirengagizwa. Kurongora - bateri ya aside igabanya voltage ubudahwema mugihe cyo gusohora. Batare isoma 48V yuzuye irashobora kugabanuka kugeza kuri 42V cyangwa munsi yubushobozi bwa 50%. Iyo voltage igabanutse 10%, moteri ya moteri igabanuka hafi 20%. Forklift yumva itinda, kuzamura itinda, kwihuta bigabanuka. Litiyumu isohora umurongo igumaho cyane, voltage ihinduka byibuze kuva yuzuye kugeza kuri 20% isigaye, bityo imikorere igumaho mugihe cyose.
Icyemezo Cyukuri: Kurongora - Acide cyangwa Litiyumu kuri Voltage yawe
Ibikoresho bya voltage bimaze gushyirwaho, chimie ya bateri iba ikibazo cyibanze cyamasoko.
Igiciro mbere. Nzaguha intera kuruta imibare nyayo kuko imiterere yisoko ihinduka, ariko dore ibyo tubona ubu:
24V isonga - aside ikoresha $ 2,950 kugeza $ 3.800. Litiyumu kuri voltage imwe isimbuka $ 6.000 kugeza $ 10,000.
48V imaze gukwirakwira cyane. Kurongora - aside irashobora kuba ahantu hose kuva $ 3,600 kugeza $ 10,000 bitewe nubushobozi - ibyo ni intera nini kuko ipaki ya 400Ah hamwe nudupapuro 700Ah nibicuruzwa bitandukanye cyane. Litiyumu 48V yicaye hagati ya $ 10,000 na 20.000.
Kuri sisitemu ya 80V, tegereza $ 8,000 kugeza 12,000 $ ya acide - aside, $ 15,000 kugeza $ 25.000 kuri lithium.
Urebye iyo mibare, lithium igura kabiri cyangwa irenga. Abashinzwe gutanga amasoko benshi bahagarara hano bagahitamo kuyobora - aside irumvikana. Ariko urwo rubanza rureba gusa urupapuro rwambere rwa fagitire.
Igiciro cyose cya nyirubwite nikigereranyo nyacyo
Igiciro cyambere cya bateri cyerekana 35% kugeza 50% byigiciro cyubuzima. Ibisigaye biva kubungabunga, gukoresha ingufu, umurimo, no gusimburana.
Dore igereranya ryumwaka 8 - kuri sisitemu ya 48V. Ibikorwa bibiri - byo guhinduranya, aside-aside kuri 575Ah, lithium kuri 378Ah (ubwinshi bwimbaraga za lithium bivuze ko udakeneye urwego rumwe Ah).
Kurongora - aside yiyongera vuba.Kugura kwambere $ 6.500. Kurenza imyaka 8 uzasimbuza bateri kabiri - ongeraho $ 13,000. Kuvomera buri cyumweru no kunganya buri gihembwe kwishyuza imirimo ikoresha amadorari 4.800. Ibikoresho nigihe cyo kuvomera no kunganya, andi $ 2,400. Kurongora - gukoresha neza aside ni 75% kugeza 80%, bityo amashanyarazi mumyaka 8 akaza hafi $ 9,600. Babiri - ibikorwa byo guhinduranya bisaba guhinduranya bateri, iminota 15 kugeza 30 buri umwe. Ikigereranyo ntarengwa cyimyaka 8 yumurimo wo guhinduranya: $ 8.400. Igiteranyo: hafi $ 44.700.
Litiyumu isa ukundi.Kugura kwambere $ 15,000. Nta gusimbuza gukenewe - ubuzima bwa lithium mubusanzwe butwikiriye ubuzima bwose bwa forklift. Byibanze kubungabunga - kubuntu, rimwe na rimwe uhuza igenzura, hamagara $ 400. Kwishyuza neza 95% kugeza kuri 98%, bityo imyaka 8 igiciro cyamashanyarazi kigabanuka $ 5.760. Nta guhinduranya bateri bisobanura zeru zakazi zihari. Igiteranyo: hafi $ 21.160.
