Amp Amasaha Kuri Watt Amasaha: Igitabo Cyuzuye cyo Guhindura
Twatakaje umushinga ukonje wa AGV muri Q3 umwaka ushize. Injeniyeri wumukiriya yashimangiye kongera kubara Wh ukoresheje 80% DoD hiyongereyeho ubushyuhe bwabo. Twari twavuze mu buryo butaziguye dukoresheje ibipimo byakozwe na 100Ah inshuro 12V, kandi twarangije hafi 15%.
Mvugishije ukuri, natekerezaga ko kubara kwabo kwari ugukabya icyo gihe. Dushubije amaso inyuma, gukosora ubushyuhe bwabo byari bikaze, ariko twari tumaze gutakaza isoko - gutongana icyiza cyangwa ikibi ntacyo byari bimaze. Kuva icyo gihe, turasaba ibivugwa byose kugirango dushyiremo urupapuro rwo kubara, kandi rugomba kunyura mubuhanga mbere yuko CFO isohoka. Inzira irarambiranye, ariko byibuze ntituzabura amasezerano kubwamakosa yibanze nkayo.
Inararibonye yatumye mbona ikintu: abantu benshi bafata Ah kuri Wh guhinduka nkimibare yo mumashuri yisumbuye - Bingana Ah ibihe V, byakozwe. Ariko umuntu wese ukora amasoko azi ko hari imitego myinshi yihishe inyuma yiyi "formulaire yoroshye."
Reka duhere kuri formula ubwayo
Ninde=Ah × V, nibyo. Batare 100Ah kuri 12V nominal iguha 1200Wh.
Ariko iyo 12V niyo voltage nominal. Mubikorwa nyabyo, voltage ihindagurika hagati ya 10.5V na 14.4V. Nuwuhe mubare ukoresha?
Uburyo bwacu ubu ni ugukoresha hagati - gusohora voltage - voltage nyayo hafi ya SOC hagati. Kuri LFP, mubisanzwe dukoresha 12.8V aho gukoresha 12V, iguha ingufu 6.7%. Ntabwo bisa nkaho ari byinshi, ariko hejuru ya 50 forklifts, ayo ni amafaranga nyayo.
Uburyo bunoze ni uguhuza gusohora umurongo, gukusanya Ah kugwizwa na voltage ako kanya V (t). Mubyukuri mubyukuri, ariko mubyukuri ntabwo dukunze kubikora mubikorwa bifatika - biragoye cyane, kandi ntabwo abatanga isoko benshi bashobora no gutanga umurongo wuzuye.
Isomo ryo mu mwaka ushize wa AGV Umushinga
Subira kuri uwo mushinga wabuze. Twasuzumye abatanga ibintu bitatu, kandi dore uko byasaga:
Utanga A.
Umucuruzi washyizweho - kuyobora - aside, 12.0V / 100Ah yavuzwe $ 178.50 harimo umusoro, 60 {{6} terms umunsi wo kwishyura, gutanga icyumweru kimwe. Umubano mwiza, umuntu guhamagara mugihe ibintu bitagenze neza.
Utanga B.
Umucuruzi mushya wa LFP-12.8V / 100Ah yavuzwe $ 423 harimo umusoro, 30% yabikijwe asabwa, igihe cyo kuyobora ibyumweru 8. Inkunga ya tekinike igisubizo cyari cyiza.
Utanga isokoC
Na none LFP-13.2V / 100Ah yavuzwe $ 389, nayo yasabye kubitsa, ariko igihe cyo kuyobora cyari ibyumweru 16. Igurisha yavuze ko ryumvikanyweho, ariko byaje kuba BS.
Urebye gusa $ / Wh:
Utanga A: $ 178.50 ÷ 1200Wh=$ 0.149 / Ninde
Utanga B: $ 423 ÷ 1280Wh=$ 0.330 / Ninde
Utanga C: $ 389 ÷ 1320Wh=$ 0.295 / Ninde
Utanga C asa nkamasezerano meza, sibyo? Ariko ntidushobora gutegereza ibyumweru 16 - gutinda k'umushinga bivuze ibihano bitanu - ibihano. Twarangije gusubiramo hamwe na Supplier B, kandi umukiriya yakoresheje amakuru ya Supplier C kugirango tuvuge ko ingano yacu atari yo.
