Nigute ushobora kugereranya uko amafaranga yishyurwa?
Ikigereranyo cya SOC
Imiterere yumuriro (SOC) ya bateri nimwe mubintu byingenzi mugihe cyo gukoresha bateri. Kuberako SOC yibasiwe nibintu nko kwishyuza / gusohora (kurubu), ubushyuhe, kwikorera -, no gusaza, bateri zigaragaza umurongo mwinshi mugihe cyo gukoresha, bigatuma igereranya rya SOC rigoye.
Uburyo bwo kugereranya SOC
Bikunze gukoreshwaUburyo bwo kugereranya SOCshyiramo uburyo bwo kugerageza gusohora, ampere - uburyo bwo guhuza amasaha, fungura uburyo - uburyo bwa voltage yumuzunguruko, uburyo bwo gutwara imizigo, uburyo bwo kurwanya imbere, uburyo bwo guhuza imiyoboro, nuburyo bwo kuyungurura Kalman.
1) Gusohora uburyo bwo kugerageza. Uburyo bwo kugerageza gusohora nuburyo bwizewe bwo kugereranya SOC. Ikoresha imiyoboro ihoraho kugirango ikomeze isohore, kandi nibicuruzwa byasohotse nigihe nigihe gisigaye. Uburyo bwo kugerageza gusohora bukoreshwa kenshi muri laboratoire kandi burakoreshwa kuri bateri zose, ariko ifite ibibi bibiri byingenzi: icya mbere, bisaba igihe kinini; icya kabiri, imikorere ya bateri igomba guhagarikwa. Uburyo bwo kugerageza gusohora ntibukwiriye ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bigenda, ariko birashobora gukoreshwa mukubungabunga bateri yimodoka.
2) Ampere - uburyo bwo guhuza amasaha. Ampere - uburyo bwo guhuza amasaha nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane bwo kugereranya SOC. Nyamara, ubu buryo bufite ibibazo bikurikira: ntabwo aribyoibipimo bigezwehobiganisha kuri SOC kubara, kandi amakosa arundanya mugihe kandi akaba manini; kwishyuza - gusohora imikorere ya bateri igomba gutekerezwa; amakosa ni manini murwego rwo hejuru - imiterere yubushyuhe cyangwa iyo bateri ihindagurika cyane. Ibipimo byubu bidahwitse birashobora gukemurwa ukoresheje - imikorere yimikorere ya sensor, ariko igiciro kiriyongera; gukemura amafaranga - gusohora neza bisaba kumenya umubare munini wamakuru yubushakashatsi no gushyiraho formulaire yingirakamaro yo kwishyurwa - gukora neza. Uburyo bwa ampere - bwo guhuza amasaha burashobora gukoreshwa kuri bateri zose zamashanyarazi. Niba ibipimo biriho ari ukuri kandi hari amakuru ahagije yo kugereranya ibanza, birashobora kuba uburyo bworoshye kandi bwizewe bwo kugereranya SOC.
3) Fungura - uburyo bwo kuzenguruka amashanyarazi. Gufungura - voltage yumuzunguruko wa bateri kurangiza gusohora yegereye ingufu za bateri. Imbaraga za electromotive ya bateri ya cobalt - aside ni umurimo wo kwibanda kuri electrolyte, igabanuka ugereranije nogusohora bateri, bityo voltage - yumuzunguruko irashobora gukoreshwa mukugereranya SOC. Umurongo ufunguye - voltage yumuzunguruko nubusabane bwa SOC kuri bateri ya MH / Ni na litiro - bateri ya ion ntabwo ari nziza nkubwa bateri ya cobalt - acide, ariko umubano wabo urashobora gukomeza gukoreshwa mukugereranya SOC, cyane cyane nibisubizo byiza mugitangira no kurangiza kwishyuza. Ikibazo gikomeye cyuburyo bukinguye - uburyo bwa voltage yumuzunguruko ni uko bateri ikeneye kuruhuka umwanya muremure kugirango ihagarike ingufu za voltage, kandi bisaba amasaha menshi cyangwa amasaha arenga icumi kugirango leta ya bateri isubire mubikorwa bikomeze, bitera ingorane zimwe na zimwe mugupima; kumenya igihe cyo kuruhuka nabyo ni ikibazo, ubwo buryo rero iyo bukoreshejwe bwonyine bubereye ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi muri leta ihagaze. Gufungura - uburyo bwa voltage yumuzunguruko bifite imikorere myiza yo kugereranya SOC mugitangira no kurangiza kwishyuza kandi ikoreshwa kenshi muburyo bwa ampere - uburyo bwo guhuza amasaha.
