Uburyo bwo kwishyuza byihuse
Kugirango wongere umuvuduko wibikorwa bya chimique muri bateri, gabanya igihe bifata kugirango bagere kumuriro wuzuye, kandi ugabanye cyangwa ugabanye polarisiyasi yibyapa byiza nibibi, bityo bitezimbere imikorere ya bateri, tekinoroji yo kwishyuza byihuse yateye imbere byihuse mumyaka yashize. Uburyo bwinshi bukoreshwa muburyo bwihuse bwo kwishyuza bwatangijwe hepfo. Ubu buryo bwateguwe hafi yuburyo bwiza bwo kwishyuza, bugamije gukora umurongo wukuri wo kwishyiriraho hafi hashoboka kuburyo bwiza bwo kwishyuza.
Uburyo bwo kwishyuza pulse
Uburyo bwo kwishyuza pulse banza kwishyuza bateri hamwe numuyoboro wa pulse, hanyuma ugahagarika kwishyuza mugihe runaka, hanyuma ukongera kwaka bateri hamwe numuyoboro wa pulse, ugasubiramo uruziga, nkuko bigaragara mumashusho 11-5. Amashanyarazi yumuriro yishyuza byuzuye bateri, mugihe intera itanga umwanya wa ogisijeni na hydrogène byakozwe na chimique reaction ya recombine kandi bigatwarwa, mubisanzwe bikuraho polarisiyasi hamwe na polarike ya ohmic. Ibi bigabanya umuvuduko wimbere wa bateri, bituma urwego rukurikiraho rwumuriro uhoraho kugirango ugende neza kandi utume bateri yakira amafaranga menshi. Imisemburo yigihe gito itanga bateri igihe gihagije cyo kubyitwaramo, kugabanya ihindagurika rya gaze no kuzamura igipimo cyumuriro wa batiri.
Kwishyurwa kwa pulse birashobora kunoza kwishyuza bateri no gusohora neza, kubika igihe cyo kwishyuza, no kongera igihe cya bateri, ariko ibintu bimwe bigomba kubahirizwa.
Kubera ko bateri ya lithium - ion yishingikiriza cyane cyane ku gusubiranamo kwa ioni ya lithium muri cathode, anode, na electrolyte mugihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora, kongera umuvuduko wa ion hamwe na coefficient de diffuzione ni ngombwa kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kuzigama igihe cyo kwishyuza no kunoza imikorere yo kwishyuza. Igipimo cyo kwishyuza kidakwiye cyangwa kugabanywa ntibizananirwa kugera ku ntego wifuza gusa ahubwo bizihutisha gusaza kwa batiri. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 11-2, urwego rwo hejuru rwo kwishyuza, nubushobozi buke bwo kwishyurwa.
Isesengura riranga amashanyarazi ryerekana ko igipimo cyo kwishyuza za batiri ya lithium - ion zigarukira cyane cyane ku kigero cyo gukwirakwiza ioni ya lithium n'ibiranga ibikoresho byiza bya electrode. Ukoresheje ikigereranyo (11 - 3), ikigereranyo cya lithium-ion ikwirakwizwa.
Muri formula, CL igereranya lithium - ion yibanze; x yerekana intera ikwirakwizwa; t byerekana igihe cyo gukwirakwiza; na DLi byerekana lithium - coefficient ya ion.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko bateri ya lithium - ion yerekana ibihe bibiri byo gusaza byihuse mugihe cyo gupima cycle:
1) Igihe cyo gushinga firime ya SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interphase), inzira itwara igice cya ioni ya lithium iboneka kugirango ikore firime ya SEI hejuru ya electrode.
2) Iyo buri cyiciro kirangiye, kurwanya kwimuka kwa lithium ion mugice cyamazi imbere muri bateri ni bito, mugihe coefficient de diffuzione mugice gikomeye ari nto. Kubwibyo, niba amashanyarazi yumuriro ari manini cyane kurangiza kwishyuza, umubare munini wa ioni ya lithium uzibanda hejuru ya electrode, ibyo bikaba byoroshye ko habaho ibyuma bya lithium kandi bikagabanya ibirimo ioni ya lithium.