Nta mpande zombi zakoze amakosa yo kubara - ibitekerezo byari bitandukanye. Twakoresheje voltage nominal wongeyeho DoD isanzwe; bakoresheje bapimye hagati - point voltage hiyongereyeho derating. Nigute ushobora kujya impaka kuri ibi? Mubuhanga byombi birashobora kuba bifite ishingiro; ubucuruzi, uwatsinzwe arabyemera.
Impamvu Ubu Nibanze cyane Kuruta Ah
Ah ifite ikibazo gikomeye nka metric: ntigaragaza ingufu, gusa kwishyuza.
Kuri bateri zose zapimwe kuri 100Ah:
| Andika | Umuvuduko w'izina | Kubara Wh | Ikigereranyo Cyakoreshwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isasu ryuzuye - aside | 12.0V | 1200 | ~500-600 |
| AGM | 12.0V | 1200 | ~550-650 |
| LFP | 12.8V | 1280 | ~950-1050 |
| LFP | 13.2V | 1320 | ~1000-1100 |
Kuki isasu - aside ikoreshwa munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri? DoD igarukira kuri 50%, ubundi ubuzima bwinzira bugabanuka cyane. LFP irashobora gusohora 80% cyangwa 90% mugihe ikomeza ubuzima bwinzira.
Iri tandukaniro akenshi ryirengagizwa mugihe cyo gusubiramo. CFO ibona aside - aside kuri $ 180 na LFP ku $ 400, kandi igisubizo cya mbere ni "inshuro zirenze ebyiri igiciro." Ariko niba ubara ingufu zishobora gukoreshwa, kuyobora - acide ni $ 0.30 / Wh, LFP hafi $ 0.38 / Wh - icyuho ntabwo ari ikinamico. Ibintu muburyo bwo gusimbuza, kandi LFP mubyukuri bihendutse.
Birumvikana, ibi biterwa na progaramu yihariye. Kuri kimwe - guhinduranya, urumuri - ibintu byerekana inshingano, kurongora - aside irashobora rwose kuba ubukungu - nta mpamvu yo gusunika LFP.
Ubushyuhe: Impinduka Abantu benshi Basuzugura
Dufite umukiriya muri Wisconsin ukora urunigi rukonje - ububiko bwabo bwicara hafi dogere 40 F umwaka - kuzenguruka, bikamanuka munsi ya dogere 20 F mugihe cy'itumba. Bakoreshaga bateri ya AGM mbere, kandi bagombaga kuyisimbuza nyuma y'amezi 14 ubwo ubushobozi bwagabanutse munsi ya 60% by'ibipimo - bidakoreshwa rwose.
Nyuma yo kwimukira muri LFP, amezi 26 mubidukikije bimwe kandi biracyari hejuru ya 90%. ROI kuri uru rubanza isa neza, ariko nkwiye gusobanuka: iyi ni ibintu byiza - ibintu byerekana - urunigi rukonje ni ahantu heza LFP.
Dore hafi uko ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka kubushobozi (aya ni makuru yacu yikizamini; abayakora batandukanye bazatandukana):
| LFP | AGM | |
|---|---|---|
| Impamyabumenyi 77 F / 25 impamyabumenyi | 100% | 100% |
| Impamyabumenyi 60 F / 15 | 94-97% | 85-90% |
| Impamyabumenyi 40 F / 4 impamyabumenyi | 85-90% | 70-80% |
| Impamyabumenyi 20 F / -7 impamyabumenyi | 70-78% | 55-65% |
| Impamyabumenyi 0/18 | 50-60% | 35-45% |
Nkuko mubibona, iyo ubushyuhe bugabanutse, ikinyuranyo hagati yubwoko bubiri bwa batiri kiraguka. Mububiko bukonje bukonje, inyungu za LFP ni ngombwa.
Ariko andika - iyi ni imikorere yo gusohora. Hasi - kwishyuza ubushyuhe kuri LFP ni undi mutego. Kwishyuza munsi ya dogere 0 bitera isahani ya lithium, kandi sisitemu nyinshi za BMS zizahagarika gusa kwishyuza. Niba abakiriya binubira ibi, bakavuga ko bateri yamenetse - mubyukuri byari uburyo bwo kurinda BMS. Igurisha ntirizakubwira ibi.
Uburyo bwo Kubara TCO
Mfite amakuru yo mumato abiri agereranywa. Twagenzuye kubihinduka bishoboka, ariko haracyari itandukaniro mubikorwa byabakiriya - fata amakuru nkibisobanuro gusa.