Itandukaniro ni $ 23.540. Litiyumu irangira igura kimwe cya kabiri.
Kandi iyi mibare ntanubwo ikubiyemo isasu - ibikorwa remezo bya aside: aside - igorofa irwanya ahantu hahindurwa bateri, sisitemu yo guhumeka hydrogène, sitasiyo yo kumaso. Ibi birashobora kongeramo $ 50 kugeza 100 $ kuri metero kare mububiko bushya bwububiko.
Igihe cyo Kwishura Biterwa nigikorwa Cyinshi
Ibiharuro hejuru bifata ibikorwa bibiri - ibikorwa byo guhinduranya. Mubyukuri kwishura byihuse guhuza nuburyo ukoresha ibikoresho byawe.
Ingaragu - ibikorwa byo guhindura (amasaha 8)irashobora kwishyuza gurş - aside ijoro ryose hanyuma ukayikoresha umunsi wose utabanje guhinduranya. Ibyiza bya Litiyumu hano ni kubungabunga cyane no kuzigama ingufu. Kwishura bisanzwe bikora amezi 30 cyangwa arenga. Niba ingengo yimari idahwitse, imwe - guhinduranya urumuri - gusaba imisoro birashobora gukomera hamwe na aside - aside.
Babiri - ibikorwa byo guhindura (amasaha 16)hindura ikigereranyo. Kurongora - aside ikenera bateri ebyiri kuri forklift wongeyeho ibikoresho bya swap. Litiyumu irashobora kwihuta - kwishyuza mugihe cyo guhinduka no gukora ubudahwema. Nkurikije imishinga nagize uruhare, kwishyura bikora amezi 22 kugeza 28.
Bitatu - guhinduranya cyangwa amasaha 24 akomeza ibikorwakora lithium mubyukuri. Kurongora - acide yakenera bateri eshatu kuri forklift izunguruka ikoresheje, kwishyuza, hamwe na cooldown. Litiyumu irashobora gukora amasaha 22 hamwe namasaha 2 yo kwishyuza. Kuri ubu bukana, ikibazo ntabwo kizigama amafaranga - ni ukumenya niba sisitemu - yo kwishyuza aside ishobora no gushyigikira ibisabwa. Mubisanzwe ntibashobora.
Bimwe mubikorwa byimishinga bivuye mubihinduka twakemuye:
Isosiyete ya Texas - ishingiye kuri 3PL ifite amakamyo 50 yo mu cyiciro cya mbere ikora amasaha atatu yazigamye miliyoni 2.9 z'amadolari mu myaka 8 nyuma yo kwimukira muri lithium. Igihe cyo kwishyura cyari amezi 31. Ikigo - cyuzuza ubucuruzi hamwe na forklifts 80 kuri sisitemu ebyiri zagabanije miliyoni 4.2 zamadorari yo gukoresha mu myaka 5 - amezi 22 yo kwishyura. Ikigo gikwirakwiza ibiryo byahagaritswe hamwe namakamyo 12 agera ku mushahara mu mezi 17 gusa. Ibidukikije bikonje byateje isukari-aside ikabije, ibyo bikaba byaragaragaye cyane cyane lithium.
Ubushakashatsi bwa Raymond Corporation ku bikorwa byinshi - imbaraga zasanze ubuzima bwa ROI buri hagati ya 415% na 656%, hamwe na breakeven byihuse nkamezi 10.
Guhitamo Ubushobozi
Nyuma yo gufata umwanzuro kuri 48V lithium, uracyakeneye guhitamo ubushobozi . 300 Ah, 400Ah, 500Ah - ibiciro bitandukanye namadorari ibihumbi. Nigute uhitamo?
Huza igihe cyo guhindura igihe. Ntugure gusa amahitamo manini aboneka.