Ishirwaho rya firime ya SEI igira ingaruka zikomeye mubuzima bwa bateri. Niba firime nziza ya SEI idashobora gushingwa, nubwo bateri ishobora kuba ifite umuriro mwinshi / gusohora nubushobozi bukoreshwa mugihe cyambere cyo kwishyuza / gusohora, ubushobozi buzagabanuka cyane hamwe no kwiyongera kwizunguruka, cyane cyane muburyo buke - muburyo bwo kwishyuza pulse. Kubwibyo, lithium - igihombo cya ion murwego rwa mbere ntakwirindwa. Ariko, ikigezweho mugihe cyo kwishyuza pulse ntigomba kuba hejuru cyane. Umuvuduko ukabije uzatera firime ya SEI itaringaniye, kwiyongera kwa firime ya SEI byihuse, no kwiyongera cyane muburwanya, kugabanya umubare wa ion zikoreshwa kandi biganisha ku gutakaza ubushobozi.
Amashanyarazi ya pulse akoresha cyane cyane kuruhuka kwishyurwa cyangwa gusubira inyuma kugirango akureho polarisiyasi mugihe cyo kwishyuza. Polarisation ifitanye isano rya hafi nubwoko bwa bateri, inzira yo gukora, nibintu bifatika, kandi itandukaniro ryayo riragoye. Hamwe nogukomeza kunoza tekinoroji ya bateri, polarisiyasi yagenzuwe neza. Kubwibyo, ibyiza byuburyo busanzwe bwo kwishyuza ntabwo bigaragara. Birakenewe guhuza ibipimo bifatika biranga ibipimo nyabyo - kugenzura igihe no guhindura amplitude hamwe ninzinguzingo yumuriro wa pulse kugirango bateri ikore neza {{5} mode uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho ubwenge bwasobanuwe nyuma.
Reflex ™ Uburyo bwo Kwishyuza Byihuse
Uburyo bwo kwishyuza bwihuse bwa ReflexTM ni tekinoroji yemewe muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika, mu ikubitiro yashizweho mbere na mbere yo kwishyuza nikel - bateri ya kadmium. Ubu buryo bwo kwishyuza bugabanya ikibazo cyo kwibuka cya nikel - bateri ya kadmium, bityo bikagabanya cyane igihe cyo kwishyuza byihuse. Ugereranije nuburyo bwo kwishyuza pulse, ikintu kinini kiranga uburyo bwo kwishyuza bwihuse bwa ReflexTM nukwongeramo impanuka mbi. Uburyo bwayo bukoresha ingaruka "barrière" itangwa na pulse mbi kugirango ikureho ibibyimba biva hejuru ya electrode mugihe cyo kubyitwaramo, bigabanya izamuka ryubushyuhe no kwiyongera kwimbere imbere mugihe cyo kwishyuza bateri. Ibi bituma ingufu z'amashanyarazi zihinduka ingufu za chimique muri bateri uko bishoboka kwose, bifasha kurandura polarisiyasi yibiterwa no gukwirakwira buhoro, kuzamura igipimo cyimikoreshereze yibikoresho bikora muri bateri, bityo bikongera umubare wamafaranga -.
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 11-6, uruziga rumwe rukora rwuburyo bwo kwishyuza bwihuse bwa ReflexTM burimo ibyiciro bitatu: impanuka yo kwishyuza imbere, impanuka ihita isohoka, hamwe no guhagarara mukwishyuza kubungabunga. Igikorwa cyimbere yo kwishyuza pulse nugutanga icyiza cya amplitude pulse kugirango yishyure bateri; imikorere ya rezo ihita isohora pulse nugukora ion ya electrolyte ikwirakwira cyane kugirango itinde polarisiyasi yimbere muri bateri, bityo bizamura imikorere yumuriro kandi byongere ubuzima bwa bateri; imikorere yicyiciro cyo guhagarika kwishyuza ni ugutuma ioni ya electrolyte ikwirakwira cyane kandi ikagabanya ibintu bya polarisiyasi, bityo bikazamura imikorere yumuriro no kongera igihe cya bateri.
Uburyo Bwigihe Bwigihe cyo Kwishyuza Uburyo
Uburyo bwo guhinduranya burigihe burigihe bwo kwishyuza bushingiye kumashanyarazi ahoraho no kwishyuza pulse, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 11 - 7. Ikiranga ni uko igice gihoraho cyo kwishyuza cyasimbujwe na voltage-ntarengwa ihindagurika ihindagurika igice cyigihe cyo kwishyuza. Mubyiciro byambere byo kwishyuza, impinduka zigihe gito zigihe cyo kwishyuza zikoreshwa kugirango harebwe uburyo bwo kwishyuza hejuru kandi ubone ubwinshi bwamafaranga yishyurwa.
