Nabaye muriyi nganda imyaka cumi n'ibiri, kandi mvugishije ukuri, bayobora batiri ya lithium hanze nta kamaro kubyemezo byamasoko bifatika. CC - Amahame ya CV, imipaka yubushyuhe, 80% yishyurwa rike ... urashobora kubisanga byose kuri kaminuza ya Battery. Ntampamvu yo kubisubiramo.
Icyo nshaka kuganira uyumunsi nibibazo bitanga amatsinda yamasoko kubabara umutwe:Nigute ushobora guhitamo ubushobozi, uburyo bwo guhuza charger, niki ishoramari ryumvikana, nigihe uzabona ROI.Nta bisubizo bisanzwe, ariko ndashobora gusangira amakuru nyayo ava mumishinga yacu namakosa twakoze munzira.
Amateka yihuse: Ndi injeniyeri usaba kuri [izina ryisosiyete yahinduwe kugirango nirinde kumera nka advertorial], cyane cyane nkora imishinga yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi munganda muburasirazuba no mubushinwa. Mfite uburambe buke mubihe byubukonje bukabije mumajyaruguru, ibyifuzo byanjye rero ntibishobora gukurikizwa niba ukoresha ububiko bwa firigo muri Harbin.
Guhitamo Ubushobozi: Biragoye Kurenza Ibyo Utekereza
Ikibazo gikunze kuboneka ni "400Ah irahagije?" Ntabwo nshobora gusubiza muburyo butaziguye kuko "bihagije" biterwa nibihinduka byinshi.
Banza ukoreshe ingufu za buri munsi. Ntusibe ibi.
Imikoreshereze ya buri munsi (kWh)=Impuzandengo yingufu (kwat) × Amasaha yo gukora (h) factor Impamvu zipakurura
Ibintu bitwara ibintu biterwa nakazi keza: inshingano zoroheje 0.3 ~ 0.4, hagati 0.5 ~ 0,6, uburemere 0.7 ~ 0.8. Abantu benshi babitiranya bakoresheje amasaha yingufu zagenwe, zitanga imibare 30% + hejuru yukuri.
Urugero:Toni 2 yumuriro wamashanyarazi, imbaraga zapimwe 8kW, ikora amasaha 10 kumunsi, umutwaro wo hagati.
Imikoreshereze ya buri munsi=8 × 10 × 0.55=44 kWt
Muri sisitemu ya 48V, 44kWh ihwanye na 920Ah. Kubera ko udakwiye gusohora munsi ya 20%, ubushobozi bukoreshwa ni 80%, bivuze ko ukeneye hafi 1150Ah kugirango unyuze kumunsi kumafaranga umwe.
Ariko ibyo nibitekerezo gusa.
Mu mishinga ifatika, nasanze itandukaniro riri hagati yo kubara no gukoresha nyabyo akenshi ni 15% ~ 25%. Impamvu ziratandukanye: ingeso zabakoresha, ahahanamye, guhindagurika kwimizigo, imikoreshereze ya HVAC ... Icyifuzo cyanjye rero:ongeramo 20% buffer nyuma yo kubara agaciro ka theoretical, cyangwa gukodesha ibice bike ukwezi kwukuri - kwipimisha isi mbere.
Ese binini buri gihe ni byiza? Ntabwo ari ngombwa.
Umwaka ushize, umukiriya yabaze 50kWh yo gukoresha buri munsi ariko akomeza gutsimbarara kugura bateri 1500Ah kuko "dushobora gukura ntituzakenera kuyisimbuza nyuma." Byagenze bite?
Ikibazo 1
Bateri nini yongeyeho 60kg, ihatira forklift gukora kubushobozi buke bwagabanutse
Ikibazo 2
Imbaraga za charger zagombaga kuzamurwa uko bikwiye, hiyongereyeho amafaranga yo kwagura ibikorwa remezo byamashanyarazi
Ikibazo 3
Umubare wubucuruzi ntiwigeze wiyongera. Batare yamaraga umwanya munini ireremba hagati ya 30% ~ 60% SOC, mubyukuri byihutisha gusaza
Igitekerezo cyanjye:Niba ubucuruzi bugezweho butajegajega, hitamo ubushobozi bujyanye nibyo ukeneye (agaciro ka theoretical + 20% buffer). Niba bidahagije mumyaka itatu kugeza kuri itanu, simbuza noneho. Ibi birashobora kuba ubukungu kuruta kurenza imbere. Ikoranabuhanga rya bateri riratera imbere byihuse. "Ubushobozi buhanitse" wishyura premium uyumunsi birashobora kuba ibicuruzwa - igiciro mumyaka itanu.