4) Kuramo uburyo bwa voltage. Mugihe cyo gusohora ako kanya, voltage ihinduka byihuse kuva kumugaragaro - umuzenguruko wumuzunguruko kugeza kumitwaro ya voltage. Iyo imashanyarazi ya batiri ikomeza guhoraho, uburyo bwo gutwara voltage ihindagurika hamwe na SOC isa niyifungura - voltage yumuzunguruko hamwe na SOC. Ibyiza byuburyo bwa voltage yuburyo ni uko bushobora kugereranya SOC yapaki ya bateri mugihe nyacyo kandi ikagira ibisubizo byiza mugihe gihoraho -. Mubikorwa bifatika, amashanyarazi ya bateri yumushoferi azana ingorane zo gukoresha voltage yumutwaro. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, imibare yimibare ya bateri yumubyigano, imbaraga zigenga imbaraga za voltage, na SOC irakenewe; kubwibyo, uburyo bwo gutwara imizigo ntibikunze gukoreshwa kubinyabiziga nyabyo ariko akenshi bikoreshwa nkigipimo cyo kwishyuza bateri - guhagarika ibicuruzwa.
5) Uburyo bwo Kurwanya Imbere. Imbere ya bateri irwanya igabanijwemo AC imbere yo kurwanya imbere hamwe na DC imbere, byombi bifitanye isano ya hafi na SOC (Leta ishinzwe). Impanuka ya Bateri ni imikorere yo kohereza hagati yumubyigano wa batiri nubu, impinduka igoye igereranya imbaraga za bateri kurwanya AC, kandi igapimwa hakoreshejwe metero ya AC impedance. Batteri AC inzitizi yibasiwe cyane nubushyuhe; niba kubipima kumugaragaro - kumuzunguruko nyuma ya bateri imaze gushira cyangwa mugihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora ntibivugwaho rumwe kandi ntibikunze gukoreshwa mumodoka nyayo. Imbere ya DC irwanya imbaraga za bateri kurwanira DC, bingana nikigereranyo cyimpinduka zumubyigano wa batiri nimpinduka zumuriro mugihe gito cyane. Mubipimo nyabyo, bateri irishyurwa cyangwa isohorwa kumuyoboro uhoraho utangirira kumugaragaro -; itandukaniro riri hagati yumutwaro wumuvuduko no gufungura - umuzunguruko wumuzunguruko mugihe kimwe, ugabanijwe nagaciro keza, ni DC imbere. Kuri bateri ya - acide, DC imbere irwanya cyane kwiyongera mugihe cyanyuma cyo gusohora kandi irashobora gukoreshwa mukugereranya bateri SOC; DC imbere yo kurwanya imbere ya bateri ya MH / Ni na lithium - bateri ya ion itandukanye niy'amashanyarazi ya - acide kandi ntabwo ikoreshwa cyane. Ubunini bwa DC imbere irwanya ingaruka zigihe cyo kubara. Niba igihe kigufi ari 10m, gusa ohmic imbere irashobora kugaragara; niba igihe ari kirekire, kurwanya imbere biba bigoye. Gupima neza kurwanya imbere kwakagari kamwe biragoye, ibyo bikaba ari inenge yuburyo DC irwanya imbere. Uburyo bwo kurwanya imbere burakwiriye kugereranya uko amafaranga yishyurwa (SOC) ya bateri mugihe cyanyuma cyo gusohora kandi irashobora gukoreshwa hamwe nuburyo bwa ampere - bwo guhuza.
