Bateri ya AGVIgitabo cyo Guhitamo: Umuvuduko, Ubushobozi & Kwishyuza Ibisabwa
Mu myaka itatu ishize, twabonye imishinga myinshi ya AGV ibona guhitamo bateri nabi kuruta iburyo. Ntabwo kuberako abakiriya badafite ubumenyi bwa tekiniki, ariko kuberako impapuro zitanga ibicuruzwa zitanga ahanini ntacyo zimaze gufata ibyemezo bifatika. Batteri ebyiri zombi zanditseho 48V 100Ah, imwe igura inshuro eshatu kurenza iyindi. Ni irihe tandukaniro? Nibyo iki gitabo.
Guhitamo Umuvuduko
Umucuruzi wawe wa AGV avuga ko imodoka ikeneye 48V, bityo ujya guhaha kuri bateri 48V. Bisa neza. Ntabwo aribyo.
Fiziki yibanze.
Imbaraga zingana na voltage ibihe bigezweho. Gusohora 5000W, sisitemu ya 48V ikurura 104A, sisitemu ya 36V ikurura 139A, sisitemu ya 24V ikurura 208A. Umuyoboro muremure bisobanura insinga zibyibushye, kwambara kwihuta kwihuta, ubushyuhe bwinshi mubihuza. Gukoresha 24V aho ushobora gukoresha 48V birasaba ibibazo mumuhanda.
Ariko imishinga nyayo ntabwo yoroshye. Twakoze umushinga wo kubika imbeho umwaka ushize, mubyukuri spec'd 48V LFP. Mugihe cyo kwipimisha, kurwanya imbere byaragaragaye mubushuhe bukonje, kurinda kwishyuza byakomeje gukurura. Yahinduwe kuri 36V. Ntibikora neza kumpapuro, ariko byizewe. Mubidukikije bikonjesha, kwizerwa gukubita imikorere buri gihe.
Amategeko yanjye yo guhitamo voltage:
24V
24V ikora kuburemere bwa 500 kg, munsi ya 2kW isaba ingufu, ingengo yimari. Tuvugishije ukuri ntidukunze gusaba 24V keretse abakiriya babisabye byumwihariko.
48V
48V ikubiyemo ububiko bwinshi bwa AGV. Gukemura toni 1 kugeza kuri 2,5, ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza bikuze, guhitamo abaguzi benshi. Guhitamo bisanzwe niba ntakidasanzwe kigenda.
72V+
72V na 80V kuri forklifts iremereye, ibikoresho byicyambu, abatwara hanze. Samsung SDI yubatsemo sisitemu ya 94V kuri toni 10 zamashanyarazi zivugwa ko zihuye nibikorwa bya mazutu (ibyo biva kurubuga rwabo, ntabwo nigeze ngerageza ubwanjye, ariko ibyo Samsung yakoze muri uyu mwanya birakomeye).
Ubushobozi: Umuntu wese azi formula, ntamuntu uzi aho yakura inyongeramusaruro
Inzira
Ubushobozi (Ah)=Imbaraga (W) × Igihe cyo gukora (amasaha) ÷ Umuvuduko (V) ff Gukora neza
Imikorere: 0,95 kuri lithium, 0,85 kuri aside aside.
Ikibazo numubare "imbaraga". Abacuruzi ba AGV baguha "ibintu bisanzwe" bisobanura amagorofa, imitwaro isanzwe, nta gutangira kenshi no guhagarara. Ububiko nyabwo bufite ubwikorezi, kurenza urugero, amasaha yo hejuru hamwe no gukomeza gukora. Imbaraga nyazo zishobora gukoreshwa 50% kurenza umubare wimpapuro.
Icyo dukora: baza umucuruzi wa AGV kumibare itatu. Imbaraga zitwara abagenzi zipakuruwe, zipakiye imbaraga zizamuka, imbaraga zimpinga. Noneho gereranya impuzandengo iremereye ukurikije inzira nyayo zabakiriya. Niba umucuruzi ashobora gutanga gusa umubare umwe udasobanutse "ugereranije imbaraga", ndikuba 1.3 mbere yo kubara.