Fleet A: 20 igera ku makamyo, ikayobora - aside, imikorere-2
Umwaka wa 1 umurimo wo kubungabunga ushingiye kumyandikire yamakarita yukuri neza: $ 18.2K. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2, umukiriya yahinduye abashoramari, kandi dufite inyemezabuguzi gusa, zishobora kubamo ibindi bintu - bituzuye neza.
Igiciro cyo kumanura nicyo kigoye kubara. Twagereranije dushingiye ku minota 30 kuri swap ya bateri, igwizwa nigipimo cyakazi ku isaha. Iyi mibare irakumira cyane; Ingaruka nyayo yumusaruro birashoboka cyane ariko ntishobora kubarwa neza.
Amashanyarazi apimwa mu mwaka wa 1, ugereranije na 5% kuzamuka kumyaka 2 na 3.
Imibare ikabije:
Umwaka wa 1: Bateri $ 72K + Kubungabunga ~ $ 18K + Amashanyarazi ~ $ 8.5K + Isaha ~ $ 31K=~ $ 130K
Umwaka wa 2: Kubungabunga ~ $ 20K + Amashanyarazi ~ $ 9K + Igihe cyo hasi ~ $ 34K=~ $ 63K
Umwaka wa 3: Gusimbuza Bateri $ 54K + Kubungabunga ~ $ 21K + Amashanyarazi ~ $ 9.5K + Igihe cyo hasi ~ $ 37K=~ $ 122K
Imyaka itatu - umwaka wose hamwe $ 315K, utabariyemo icyumba cya batiri HVAC nigiciro cyumwanya.
Fleet B: 20 igera ku makamyo, LFP, imikorere ya 2-shift
Umwaka wa mbere ishoramari ryambere $ 168K, nyuma yibyo ahanini kubungabunga bike n'amashanyarazi.
Umwaka wa 1: Bateri $ 168K + Kubungabunga ~ $ 2.5K + Amashanyarazi ~ $ 6K=~ $ 177K
Umwaka wa 2: Kubungabunga ~ $ 2.5K + Amashanyarazi ~ $ 6K=~ $ 8.5K
Umwaka wa 3: Kubungabunga ~ $ 2.5K + Amashanyarazi ~ $ 6.5K=~ $ 9K
Imyaka itatu - umwaka wose hamwe $ 195K.
Wizigamiye hafi $ 120K, breakeven hagati yamezi 14 na 16, ukurikije uko ubara igice cyibiciro cyo hasi.
Fleet B ubu ifite amezi 38 kandi iracyari hafi 87%. Ukurikije iyi guta umurongo, indi myaka 3 ntigomba kuba ikibazo. Fleet A yamaze kunyura muburyo bumwe bwo gusimbuza bateri kandi iri hafi gukenera indi.
Ubushobozi bwo Kuringaniza Imitego
Nabonye amasoko menshi abantu barenga bateri kugirango "umutekano." 100Ah byaba bihagije ariko bagura 200Ah. Imitekerereze yumvikana, ariko ubu buryo bufite ibibazo na LFP.
LFP ntabwo ikunda kuguma kuri SOC ndende - manda. Twari dufite umukiriya urenga 40%, twibwira ko ari conservateur. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, kugumana ubushobozi kwabo byari bibi cyane kuruta bateri zisanzwe. Kugenzura ibiti bya BMS byerekanaga ko bateri zahoraga hejuru ya 75% SOC, gake cyane - zasohotse.
Ingirabuzimafatizo zireremba hejuru ya voltage ndende - ijambo ryihutisha gusaza.
Ihame ryacu rinini: kora inyuma kuva 70 - 80% DoD mubihe bibi - imiterere yimanza . 15-20% margin irahagije-ntukabe umururumba.
Dore uburyo bwo kubara (ukoresheje umushinga nyirizina nk'urugero):
- Icyambere, menya ingufu zikenewe. Vuga ibikoresho bikora ubudahwema kuri 500W mumasaha 6 - ibyo nibisabwa 3000Wh mbisi.
- Noneho ongeraho derating. Imbere, dukoresha ibintu 0,65 mububiko bwububiko, bitwikiriye ubushyuhe, C - igipimo, gusaza, nibindi. Kubika imbeho, dukoresha 0.55.3000Wh ÷ 0.65=4615 Wh
- Ongeraho ibikorwa bya 15% .4615Wh ÷ 0.85=5430 Ninde
- Kuri 12.8V nominal: 5430 ÷ 12.8=424 Ah.