Nibyo, iki ni igitekerezo cyanjye gusa. Niba ufite bije, umwanya uremera, kandi ufite ikizere cyo gukura, kugura binini nabyo ntabwo ari bibi.
Ibiciro byerekana ibishushanyo bisanzwe
Amakuru akurikira ava mumishinga yacu 2024 ~ 2025 muburasirazuba bwubushinwa, cyane cyane kubatanze CATL na EVE. Ibiciro bihinduka buri gihembwe, bityo amagambo yawe ashobora gutandukana.
| Hindura | Igiciro cya Bateri | Amashanyarazi | Ibikorwa Remezo | Koresha Urubanza |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 500Ah Ibisanzwe | ¥48,000 | ¥9,000 | ¥3,000 | Guhindura umwe,<25kWh/day |
| 700Ah Yongerewe imbaraga | ¥65,000 | ¥12,000 | ¥3,500 | 1.5 guhinduranya, 25 ~ 35kWh / kumunsi |
| 1000Ah Kinini | ¥92,000 | ¥16,000 | ¥6,000 | Guhindura kabiri, 35 ~ 50kWh / kumunsi |
| 500Ah × 2 Swap | ¥96,000 | ¥9,000 | ¥8,000 | Ntabwo bisabwa keretse igice cya batiri gikosowe |
- Ibikorwa Remezo birimo kwishyiriraho sitasiyo, insinga, kuzamura paneli
- Ntabwo ikubiyemo kwagura ingufu z'amashanyarazi, zitandukanye cyane kuva 0 kugeza 100k +
- Ibikoresho bya swap bisaba ibikoresho bya swap byiyongera hamwe nakazi; igihe kirekire kidasanzwe - ijambo
Guhitamo Amashanyarazi: Aho Ibibazo Byinshi Bibaho
Batteri yatoranijwe, fata gusa charger? Iri ni ikosa risanzwe. Hafi ya 30% yimanza zatsinzwe nakemuye ni charger - bijyanye.
Guhuza ingufu za voltage ntabwo byoroshye
Batteri zose zanditseho "48V" zirashobora kugira amashanyarazi atandukanye yo guhagarika:
| Ubwoko bwa Bateri | Ingirabuzimafatizo | Guhagarika Akagari | Kurangiza gupakira |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCM Ternary | 13S | 4.2V | 54.6V |
| LFP (Fosifate y'icyuma) | 15S | 3.65V | 54.75V |
| LFP (Fosifate y'icyuma) | 16S | 3.65V | 58.4V |
Amashanyarazi ya 15S na 16S LFP NTIBISANZWE. Nabonye abakiriya bagerageza kuzigama amafaranga ukoresheje charger ya 15S kuri bateri 16S. Igisubizo: ntuzigera wishyuza 85% SOC. Inyuma ni mbi cyane: charger ya 16S kuri bateri 15S itera kwishyurwa birenze.
Buri gihe ugenzure umubare w'akagari mugihe cyo gutanga amasoko. Nominal voltage yonyine ntabwo ihagije.
Porotokole y'itumanaho mubyukuri ni akajagari
Mubyigisho, chargers hamwe na CAN itumanaho irashobora gukorana na BMS mugihe nyacyo -, igahindura muburyo bwo guhindura ibipimo bishingiye kumiterere ya bateri. Mu myitozo:
Ababikora batandukanye bakoresha porogaramu zitandukanye. CAN 2.0 yerekana gusa urwego rwumubiri. Ibibera hejuru nibyo umucuruzi - byihariye.