6) Uburyo bw'urusobe rw'imitsi. Batare ni sisitemu idafite umurongo cyane, kandi biragoye gushyiraho imibare nyayo yimibare kubyo yishyurwa - uburyo bwo gusohora. Imiyoboro ya Neural ifite ibyingenzi bidafite umurongo, imiterere ibangikanye, hamwe nubushobozi bwo kwiga. Barashobora kubyara umusaruro ujyanye nibyishimo byo hanze bityo bakigana ibiranga ingufu za batiri kugereranya SOC. Umuyoboro usanzwe wa 3-urwego rusanzwe rukoreshwa mukugereranya bateri SOC: umubare wa neuron winjiza nibisohoka ugenwa nibibazo nyirizina bisabwa kandi mubisanzwe ni umurongo umwe; umubare wa neuron murwego rwihishe biterwa nuburyo bugoye bwikibazo hamwe nisesengura risabwa. Ibisanzwe bikoreshwa muburyo bwo kugereranya bateri SOC harimo voltage, ikigezweho, ubushobozi bwo gusohora ibintu, ubushyuhe, kurwanya imbere, hamwe nubushyuhe bwibidukikije. Niba guhitamo imiyoboro ihindura imiyoboro ikwiye kandi niba umubare wibihinduka ukwiye bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye kuri moderi n'umutwaro wo kubara. Uburyo bw'urusobe rw'imitsi bukoreshwa kuri bateri zitandukanye, ariko imbogamizi ni uko bisaba umubare munini w'amakuru yerekanwe mu mahugurwa, kandi ikosa ryo kugereranya ryibasiwe cyane namakuru yo guhugura hamwe nuburyo bwo guhugura.
7) Uburyo bwo kuyungurura Kalman. Igitekerezo cyibanze cya Kalman muyunguruzi ni ugukora igereranya ryiza rya sisitemu ya dinamike muburyo butandukanye. Iyo ikoreshejwe kuri bateri SOC igereranya, bateri ifatwa nka sisitemu ikora kandi SOC nimwe mubihugu byimbere. Ubushakashatsi ku buryo bwo kuyungurura Kalman bwo kugereranya bateri SOC yatangiye gusa mumyaka yashize. Ubu buryo bukwiranye na bateri zitandukanye kandi, ugereranije nubundi buryo, burakwiriye cyane cyane kugereranya SOC kugereranya ibipaki yimodoka yamashanyarazi hamwe nihindagurika ryinshi. Ntabwo itanga igereranyo cya SOC gusa ahubwo inatanga ikosa ryo kugereranya rya SOC. Nyamara, ibibi byubu buryo nuko algorithm igoye cyane kandi isaba ubushobozi bwo kubara buhanitse bwa sisitemu, bityo ikaba itaragera mubikorwa bifatika.
Binyuze muri - ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kuburyo butandukanye bwo kugereranya SOC, uburyo bwo guhuza ampere - bwambere bwatoranijwe nkibanze. Mugupima neza amashanyarazi ya batiri, uhujwe nuburyo bwa - uburyo bwa voltage yumuzunguruko no gutekereza kubintu nkumuriro wa batiri - gusohora neza, ubushyuhe, gusaza, no kwikorera -, gucunga neza ingufu za batiri y amashanyarazi yimodoka nziza. Ku binyabiziga bifite amashanyarazi meza, ipaki ya batiri ahanini ikora muburyo bwuzuye - hamwe nuburyo bwuzuye - bwo gusohora, hamwe nuburyo bwinshi bwo kwishyuza burigihe -. Nyuma yo kwishyuza birangiye, harikintu gihamye cyambere cyo kugena agaciro (iyo kwishyuza birangiye, SOC ni 100% cyangwa birenze urugero). Niba amafaranga - asohora neza ya paki ya batiri ari menshi cyane (hejuru ya 95%), amafaranga - yo gusohora arashobora kugereranywa nka 1 cyangwa angana nagaciro gahoraho. Gukoresha ubu buryo bwo kubara SOC birashobora kugera kubisubizo byiza. Ikosa ryegeranijwe rya buri kwishyurwa - ukwezi gusohora kurandurwa ahanini iyo kwishyurwa gukurikira kurangiye hamwe no gusubiramo agaciro kambere SOC.
