Batteri ya Litiyumu Ion Forklift: Imfashanyigisho yumuguzi wa Fleet kubiciro nyabyo, Kubungabunga neza, hamwe ningingo Ntamuntu usoma

Abayobora benshi kuriyi ngingo bafungura basobanura selile ya lithium. Niba urimo usoma ibi, usanzwe ubizi. Icyo mupima mubyukuri nukumenya niba bateri ya lithium ion forklift ikwiye kwimura flet ikora kuri aside - acide, ikamyo ikagenda mbere, nuburyo bwo kwemeza sheki kuri CFO wumvise "yishura" mbere. Icyo cyemezo kiza kumpinduka enye, kandi hafi yikiguzi cyose cyihishe hamwe ningaruka zose zishobora kwirindwa muriki cyiciro zigaruka kuri imwe murimwe.

Impinduka enye zerekana niba switch yishura

Niba bateri ya lithium ion forklift yumvikana kubikorwa byawe ntabwo ari ikibazo cyibicuruzwa. Ni ikibazo cyumwirondoro. Inyongeramusaruro enye zigenga ibizagerwaho: ni bangahe ukoresha, amasaha angahe buri mwaka buri kamyo ihindura uruziga, ubushyuhe bwumwanya ikoreramo, nubushobozi buke bwicara kumwanya wumuriro wawe. Shira iyo mibare ine kumeza mbere yuko ureba urupapuro rumwe, kuko bahitamo niba kwishyura bigwa mumyaka itatu cyangwa ntibigera bigera na gato.

 

Imikoreshereze ntarengwa yagabanutse, kandi nicyo cyerekezo abatanga isoko benshi bayobora hamwe: ibikorwa bimaze gukenerwa gukoreshwa cyane, mumajyaruguru yamasaha 2,500 kumwaka, mbere yuko imibare ikora, kandi uyumunsi amasaha atatu kugeza kuri ane yigihe cyamakamyo kumunsi arashobora gutanga umusaruro ushimishije kuri bateri ya lithium ion forklift, ahanini kubera ko kwishyuza ibyuma no gucunga ingufu bimaze gukura (Kwiyubakira ububiko).

 

Ibyo amagambo akwereka nibyo bito cyane mubiciro bifite akamaro. Ku giciro cyo hejuru, bateri ya lithium ion forklift igiciro gikunze kugwa hafi inshuro ebyiri kugeza kuri ebyiri - na - a - inshuro zigera kuri kimwe cya kabiri cyagereranywa na batiri acide -, nubwo byinshi bitandukanye cyane muburyo bwo guhitamo no guhitamo charger. Iyo premium igaragara ntabwo ariho icyemezo cyatsinzwe cyangwa cyatakaye. Ibiciro bitatu byerekana neza ibizavamo (ibikorwa remezo byamashanyarazi, aho bishyuza, hamwe nubwishingizi bwawe) ntibikunze kugaragara kuri cote rwose. Ibikurikira bigenda byemeza uburyo umuguzi ahura nabyo: ninde ugomba guhinduranya, ikiguzi nyacyo cyose gisa, niki "kubungabunga - kubuntu" gisiga bucece kumeza yawe, ninteruro eshanu zamasezerano zitandukanya gutangira neza nisomo rihenze.

Ninde mubyukuri inyungu, ninde utabifitemo inyungu

Igisubizo cyukuri kuri "dukwiye guhinduranya" nuko bateri ya lithium ion forklift yububiko bwinshi - ububiko bwimuka hafi yo guhitamo mbere, mugihe kubikorwa bimwe - byimuka bikora ikamyo amasaha atanu kumunsi imibare irashobora kugibwaho impaka. Kugabanya amato ukoresheje cycle byikubitiro buri gihe, kandi niho hantu hambere uwaguhaye isoko agomba kugusubiza inyuma aho kwikubita agashyi.

Kuri bitatu - gukwirakwiza ikigo, urubanza rurakomeye kandi ntiruvuguruzanya. Kurongora - acide ihatira guhindura - hanze ya gahunda (icyumba cyo guhinduranya, bateri zisigara, gukonjesha - kumadirishya), kandi buri munota wabyo ni umurimo udatanga umusaruro. Litiyumu ion forklift ya bateri yishyurwa mugihe cyo kuruhuka ihinduka rimaze kubamo, kubwibyo kongera umusaruro ntabwo ari theoretical; ni ugukuraho swap ubwayo. Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'inganda ROI, imibare yavuzwe cyane mu murenge aho kuba ku mucuruzi uwo ari we wese, isubiza ko ikamyo ikora - ikora mu gihe kigera ku myaka itatu iyo ikora amasaha agera ku 3.000 buri mwaka, ifashwa n’ingufu - inyungu mu karere ka 40% hejuru ya aside -.