Ibihe nahuye nabyo:
- Ikirangantego Bateri ifite charger ya Brand B: CAN umugozi uhujwe, ariko guhana ukuboko birananirana. Yarangije kuyikoresha nka "charger ibiragi"
- Utanga isoko avuga "GB / T 27930 birahuye," ariko ibikorwa byibanze bikora. Amabwiriza yaguye adashyigikiwe rwose
- Uruganda rukora bateri rwanze gusangira inyandiko za protocole, ruvuga "amabanga yubucuruzi"
Igitekerezo cyanjye:
Niba udashaka kubabara umutwe, gura bateri na charger biva kumurongo umwe, cyangwa ubone garanti yanditse yo guhuza hamwe na raporo zitangwa nabaguzi. Amafaranga uzigama kugura ukwayo ntashobora kwishyura ikiguzi cyo gukemura nyuma.
Ibyo byavuzwe, niba ufite injeniyeri zamashanyarazi zishobora gukemura protocole ubwayo, kugura bitandukanye birashobora kuzigama 15% ~ 20%.
Nigute ushobora guhitamo igiciro
Ndabazwa byinshi, dore rero igisubizo cyanjye gihuriweho:
| Urugero | Igipimo cyasabwe | Inyandiko |
|---|---|---|
| Guhinduranya rimwe, 8+ amasaha ijoro ryose kwishyuza idirishya | 0.3C~0.5C | Kwishyuza buhoro ni byoroshye kuri bateri |
| Guhindura inshuro ebyiri, kwishyuza saa sita nijoro | 0.5C~0.8C | Kuringaniza hagati yumuvuduko no kuramba |
| Inshuro eshatu zihoraho, gusa icyuho kigufi | 1C | Amahirwe yo kwishyuza ibintu |
| Ibihe byihutirwa | 1.5C | Rimwe na rimwe gukoresha gusa, ntabwo ari imyitozo isanzwe |
Kwishyuza byihuse hejuru ya 1C byihutisha kwangirika kwa bateri, ariko mubyukuri bingana iki? Tuvugishije ukuri,inganda ntizigeze zumvikana. Bamwe mubakora laboratoire yerekana itandukaniro rito, ariko mubikorwa byacu twabonye hafi 1% ~ 1.5% byangirika buri mwaka kuri 1C ihamye na 0.5C. Ingano yicyitegererezo iracyari mike; fata ibi nkibisobanuro gusa.
ROI: Ntugashukwe numubare mwiza
Batiyeri ya lithium kumurongo ROI isesengura akenshi isa neza: kwishyura amezi 28 yo kwishyura, uzigame X amafaranga mumyaka 5 ... Kugerageza, ariko imishinga ifatika gake igera kubiteganijwe byuzuye.
Dore urubanza nyarwo, harimo ibitaragenze neza
2023, ububiko bwibikoresho byo murugo mubushinwa bwamajyepfo, 40 bigera kumamodoka ahindura aside - acide kuri lithium. Ibarura ryacu - kubara umushinga:
Isonga yumwimerere - Amashanyarazi ya Acide Yumwaka
| Ingingo | Igiciro cyumwaka (¥) |
|---|---|
| Guta agaciro kwa Bateri (ubuzima bwimyaka 3) | 480,000 |
| Gucana inyuma ya batiri | 480,000 |
| Batteri yo guhindura umushahara w'abakozi (abantu 2) | 168,000 |
| Kubungabunga Bateri | 42,000 |
| Gukodesha icyumba cya Batiri (40m²) | 48,000 |
| Igiteranyo | 1.218.000 / umwaka |
Litiyumu Igisubizo cya buri mwaka (Biteganijwe)
| Ingingo | Igiciro cyumwaka (¥) |
|---|---|
| Guta agaciro kwa Bateri (ubuzima bwimyaka 8) | 310,000 |
| Gukuramo bateri zikenewe | 0 |
| Abakozi ba swap bateri bakeneye | 0 |
| Amafaranga yo gufata neza | 8,000 |
| Igiteranyo | 318.000 / umwaka |
Ibyabaye mu byukuri:
Ukwezi 8:
Yavumbuwe 5 forklifts yari ifite ubukana bwimikoreshereze irenze kure ibyateganijwe (sisitemu yo gushimangira abashoferi yabiteye). Izo bateri zagabanutse kugera kuri 82% ukwezi kwa 14, byikubye kabiri nkuko byari byateganijwe
Ukwezi 11:
Guhinduranya nijoro umushahara mushya ntabwo wunvise protocole, wacometse mububiko bukonje - mbere yo gushyushya pack. 2 paki za batiri zari zifunze BMS.
