Niki LiFePO4 muri bateri ya lithium ??
Intangiriro kuri Lithium Iron Fosifate Ibikoresho
Litiyumu ya fosifate (formula ya molekuline LiFePO₄, fosifate ya lithium fer, LFP, izwi kandi nka lithium fer fosifate cyangwa ferrous lithium fosifate) ni ibikoresho bya cathode bikoreshwa muri bateri ya litiro - ion. Ibiranga ni uko idafite ibintu by'agaciro nka cobalt cyangwa nikel, igiciro fatizo kiri hasi; na karubone, lithium, na fer ni byinshi mubutaka bwisi, bushobora guhaza isoko rya toni zirenga miriyoni kumwaka. Nkibikoresho bya cathode, fosifate ya lithium ifite fosifike ikora mu rugero ruciriritse (3.2 V), ubushobozi bwihariye (170 mA · h / g), imbaraga zisohora cyane, ubushobozi bwo kwishyuza byihuse, hamwe nubuzima burebure, hamwe nubutumburuke bwiza mubushyuhe bwo hejuru - hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru -.
Lithium fer fosifate kristal ni ubwoko bumwe bwimiterere ya olivine. Muri mineralogi, yitwa triphylite, ikomoka ku ijambo ry'ikigereki imizi tri na lylon. Amabuye y'agaciro, ibara rishobora kuba imvi, umutuku - umukara wijimye, umukara, cyangwa umukara, mugihe ibicuruzwa nyirizina ari umukara cyangwa imvi - umukara. Ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byamabuye y'agaciro birimo fosifate ya lithium, ariko urwego ruri hasi kandi ntirugera kurwego rwo gushyira mubikorwa. Litiyumu y'icyuma ya fosifati iri mu cyiciro cya fosifate, kandi imiterere rusange y’imiti igomba kuba LiMPO₄, aho M ishobora kuba icyuma icyo aricyo cyose, harimo Fe, Co, Mn, Ti, nibindi. Nyamara, kubintu bivanze nuburyo bwa olivine, fosifate ya lithium ntabwo yonyine ishobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho bya cathode muri bateri ya lithium - ion. Ukurikije ubumenyi buriho, hari na LiMnPO₄, LiMnFePO₄, LiVPO₄, LiCoPO₄, nibindi bikoresho byinshi.
Inkomoko y'ibikoresho bya lithium fer fosifate irashobora guhera mu 1996, igihe isosiyete y'itumanaho yo mu Buyapani NTT yavumbuye bwa mbere ko AMPO₄ (A ari icyuma cya alkali, M ni Co cyangwa Fe) ifite imiterere ya olivine, ihujwe na LiFeCoPO₄, ishobora gukoreshwa nka litiro - ion ya cathode. Nyuma yaho, byavumbuwe nitsinda ry’ubushakashatsi bwa Goodenough mu kigo cy’ikoranabuhanga cya Massachusetts muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, mu gihe cyiga ibijyanye n’ibikoresho, ko ibikoresho bya lisiyumu ya fosifate ifite ibintu bidasubirwaho bya lithium - ion (Li⁺) intercalation no gutandukana. Ku ya 23 Mata 1997, kaminuza ya Texas muri Austin yatanze ipatanti yiswe "Cathode ibikoresho bya batiri ya kabiri ya lithium ishobora kwishyurwa" (WO1997010541), ibyo bikaba byatangiye kwiharira ipatanti ku bikoresho bya fosifate ya lithium.
Gusohora icyarimwe olivine - ibikoresho bya cathode byubatswe na fosifate (LiMPO₄) byakozwe na Amerika n'Ubuyapani byashimishije abantu benshi, bituma ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, kandi biteza imbere byihuse inganda. Ugereranije na lithium gakondo - ion ya kabiri ya cathode ya cathode - spinel - yubatswe na lithium manganese oxyde (LiMn₂O₄) hamwe na - yubatswe na lisiyumu cobalt oxyde (LiCoO₂) - LiMPO₄ ifite ibikoresho byinshi kandi bihendutse bidafite ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije. By'umwihariko, umutekano wateye imbere cyane, utera inyungu nyinshi kubashakashatsi ninganda.
Dukurikije ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe mu myaka yashize, ibikoresho bya lithium fer fosifate bifite iriba - ryubatswe na olivine, kandi imiyoboro ya lithium - ion ikwirakwizwa n’ibikoresho gakondo bya cathode. Ibikoresho gakondo bya cathode byashyizwe kumurongo cyangwa bizunguruka, bituma lithium ion igenda yihuta hagati yimirongo cyangwa mumiyoboro minini, bityo igaha ibikoresho nibikorwa byiza byo gusohora. Ibinyuranye na byo, lithium - ion ikwirakwizwa mu bikoresho bya lithium fer fosifate ni kimwe -, bivuze ko muri kristu harimo "tunnel" gusa yo gukwirakwiza lithium - ion, bityo rero lithium - ion yo kwimuka iratinda kandi intera ikwirakwizwa ni ngufi. Cyane cyane murwego rwo hejuru - igipimo cyo gusohora, ioni ya lithium y'imbere ntishobora kwimuka mugihe cyagenwe, bikavamo polarisiyumu ikomeye.
Batteri irashobora guhimbwa ukoresheje ibikoresho bya lithium fer fosifate kugirango hamenyekane imyanzuro yavuzwe haruguru. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko gukoresha ubushobozi bwa lithium fer fosifate yuzuye ari bike cyane, kandi bateri ikabora vuba vuba mugihe cyamagare. Igicapo 2.1 cerekana imikorere yamagare ya lithium - ion igiceri c'igiceri cakozwe n'umwanditsi ukoresheje hydrothermally synthesize lithium fer fosifate (idafite karubone). Birashobora kugaragara ko nyuma yikigereranyo cya 15 cyogusohora-gusohora, ubushobozi bwa bateri bwangirika hejuru ya 20%. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho bya lithium fer fosifate ntabwo bikwiranye na sisitemu ya batiri ya lithium - ion.
Mu 2000, Hydro - Québec (H - Q), ikigo rusange cy’igihugu cya Kanada, ni cyo cyambere cyatanze ipatanti ku gutwikira fosifati ya lithium hamwe n’ibikoresho bitwara ibintu, harimo no gukoresha karuboni ku bikoresho bya fosifate ya litiro. Ibi byafashaga fosifate ya lithium kugera ku bushobozi bwihariye kandi ikongerera ubuzima bwizunguruka kugeza ku zirenga 2000. Ibi byaranze intangiriro yuburyo bwinganda za lithium fer fosifate nkibikoresho bya cathode.