Kubisobanuro, JD Logistics yasohoye amakuru kububiko bwabo bwa Aziya No1. AGVs zabo za Dilang zitwara 500kg, zikoresha amasaha 6 kugeza kuri 9 zipakiye kuri selile zitumizwa mu mahanga, zishyigikira 50A byihuse byuzuza mu minota 30 (isoko: JD Logistics tekiniki). Kuri 48V, 50A kwishyuza bisobanura ubushobozi bwa bateri ahantu hagati ya 40Ah na 60Ah. Ibyo birumvikana kubatwara 500 kg. Niba imodoka yawe itwaye byinshi cyangwa ikora inzira ndende, ubushobozi bwikigereranyo hejuru.
Chimie: LFP, NMC, LTO Buriwese Afite Umwanya
Imiti itatu ya lithium yiganje ku isoko rya AGV. Dore icyo mfata:
LFP (fosifate ya lithium)
Guhitamo neza kuri 90% yimishinga. Ubuzima burebure burigihe, umwirondoro mwiza wumutekano, ibiciro byagabanutse cyane. CATL na BYD bakora selile yizewe ya LFP hamwe n'iminyururu ikuze. Keretse niba ufite impamvu yihariye yo guhitamo ikindi, isanzwe kuri LFP.
NMC (nikel manganese cobalt)
Ubucucike buri hejuru ya LFP, ariko ubuzima bwigihe gito kandi ibyago byinshi byo guhunga. Reba NMC gusa niba igice cya batiri cya AGV ari gito cyane kuburyo kidahuza na LFP ukeneye. Ku giti cyanjye ntabwo nkunda NMC mububiko bwububiko. Niba ubushyuhe bwumuriro bubaye, wabuze ububiko bwose bufite agaciro, ntabwo ari AGV gusa.
LTO (lithium titanate)
Urubanza rwihariye. Ubucucike bw'ingufu ni kimwe cya kabiri cya LFP (rwose ni hasi), ariko umuvuduko wo kwishyuza urakabije (5C ntakibazo, kwishyurwa byuzuye muminota 12), ubuzima bwikiziga burakabije (15000+ cycle), ibihe by'ubukonje birakabije (bikora kuri dogere 30). Igiciro nacyo kirakabije. Ibintu bibiri aho LTO yumvikana: gukomeza 24/7 gukora hamwe niminota 10 kugeza kuri 15 yishyuza Windows, cyangwa iminyururu ikonje hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije - zeru. Niba umushinga wawe uhuye nibintu byombi, igiciro cya LTO gifite ishingiro.
| Andika | Ubucucike bw'ingufu | Amagare | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|---|---|
| LFP | 90 kugeza 160 Wh / kg | 2000 kugeza 5000 | Gukemura 1C kwishyuza neza, ikora kugeza kuri dogere 20, igiciro giciriritse. |
| NMC | 150 kugeza 220 Wh / kg | 1000 kugeza 2000 | Witondere hejuru ya 1C kwishyuza, impuzandengo ikonje, igiciro kinini. |
| LTO | 50 kugeza 80 Wh / kg | 15000 kugeza 20000 | Gukoresha 5C kwishyuza, ikora kuri dogere 30, igiciro kiri hejuru cyane. |
Chimie imwe ya LFP, Ubushobozi butandukanye: Uburyo bwo Guhitamo
Abantu barabaza byinshi. Abatanga ibicuruzwa benshi ntibabisobanura neza kuko bashaka ko ugura binini (margin yo hejuru).
Ese binini buri gihe ni byiza? Oya.
Ibibazo binini byubushobozi
Ubwa mbere, uburemere.Ipaki 100Ah LFP ipima hafi 45kg, 200Ah ipima 85kg. Ibyo 40 kg byiyongereye bigabanya ubushobozi bwo kwishura cyangwa byongera ingufu murugendo.
Icya kabiri, igihe cyo kwishyuza.Kuri 0.5C, 100Ah ifata amasaha 2, 200Ah ifata amasaha 4.
Icya gatatu,niba buri shift ikoresha 30% yubushobozi bwa bateri gusa, 70% yutugingo twicaye hejuru yumuriro buri munsi, byihuta gusaza.
Ibibazo byubushobozi buke
Ibibazo byubushobozi buke biragaragara: igihe gito, ibyago byimodoka zipfa hagati - guhinduka niba gahunda yo kwishyuza itanyuze.
Ihame ryanjye rinini
Shakisha ingufu ikinyabiziga gikoresha hagati yuburyo bwo kwishyuza, hanyuma hitamo ubushobozi kuburyo ukoresha 60% kugeza 70% byapaki buri cyiciro. Ntabwo yimbitse bihagije kugirango ushimangire selile, ntizifite imbaraga zo guta amafaranga kubushobozi budakoreshwa.