Ukwezi 16:
Imashini imwe ya charger yananiwe. Tegereza iminsi 28 kubice byatumijwe hanze. Iyo forklift yagabanutse hafi ukwezi
Ukwezi 20:
Isubiramo ryerekanye ko kuzigama ibiciro byari hafi 25% munsi yibiteganijwe, ahanini bitewe n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi ndetse n’ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bitagera ku ntego zikoreshwa
Kwishura nyabyo: amezi 23,Amezi 9 kurenza uko byari biteganijwe 14.
Uyu mubyukuri wari umushinga mwiza. Nabonye nabi: ibicuruzwa bitunguranye bigabanuka gusiga ibikoresho bidafite akazi, cyangwa ibibazo bya bateri yubuziranenge bisaba gusubira mu ruganda ...
Icyo mvuga ni:
Utanga ROI kubara mubisanzwe nibyiza - ibintu byerekana. Iyubake bije yawe kuri 70% byateganijwe. Niba 70% agukorera, umushinga birashoboka.
Kwishyuza ubukonje: Ibitekerezo byihariye kububiko bukonje
Nta kwishyuza munsi ya dogere 0 nubumenyi bwibanze sinzabisobanura neza. Icyo nshaka kuganira nikibazo gifatika kubintu bikonje bikonje:Mugihe kingana iki nyuma yuko bateri ivuye mububiko bukonje mbere yuko yishyuza?
Nta gisubizo rusange, kuko ubushyuhe - hejuru umuvuduko biterwa na:
- Ubwinshi bwa Batteri (100kg vs 300kg itanga itandukaniro rinini)
- Ibikoresho (aluminium itwara ubushyuhe vuba kuruta plastiki)
- Ubushyuhe bwibidukikije no guhumeka
- Niba sisitemu yo gushyushya ikora
Twagerageje bateri 400Ah / 220kg (ibanga ryihariye ryibanga) tuvuye kuri dogere 18 kugeza kuri dogere 25 mubidukikije:
| Igihe | Ubushuhe | Ubuso bwa Temp | Kwishyurwa? |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0min | Impamyabumenyi | Impamyabumenyi | ✗ |
| 60min | Impamyabumenyi | Impamyabumenyi | ✗ |
| 120min | Impamyabumenyi | +8 impamyabumenyi | ✗ |
| 180min | +1 impamyabumenyi | +16 impamyabumenyi | . (Kwegera imbibi) |
| 210min | +5 impamyabumenyi | +19 impamyabumenyi | ✓ (gahoro gahoro OK) |
Icyitonderwa: Core temp kuva sensor imbere, temp hejuru ikoresheje IR ya termometero
Reba itandukaniro riri hagati yubushyuhe nubuso.Abantu benshi bakora kuri bateri, batekereza "ntibikonje," ariko imbere birashobora kuba munsi yubukonje. BMS mubisanzwe isoma ubushyuhe bwibanze, bityo ukabona "ubushyuhe hanze ariko ntuzishyuza" ibintu. Ubu ni uburinzi busanzwe. Ntukirengagize.
Sisitemu yo gushyushya ikwiye gushyirwaho?
Module ya BMS ifite ubushobozi bwo gushyushya wongereho hafi ¥ 4000 ~ ¥ 6,000 (biratandukanye cyane nibirango). Birakwiye?
Amategeko yanjye:
Niba ibikoresho byawe byinjiye kandi bisohoka mububiko bukonje inshuro zirenze ebyiri kumunsi, shyiramo. Niba rimwe na rimwe, ntukore.
Hamwe no gushyushya, shyushya - hejuru umwanya ugabanuka kuva kumasaha 3 ~ 4 kugeza kuminota 30 ~ 40. Kuri ¥ 80 / isaha yo gukora, kuzigama amasaha 2 kumunsi bivuze ¥ 160. Mugihe cyitumba (iminsi 120), iyo ni 19,200 yakijijwe. Kwishura ishoramari hafi amezi 3.