Noneho rero - ubwenge, hitamo iboneza rya 450Ah cyangwa 500Ah.
Ubu buryo ntibuzahuza na buri kintu, ariko cyizewe kuruta kugereranya agaciro kateganijwe.
Ingaruka ya Peukert
Ntabwo nagiye kwandika iki gice kuko gifite ingaruka nkeya kuri LFP, ariko kubera ko iyi ari ubuyobozi bwuzuye, dukwiye kuvuga.
Kurongora - bateri ya aside yerekana kugabanuka gukomeye kurwego rwo hejuru C - igipimo - ibi byitwa ingaruka ya Peukert. Batare ya 100Ah AGM yasohotse kuri 1C (100A) irashobora gutanga 55-60Ah gusa. Imibare yerekana imibare ishingiye kuri C / 20 cyangwa C / 10, kure yimikoreshereze nyayo.
LFP ya Peukert yerekana ni 1.02-1.05, mubyukuri ni ntagaciro. Waba usohora 0.5C cyangwa 1C, ubushobozi buratandukanye na bike kwijana.
Niba rero gusaba kwawe birimo - guturika kurubu - kwihuta kwa AGV, guterura forklift, nibindi. {{3} ibyo mubona mubyukuri biterwa ninshingano zinshingano. Ubushobozi bwa LFP bufite agaciro.
Ibyo Kurebera hamwe nabatanga isoko
Ntabwo nzasaba cyangwa badmouth abatanga isoko hano. Buriwese afite ibyiza nibibi, kandi ibintu byo gusaba ntibishobora gukoreshwa kubwawe.
Ariko hariho ibintu bike nshobora gusangira:
- Kubatanga ipaki ya batiri kumasoko ubungubu, selile ziva mumasoko make. CATL, BYD, GOTION, EVE - aba bakinnyi bakomeye bafite imigabane myinshi kumasoko. Akenshi rero ntabwo ugereranya ubuziranenge bwakagari ariko BMS igishushanyo nubushobozi bwo guhuza.
- Mugihe ubajije abatanga isoko yo gusohora, saba byibuze bitatu: 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C. Abacuruzi benshi bato ntibashobora kubibyaza umusaruro, cyangwa kuguha imbonerahamwe bigaragara ko yakuwe mubandi. Abacuruzi benshi mubisanzwe bazabaza kubijyanye na progaramu yawe yihariye, hanyuma batange amakuru yikizamini.
- Kugurisha kutabasha gusubiza ibibazo bya tekiniki kumwanya ntibisobanura byinshi. Icyangombwa nukumenya niba ushobora kubona amakuru akoreshwa mumasaha 72. Ibendera ritukura nyaryo ni radiyo guceceka nyuma yo kubaza, cyangwa kubona ikirundo cyibikoresho rusange byo kwamamaza.
- Soma witonze amagambo ya garanti. Abacuruzi benshi bandika "imyaka 10 cyangwa 4000 inzinguzingo," ariko icapiro ryiza rifite imipaka yo kwinjiza ishobora gukorerwa imyaka 6. Bamwe basobanura inzinguzingo muburyo budasobanutse - 10% DoD na 90% DoD zibarwa nkizunguruka imwe itanga garanti nkiyi idafite agaciro.
- UL 9540A amakuru yikizamini cyumuriro - abacuruzi ba LFP bemewe bagomba bose kugira. Abatindiganya bakavuga ngo "turashobora gutegura ibizamini" ntibigeze bipimisha cyangwa ngo bapimwe nibisubizo bibi.
Ibitekerezo byanyuma
Ah to Wh guhinduka ubwabyo ntabwo bigoye. Ikigoye nukumenya imibare yo gukoresha nuburyo bwo gusobanura ibisubizo.
Impapuro zihariye nizo ntangiriro, ntabwo ari igisubizo. Batteri zose zapimwe kuri 100Ah zirashobora gutanga ingufu zinyuranye zitandukanye mumashanyarazi atandukanye, chemistries, hamwe nuburyo bukora.
Imitego twahuye nayo ahanini yanditse hejuru. Buri mushinga uratandukanye, kandi ibibazo byihariye bikeneye isesengura ryihariye. Wumve neza kunsanga kuri LinkedIn kugirango tuganire kubibazo bisa - bishobora kutagira ibisubizo byose, ariko wishimiye gusangira ibitekerezo bimwe.