Urugero: AGV irashobora kwishyuza buri masaha 4, ikigereranyo cyo gukoresha ingufu 800W. Amasaha ane kuri 800W ni 3200Wh. Kuri 48V iyo ni 67Ah. Ipaki 100Ah isobanura gukoresha 67% kuri buri cyiciro. Aho ni ahantu heza. Ipaki ya 150Ah yakoresha gusa 45% kuri buri cyerekezo, igasesagura igishoro kuri selile zidafite amafaranga yo kubika.
DOD na Cycle Ubuzima: Ubu bumenyi buzagukiza amafaranga
DOD bisobanura Ubujyakuzimu. Ingaruka zayo mubuzima bwa bateri nini kuruta uko abantu benshi babibona.
Kaminuza ya Battery (bateriuniversity.com) yasohoye amakuru yikizamini nzavuga mu buryo butaziguye:
LFP selile yazengurutse 100% DOD igera kuri 80% ubushobozi hafi ya 600. Ingirabuzimafatizo zimwe yazungurutse kuri 40% DOD imara inshuro zirenga 3000. Bateri imwe, gusiganwa ku magare bitanga inshuro nyinshi imbaraga zose zinjira mubuzima bwayo kuruta gusiganwa ku magare.
Ibi bivuze iki mubikorwa? Nibyiza kugura ubushobozi bunini gato kandi ugakoresha kimwe cya kabiri cyayo kuruta kugura neza ibyo ukeneye no kuyikuramo buri cyiciro. Uburyo bwa kabiri busa naho buhendutse imbere ariko uzasimbuza bateri kenshi.
Ibipimo bisanzwe bisanzwe ubu: SOC hasi kuri 20% kugeza 25%, igisenge kuri 80% kugeza 85%, ibinyabiziga bikora muriyi idirishya. Ufatanije nuburyo bwo kwishyuza, ubuzima bwa bateri bwiyongera inshuro ebyiri kugeza kuri eshatu ugereranije nuburyo bwuzuye / gusohora amagare.
Imyumvire imwe ikunze kubaho
Abantu benshi batekereza ko bateri ya lithium ikenera gusohora buri gihe kugirango "ihindurwe." Ibyo nibitekerezo bya nikel kadmium, nibeshya rwose kuri lithium. Gusohora cyane byangiza imiterere ya electrode. BMS igezweho ikoresha coulomb ibara kubigereranyo bya SOC, ntabwo ikenera inzinguzingo zubusa kugirango zibe.
Ingamba zo Kwishyuza: Kwishyuza Amahirwe cyangwa Guhindura Bateri
Inzira zombi zifite umwanya wazo. Ntanubwo ari "imbere cyane."
Kwishyuza amahirwe
Akora iyo gukoresha AGV bigumye munsi ya 75%. Ibinyabiziga byishyuza mugihe utegereje imirimo, gutonda umurongo, gupakira / gupakurura. Buri somo rikora iminota 15 kugeza 30. Ongeraho kugeza igihe gihagije umunsi wose. Nta gutabara kwabantu gukenewe. Hamwe na LFP ishyigikira 1C kwishyuza, iminota 15 yongeramo ubushobozi bwa 25%, bihagije kumasaha cyangwa abiri yo gukora.
Swap
Imirimo iyo ikoreshwa rirenze 95% kandi ibinyabiziga ntibishobora guhagarara. Ikinyabiziga cyinjira muri swap, bateri yahinduwe muminota 2 kugeza kuri 5, ihita isubira kukazi. Ubucuruzi - kuzimya: buri kinyabiziga gikenera bateri 2 kugeza kuri 3, ibikoresho byabigenewe byabigenewe, abakoresha gukora swap.
Urubanza rwa DHL rukwiye kwitonderwa. Ibigo byabo bikwirakwiza kwisi yose bikoresha robot ikorana na robot hamwe nuburyo bwo kwishyuza. Gutora neza byatwaye 50% kugeza kuri 70%, ibikomere ku kazi byagabanutseho 15% (isoko: DHL urubuga na Logistics Viewpoints ubwishingizi). Ibyo byunguka neza ntabwo biva muri robo ubwabo. Amahirwe yo kwishyuza ashoboza gukora amasaha 24 yukuri. Kuzigama k'umurimo ni byinshi.