Mugukora ibipimo bihanitse - ibipimo byuzuye bya voltage ya batiri, ibyubu, nubushuhe bwamakuru kugirango hamenyekane neza niba SOC igereranya; mugushiraho moderi ikora neza binyuze mubisesengura no guhuza amakuru yubushakashatsi; mugukosora SOC kurangiza kwishyurwa no gusohora kugirango ikureho amakosa ya SOC yakusanyije; kandi usuzumye amafaranga ya batiri - ibintu bisohora ibintu, ubushyuhe, gusaza, hamwe na - ingaruka zo gusohora, hejuru - kugereranya neza sisitemu SOC iragerwaho. Imiterere ya bateri - ya - igereranya ryamafaranga igereranya algorithm irerekanwa mumashusho 17-12.
(1) SOC uburyo bwambere bwo kubara agaciroAgaciro kambere ka SOC kaboneka mugwiza SOC yabitswe kububasha - kuzimya na SOC yabonetse mubushyuhe - OCV - Imbonerahamwe ya SOC hamwe na coefficient ijyanye na sisitemu mugihe cya interineti. SOC agaciro kambere igomba gusomwa burigihe sisitemu ikora.
(2) Kubara selile ya SOC kugiti cye no gukosora agaciro kamwe ka selile SOC ishingiye ku gaciro ka SOHUbushobozi bwa bateri buboneka mugushakisha kumeza ukoresheje ubushyuhe no kwishyuza amashanyarazi, kandi ubushobozi bwa bateri burakosorwa ureba kumeza ukoresheje SOH. Ibiriho byahujwe hakoreshejwe ampere - uburyo bwisaha hanyuma bigabanywa nubushobozi bwo kubona agaciro ka SOC. Guhindura SOC agaciro kongerewe kubiciro byambere kugirango ubone selile ya SOC kugiti cye.
(3) Kubara ipaki ya batiri SOCNiba sisitemu yongeye gukoreshwa, soma SOC agaciro kambere ifatwa nkibikoresho bya batiri SOC; niba muburyo bwo gusohora, ipaki ya batiri SOC isoma agaciro ntarengwa muri selile imwe ya SOC; niba muburyo bwo kwishyuza no kwishyuza bitarangiye, ipaki ya batiri SOC isoma module ntarengwa ya SOC; niba muburyo bwo kwishyuza no kwishyuza birangiye, ipaki ya batiri SOC yashyizwe kuri 1.
(4)Akagari ka SOC kugorora uburyo bwo gukosora / kurangizaNiba sisitemu iri muburyo bwo kwishyuza kandi ipaki ya batiri SOC irenze 0.8, sisitemu isobanurwa nkaho iri kurangiza kwishyuza; niba sisitemu iri muburyo bwo gusohora kandi ipaki ya batiri SOC iri munsi ya 0.3, sisitemu isobanurwa nkaho iri kurangiza gusohora. Niba sisitemu iri kurangiza kwishyurwa / gusohora, SOC igomba gukosorwa. Uburyo bwo kubara SOC kurangiza kwishyuza / gusohora ni ukubona agaciro ka SOC ureba hejuru kumeza ukoresheje ubushyuhe, kwishyuza / gusohora amashanyarazi, na voltage.