Ingaragu - guhindura 8 - gukora amasaha: 300 kugeza 400Ah ikora. Kwishyuza ijoro ryose, koresha umunsi wose. Babiri - guhinduranya 16 - gukora amasaha: ugomba kuzuza hejuru mugihe cyo guhindura ibintu, bityo 400 kugeza 500Ah nibyiza-byemeza ko iminota 30 yihuta ikunyuza muri shift ya kabiri. Imikorere itatu-ihoraho ikora: 500Ah cyangwa irenga, kwishyuza amahirwe mugihe cyo kuruhuka.
Gukabya guta amafaranga kubushobozi budakoreshwa. Gucisha make bisobanura guhagarika hagati - guhinduranya kwishyuza, byica umusaruro. Guhitamo bisaba gusuzuma ubunyangamugayo igihe nyacyo, uburemere bwimitwaro, nintera yingendo. Ntukabare ushingiye kubitekerezo ntarengwa.
Ububiko bukonje buhindura byose
Ubushyuhe buke bwangiza isasu - imikorere ya aside. Kuri dogere 32 F (0 dogere), kuyobora {{4} capacity ubushobozi bwa aside bugabanuka 25%. Kuri degree- 4 dogere F (-20 dogere), ubushobozi bugabanuka 45%. Bateri ya 500Ah yagenwe na aside-acide mububiko bwa firigo irashobora gutanga 275Ah gusa yubushobozi bwakoreshwa.
Litiyumu ifite imicungire yubushyuhe ikomeza ubushobozi burenga 80% kuri dogere - 20. Muri iki gihe paki ya lithium ikonje irimo amasahani yo gushyushya PTC, insulation, hamwe na desiccants kubushyuhe buke nibibazo bya kondegene.
Icyo kigo cyo gukwirakwiza cyahagaritswe navuze mbere? 17 - kwishyura ukwezi. Kurongora - aside mububiko bukonje ntibikora gusa-biragoye gukora na gato. Niba ibikorwa byawe birimo ibidukikije bikonjesha cyangwa bikonje, lithium ntabwo ihitamo.
Retrofit cyangwa Ibikoresho bishya: Kugenzura Urutonde
Ese forklifts ihari irashobora guhinduka muri lithium? Benshi barashobora. Inganda zerekana 89% bya forklifts yamashanyarazi igenda neza kuri lithium, 62% yo guhinduranya imbere imbere nayo ikora.
Ariko retrofiting ntabwo ari uguhindura bateri gusa. Ibintu byinshi bikeneye kugenzurwa:
Umuvuduko ugomba guhuza neza.48V forklift ikoresha bateri 48V, ntabwo 36V, ntabwo 60V. Byumvikane neza, ariko mubyukuri nabonye umuntu agerageza gukoresha bateri nyinshi za voltage kugirango "azamure imikorere." Batwitse umugenzuzi.
Ibipimo bya bateri bikeneye gupimwa neza.Ibikoresho bya Litiyumu ibintu bitandukanye na aside - aside. Reba uburebure, ubugari, uburebure, imyanya ihuza, hamwe nu murongo wa kabili.
Kurwanya ibiro birashobora gukenera guhinduka.Batteri ya Litiyumu ipima hafi 30% ugereranije na aside - aside. Counterbalance forklifts biterwa nuburemere bwinyuma kugirango butuze. Batteri yoroshye irashobora gusaba ballast kugirango igumane ubushobozi bwikigereranyo.
Guhuza abagenzuzi bitera ibibazo byinshi.Litiyumu iruhuka voltage ikora hafi 2V hejuru ya aside - aside kurwego rumwe. Abagenzuzi bakuze, cyane cyane urukurikirane rwa EV100, barashobora guta kode ya voltage. Nabonye urubanza rusanzwe kuri forumu: nyuma yo kwishyiriraho lithium, forklift yateye kode ya wrench 15 - voltage idasanzwe-ariko bateri yari nziza rwose. Umugenzuzi ntiyigeze amenya umurongo wa voltage ya lithium. Ibisubizo birimo guhindura igenamiterere rya BDI (Battery Discharge Indicator), kuvugurura porogaramu igenzura, cyangwa mumashini amwe ashaje, gusimbuza ikibaho gikuru.