Mugihe cyanyuma cyo kwishyuza, icyiciro cyo guhora cyumubyigano gihoraho gikoreshwa kugirango ubone amafaranga arenze kandi usubize bateri muburyo bwuzuye. Muguhagarika rimwe na rimwe kwishyuza, ogisijeni na hydrogène byakozwe na reaction ya chimique muri bateri bifite igihe cyo kongera kwiyunga no kubyinjizamo, mubisanzwe bikuraho polarisiyasi hamwe na polarike ya ohmic. Ibi bigabanya umuvuduko wimbere wa bateri, bituma urwego rukurikiraho rwumuriro uhoraho kugirango ugende neza kandi utume bateri yakira amashanyarazi menshi.
Ukurikije uburyo bwo kwishyuza burigihe burigihe bwo kwishyuza, hashyizweho uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho voltage ihindagurika, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 11-8. Itandukaniro riri hagati yimihindagurikire yumubyigano hamwe nimpinduka zigihe cyigihe cyo kwishyuza ni uko icyiciro cya mbere atari igihe cyigihe gihoraho, ahubwo ni voltage ihoraho.
Ugereranije Ishusho 11-7 na 11-8, urashobora kubona ko Igicapo 11-8 cerekana neza umurongo mwiza wo kwishyuza. Muri buri cyiciro cyo kwishyiriraho ingufu za voltage, bitewe nubushakashatsi bwama voltage ihoraho, amashanyarazi asanzwe agabanuka kuburyo bugaragara, bihuye nibiranga ko amashanyarazi yemewe ashobora kugabanuka buhoro buhoro mugihe cyo kwishyuza.
Umuvuduko Uhindagurika, Impinduka Zigezweho Wave - Ubwoko Hagati yigihe cyiza kandi kibi Zeru - Uburyo bwihuse bwo kwishyuza
Gukomatanya ibyiza byo kwishyuza pulse, Reflex charge kwishyuza byihuse, guhinduranya ibintu byigihe gito, hamwe na voltage ihindagurika rimwe na rimwe, voltage ihindagurika, ihindagurika ryumuvuduko - ubwoko bwiza na bubi zero - pulse mugihe gito cyo kwishyuza byihuse kandi byashyizwe mubikorwa. Igenzura ryumuzunguruko wa pulse muri rusange riri mubice bibiri:
1) Amplitude yumuvuduko wa pulse irahinduka, mugihe inshuro yikimenyetso cya PWM (power PWM) yagenwe.
2) Amplitude yumuvuduko wa pulse uhoraho, mugihe inshuro yikimenyetso cya PWM irashobora guhinduka.
Igicapo 11-9 gikoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura butandukanye nibi byombi: byombi impanuka ya pulse ya amplitude hamwe ninshuro yikimenyetso cya PWM irashizweho, mugihe urwego rwa PWM rushobora guhinduka. Mugushyiramo icyiciro kimwe cyo kwishyuza / guhagarika icyiciro, amafaranga menshi arashobora kuboneka mugihe gito, bikazamura ubushobozi bwo kwakira bateri.
Buri buryo bwo kwishyuza bufite ibyiza byabwo hamwe nurwego rwo gusaba. Nyamara, hamwe nogukoresha cyane ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, ibyifuzo byumuvuduko wo kwishyuza biriyongera, bigatuma havuka amashanyarazi yubwenge. Kwishyuza ubwenge bigamije cyane cyane kwishyuza bateri cyangwa kugera kubushobozi bwagenwe mugihe gito. Ibi bigerwaho muguhindura agaciro kagezweho ukurikije uko bateri ishinzwe (SOC) na leta yubuzima (SOH), bigatuma igihe cyo kwishyuza cyagereranywa nigihe cyo gusiga ibinyabiziga gakondo.
Kwishyuza ubwenge byitabiriwe n'abantu benshi. Abashakashatsi ku isi hose bibanda cyane ku bushakashatsi ku ngamba zo kugenzura kwishyuza kugira ngo bongere igipimo cyo kwishyuza mu gihe bakomeza gukoresha igihe cya batiri. Ibi na byo, byongera imbaraga no kwemerwa kwimodoka zamashanyarazi.