Ibidukikije bikonje
Niba ububiko bwawe bufite firigo cyangwa firigo, guhitamo bateri bisaba ubwitonzi bwihariye.
Batteri ya Litiyumu ifite ibibazo bibiri mubukonje. Ubwa mbere, ubushobozi bugabanuka: kuri dogere 10, LFP igumana wenda 85%; kuri dogere 20 dogere wenda 70%. Icya kabiri, kwishyuza ibicuruzwa: kwishyuza lithium munsi yubukonje bitera lithium isa kuri anode. Ibyo byangiritse burundu wongeyeho umutekano. Benshi muri BMS banze kwishyurwa mugihe ubushyuhe bwakagari bugabanutse munsi ya dogere 0.
Ibisubizo bifatika: shiraho uturere twishyuza hanze yubukonje (ibinyabiziga bisohoka kugirango bishyure, garuka iyo birangiye), cyangwa ukoreshe sisitemu ya batiri hamwe nubushyuhe (selile zishyushye hejuru yo gukonjesha mbere yo kwakira amashanyarazi).
Niba AGVs yawe ikora igihe kinini munsi ya dogere 25, LFP isanzwe ntishobora kugabanya. Reba LTO cyangwa bateri yihariye ikonje. SVOLT ya LMFP selile isaba gukora kuri dogere 30. Bubatse umwanya mwiza mubikoresho bikonje. Birakwiye gukora iperereza kubisabwa bya firigo.
Gukoresha Imibare
Imibare ifatika. Imwe 48V AGV, ebyiri - ibikorwa byo guhinduranya (amasaha 16 kumunsi), bitanu - umwaka utambitse.
Kuyobora aside aside
Batteri (2 yo kuzunguruka): $ 4,000
Amashanyarazi: $ 1.500
Amashanyarazi ya buri mwaka (5 yrs): $ 9,000
Kubungabunga buri mwaka (5 yrs): $ 3.000
Gusimbuza (Umwaka wa 3): $ 4,000
Igihombo cyo kumanuka (5 yrs): $ 12,000
Batanu - umwaka: yose hamwe $ 33.500
Uburyo bwa LFP
Batteri (imwe gusa): $ 12,000
Amashanyarazi yihuta: $ 3.500
Amashanyarazi ya buri mwaka (5 yrs): $ 5.750
Kubungabunga: $ 0
Gusimburwa: $ 0
Igihombo cyo kumanuka (5 yrs): $ 2000
Batanu - umwaka: yose hamwe $ 23.250
Kuzigama: $ 10.250, hafi 31%
Ibi ntibibara na sisitemu yo guta aside cyangwa agaciro ka lithium isigaye nyuma yimyaka itanu.
Ni ryari lithium idasobanutse? Igikorwa kimwe cyo guhindura (munsi yamasaha 8 kumunsi), gukoresha bike. Kurwanya aside aside yo hasi igura imyaka 7 kugeza 8 kugirango utsinde. Niba umushinga wawe utambitse ni imyaka 3 kugeza kuri 5 gusa kandi mubyukuri ukoresha shift imwe gusa, aside aside irashobora gukaramu neza.
BMS: Kurenza Inzira Zirinda
Abantu benshi bafata BMS nkumuzunguruko gusa. Kata bateri mugihe kirenze, hejuru ya - isohoka, hejuru ya -, hejuru ya - ubushyuhe. Akazi karangiye. BMS igezweho ikora byinshi.
Ikigereranyo cya SOC
BMS nziza igera kubwukuri muri plus cyangwa gukuramo 1% kugeza 3% (Docine tekinike ya Infineon isaba kongeraho cyangwa gukuramo 1% kubisubizo byabo). Kuki ubunyangamugayo bufite akamaro? Sisitemu yawe yoherejwe irashobora gutanga imirimo ishingiye kuri buri kinyabiziga gisigaye. Imodoka ndende - zishyuza zirebire - imirimo yintera, hasi - ibinyabiziga byishyuza bibona kwiruka bigufi cyangwa kwerekeza kwishyuza. Niba ikosa ryo kugereranya SOC ari 10%, iyi optimizas iba idashoboka.
Gukurikirana SOH
Leta ikurikirana ubuzima. BMS nziza ikurikirana ubushobozi bwo guta umurongo kuri buri bateri, iraburira amezi imbere mugihe ipaki yananiwe. Ibyiza kuruta gutegereza imodoka yapfuye no guhangana nigihe cyihutirwa.