Kwishyuza Ibikorwa Remezo: Ibiciro byihishe
Sisitemu ya 24V ikora kumurongo umwe - icyiciro 110 kugeza 120V imbaraga. Ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bikora neza. Amashanyarazi yaguzwe $ 1.000 kugeza $ 2,500. Ishoramari ry'ibikorwa remezo ahanini ni zeru.
Sisitemu ya 48V na 80V mubisanzwe ikenera imbaraga eshatu -. Amashanyarazi asanzwe akoresha $ 2000 kugeza $ 4000, charger yihuta $ 5,000 kugeza 8,000 cyangwa arenga. Niba ikigo cyawe kidafite serivisi - icyiciro cya gatatu, kuyizana wongeyeho kuzamura amashanyarazi bigura $ 15,000 kugeza 30.000.
Ariko ubare ibi hamwe na lead- asabwa ibikorwa remezo bya aside. Isonga - ibyumba bya batiri ya acide ikenera aside - irwanya igorofa, umwuka wa hydrogène uhumeka, sitasiyo yohanze, ibikoresho byo guhindura bateri. Nta na kimwe muri ibyo gikenewe hamwe na lithium. Iyo ubaze impande zombi, ibiciro remezo akenshi bisohoka hafi ndetse no mumishinga myinshi.
Icyemezo cy'umutekano
Umutekano wa batiri ya Litiyumu biterwa nubwiza bwakagari hamwe na BMS (Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri). Ntukarebe gusa igiciro. Kugenzura ibyatanzwe kubatanga ibyemezo:
UL 2580 ikubiyemo umutekano wa batiri yimodoka yumuriro, harimo gupima nabi no kurinda ubushyuhe bwumuriro. IEC 62619 nigipimo cya batiri ya lithium yinganda, igerageza amakosa yumuriro nubuyobozi bwumuriro. UN38.3 nicyemezo cyumutekano wubwikorezi - bateri ntishobora kohereza muburyo butemewe nayo. ISO 26262 nigipimo cyumutekano gikora, cyane cyane urwego rwumutekano wa BMS.
Ibicuruzwa bihendutse mubisanzwe bifite ibibazo byimpamyabumenyi. Ndasaba gusaba ibyemezo byumwimerere kugirango bigenzurwe, ntabwo nemera gusa amagambo yo kuvuga ko "dufite ibyemezo byose." Umutekano wa batiri ya Litiyumu ufite ingaruka zikomeye kuruta kurongora aside -. Aha ntabwo ariho kugabanya ibiciro.
None Mubyukuri Ukwiye gukora iki?
24V cyangwa 48V? Reba ibikoresho byawe byapa. Icyiciro cya III urumuri - ibikoresho byakazi bikora 24V, icyiciro cya mbere nicyiciro cya kabiri ibikoresho bikoresha 48V, uburemere - ibikoresho byakazi bikora 80V. Umuvuduko ntabwo ari amahitamo.
Kurongora - aside cyangwa lithium? Reba imbaraga zawe. Ingaragu imwe - guhinduranya urumuri - inshingano irashobora gutekereza aside - aside. Impinduka ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi, lithium irasabwa cyane. Impinduka eshatu cyangwa ibidukikije bikonje, lithium ni itegeko. Kubara igiciro cyose, ntabwo ari igiciro cyubuguzi gusa.
Ubushobozi? Huza igihe cyo guhindura igihe. Nturenze - cyangwa munsi ya -.
Niba ushyize hamwe kugereranya amasoko, twohereze urutonde rwibikoresho byawe, gahunda yo guhinduranya, hamwe nibidukikije. Itsinda ryubwubatsi rirashobora gutanga ibisobanuro birambuye byateganijwe hamwe na ROI.