Ariko niba ibikoresho bidakunze kwinjira mububiko bukonje, ntugire ikibazo. Urashobora gukoresha ibisubizo bike - ibisubizo byikoranabuhanga: shiraho "ubushyuhe - hejuru" hejuru yubushyuhe bwicyumba, uhagarareyo igice cyisaha mugihe bateri itera impanuka ikonje mbere yo kwishyuza. Ntibyoroshye, ariko kubuntu.
Ibibazo Ntabwo nigeze mbimenya
Aha, ndashaka kuvugisha ukuri ibibazo bimwe simfite ibisubizo byuzuye kuri:
1.Ni ubuhe buzima nyabwo bwa bateri ya LFP?
Inganda zikora zikunze kwerekana 3000 ~ 6000 cycle, zimwe ndetse 8000. Ariko ibyo ni laboratoire ya laboratoire: ubushyuhe bwa dogere 25 burigihe, 0.5C yishyuza / gusohora, 80% DoD. Ibidukikije nyabyo bifite ubushyuhe buhindagurika, igipimo cyamafaranga adahindagurika, DoD akenshi irenga 80% ... Nihe ijanisha ryamakuru ya laboratoire risobanura ubuzima nyabwo -? Umushinga muremure - umushinga ukurikiranwa ni imyaka 5 gusa, ingano yicyitegererezo ntabwo ihagije. Ntushobora gutanga imyanzuro yizewe.
2. Ese kwishyuza amahirwe mubyukuri bigabanya igihe cyo kubaho?
Mubyukuri, bateri ya lithium ibara inzinguzingo, bityo kwishyuza amahirwe ntibigomba gutera iyangirika ryinshi. Ariko ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekana ko ukuzenguruka gukabije kwihuta gukura kwa SEI ... Academia iracyabiganiraho. Ibyo navuga byose biva muburambe bwumushinga dufite,ntabwo twabonye ingaruka mbi zigaragara kugeza ubu.
3. Isoko rya batiri ya lithium yakoreshejwe izatera imbere ite?
Kugeza ubu nta soko rya kabiri rikuze rya batiri ya lithium yinganda. Batteri yasezeye ijya kumwanya wa kabiri - gusaba ubuzima cyangwa gusubiramo. Ariko nkuko umurongo wa mbere munini wa batiri ya lithium yinganda itangiye gusezera, iri soko rishobora kuvuka. Niba ikoreshwa rya batiri ya lithium igurwa 30% yizindi nshyashya mumyaka itanu, ingamba zo kwishyura premium ya bateri ndende - ubu ikeneye gusubirwamo.
Ntabwo mfite ibisubizo by'ibi bibazo. Gusa kubashyiraho ibendera kugirango ushireho ukutamenya gushidikanya mugihe kirekire -.
Ibitekerezo byanyuma
Niba ukora ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwo kugura batiri ya lithium, ibyifuzo byanjye:
- Banza wumve ibyo ukeneye mbere: Imikoreshereze ya buri munsi, kwishyuza Windows, ibidukikije bikora. Gupima cyangwa kubara wenyine; ntukizere byimazeyo ibibanza byo kugurisha
- Shaka amagambo yatanzwe 2 ~ 3: Gereranya ntabwo ibiciro gusa, ahubwo ibyifuzo byiboneza, amagambo ya garanti, na nyuma ya - igisubizo cyagurishijwe
- Saba kimwe - imanza zinganda: Nibyiza niba ushobora gusura kurubuga - hanyuma ukavugana nabakoresha mubyukuri ibyabayeho
- Kugabanya ibipimo bya ROI kuri 30%: Umubare wabatanga mubisanzwe nibyiza - urubanza. Witange margin
Niba ufite ibibazo byihariye byo kuganira, siga igitekerezo. Nzabasubiza iyo mbabonye. Ibibazo byerekeranye nibisobanuro byihariye cyangwa ibisobanuro sinzasubiza kumugaragaro; ohereza ubutumwa bwihariye.
Ibitekerezo byerekanwe byerekana uburambe ku giti cyawe gusa kandi ntabwo bigize inama zamasoko. Amakuru yaturutse mu 2024 ~ 2025 Imishinga y'Ubushinwa; utundi turere dushobora gutandukana.