Gucunga ubushyuhe
Nukuri - gukurikirana igihe hejuru yingingo nyinshi muri paki. Ahantu hashyushye hakiri kare, bigabanya imbaraga mbere yuko ibibazo byiyongera.
Imigaragarire y'itumanaho
CAN bus cyangwa RS485 ihuza sisitemu yo gucunga ububiko bwawe. Reka WMS ibone uko bateri imeze kuri buri kinyabiziga.
Ntugabanuke kuri BMS. Twabonye abakiriya babika amadorari magana make kuri bije ya BMS, hanyuma bavumbure amakosa yo kugereranya SOC kuburyo bunini sisitemu yohereza idashobora gukoresha amakuru na gato. Birashoboka nkaho udafite ibiranga.
Impamyabumenyi: Ntabwo ari impapuro gusa
Impamyabumenyi ebyiri zifite akamaro kanini: UN38.3 na IEC 62619.
UN38.3
Kurinda umutekano wo gutwara. Ikizamini cyo kwigana ubutumburuke, gusiganwa ku magare, kunyeganyega, guhungabana, umuzunguruko mugufi, kurenza urugero, gusohora ku gahato. Birakenewe kuri batiri ya lithium yambuka imipaka. Oya UN38.3, amasosiyete y'ibikoresho ntabwo azayakoraho.
IEC 62619
Gupfundikira bateri ya lithium yinganda koresha umutekano. Ibizamini byuzuzanya na UN38.3 ariko wibande cyane kubikorwa bikora: kwinjiza imisumari, kugerageza ibitonyanga, kugenzura imikorere ya BMS. IEC 62619 ni ishingiro rya tekiniki ryerekana CE mu Burayi, icyemezo cya AS / NZS muri Ositaraliya, icyemezo cya PSE mu Buyapani.
Ingingo y'ingenzi: ibyemezo bireba ibicuruzwa byihariye, ntabwo bireba ababikora. Ababikora bamwe bemeza icyitegererezo kimwe hanyuma bakubita urushyi ibyemezo kubintu byose bagurisha. Mugihe ugura, genzura icyemezo cyicyitegererezo cyerekana neza ibyo ugura. Impamyabumenyi zidahuye nta gaciro zifite.
Inyandiko zitanga isoko
Bake twakemuye:
Mu batanga Ubushinwa, BYD ifite uruhare runini ku isoko muri bateri ya lithium y’amashanyarazi, bivugwa ko hafi 60% mu Bushinwa. Batteri zabo za blade zizana garanti yimyaka 10. CATL na Hangcha bakoze JV yitwa Pengcheng New Energy byumwihariko kuri bateri ya forklift na AGV. Niba usanzwe ukoresha imodoka za Hangcha, uwo muyoboro urashobora kuba woroshye.
Mubatanga iburengerazuba, seri ya EnerSys NexSys irakomeye. Sisitemu yabo ya NexSys AIR idafite amashanyarazi ishigikira aside irike, TPPL, na lithium kubikorwa remezo bimwe. Nibyiza niba amato yawe avuye muri acide ikayobora kuri lithium kandi ukaba ushaka kurinda ibikoresho byawe byo kwishyuza.
Ibibazo byo kubaza mugihe usuzuma abatanga isoko:
Nuwukora uruganda, niyihe ntera (A - amanota cyangwa B - amanota)? Bashobora gutanga amakuru yikizamini cyubuzima bwa paki, ntabwo ari selile yambaye ubusa? Garanti ikubiyemo ubushobozi burashira cyangwa gutsindwa byuzuye? Nigute bakemura ibyifuzo bya garanti (bateri zohereza mumahanga zihenze kandi zitinda)?
Ibitekerezo byanyuma
Guhitamo Bateri ntabwo arimwe - icyemezo cyo kugura igihe. Ibyo wahisemo uyumunsi bigena ibiciro byo gukora no kubungabunga ibintu mumyaka 5 kugeza 10 iri imbere. Ntukarebe gusa igiciro cyambere cyo kugura. Kubara bitanu - umwaka TCO mbere yo gufata umwanzuro.
Niba ufite umushinga wihariye mubikorwa kandi ukeneye kwemeza bateri yawe, ohereza hejuru yimikorere, ingengo yimari, ibisabwa bidasanzwe (kubika imbeho, guturika - gihamya, ibipimo bidasanzwe). Twakandagiye kuri zimwe muri mines mbere kandi turashobora kugufasha kubyirinda.