Iyo mibare itatu - yumwaka ihinduka byihuse kuruta abaguzi benshi babitekereza. Koresha li imwe - ion forklift bateri kuri shift imwe hanyuma ikiruhuko - niyo ishobora kurambura imyaka itanu ishize; urwego ruto kandi umurwa mukuru urashobora kwinjiza byinshi ahandi hose rwose. Ububiko bukonje bwongeramo ubwabwo: lithium yihanganira imbeho neza muri serivisi, ariko imyitwarire yo kwishyuza hamwe no gushyushya ibicuruzwa bigomba gutomorwa nkana, ntabwo byafashwe. Abacuruzi benshi ntibazitanga ni uko amato avanze akenshi ari igisubizo cyukuri, hamwe na lithium ku makamyo akomeye - ikora kandi ikayobora aside - asigara aho isanzwe ikorera. Kanda igitutu - gerageza kuruhuka - ndetse no muburyo bwawe bwo guhinduranya, bigereranye namasaha yawe nyayo mugihe cyabigeneweamashanyarazi ya forklift bateri ROI na TCO isesengura, kuberako uburyo bwihariye bwo guhinduranya kubara, ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, nimbaraga ziboneka mubyukuri ikaramu hanze ni igice cyasohotse cyo kwishyura ntigishobora kukubwira.

Imirongo itatu yabuze muri moderi nyinshi za TCO

Baza abaguzi icumi kubiciro byose byo kugereranya nyirubwite kandi icyenda izaguha imbonerahamwe yigiciro cya batiri, igiciro cya charger, nigiciro cyingufu. Litiyumu ion forklift bateri TCO yubatswe kuri iyo mirongo itatu gusa ntabwo yuzuye muburyo bushobora gucecekesha kuzigama. Imirongo itatu isanzwe ibura.

Iya mbere ni amafaranga yishyurwa. Amashanyarazi menshi ya forklift yihuta akenera 480V atatu - serivisi yicyiciro (Gutanga Urunigi), no gushushanya amashanyarazi hejuru ya banki yabyo birashobora gutuma ikigo gikenera cyane hejuru yibisanzwe. Ukurikije inganda zisanzwe, impanuro - zishobora kwishyurwa zishobora kugera kuri 40 kugeza kuri 60% yumushinga w’amashanyarazi y’ubucuruzi, bityo imyanya icumi 60kW yishyuza, hafi 600kW yumutwaro uhujwe, irashobora kuzamura ikibanza cyose gisabwa, ntabwo ari ikintu cyumurongo wa forklift gusa. Gukosora birakwiye kwerekana mugihe ugeze kuri bateri ya lithium ion forklift yububiko bwinshi - ububiko bwimuka: imicungire yumutwaro uremereye, aho charger zisangira ibicuruzwa byose byafashwe aho kugirango bikurure icyarimwe icyarimwe. Aha kandi niho amahirwe yo kwishyuza yinjiza cyangwa yataye agaciro. Kwiyongera mugihe cyo kuruhuka byishyura gusa mugihe igipimo cyamafaranga kigumye mumwanya wa bateri yoroheje, kandi ugasunika amahirwe yo kwishyurwa kumapaki ya lithium ya forklift ku gipimo kinini cyane C - kugirango wogoshe iminota bishobora gutera ikibazo cyinshi kandi nkuko igice gikurikira kibigaragaza, ikibazo cya garanti.

Umurongo wa kabiri wabuze ni agace karimo ubwonyine. Kode yumuriro kandi, bigenda byiyongera, abishingizi bategereje ko umuriro wimbere muri bateri ya lithium forklift yatandukanijwe hanyuma umuriro - ugashyirwa ku rutonde: kurukuta rwinyuma aho rufatika, hamwe nurukuta hamwe nintebe ziteranijwe. Nicyo kiguzi cyubwubatsi, kandi kiri mubigereranyo byumurwa mukuru, ntabwo byavumbuwe mugihe cyo gusuzuma gahunda. Imiterere ya logique (gusiba, guhagarika, aho ibintu byubushyuhe bishobora kandi ntibishobora gukwirakwira) bikubiye mubuyobozi bwacuforklift yumuriro wumuriro no kwishyuza design- igishushanyo mbonera.

Icya gatatu ni ubwishingizi bwawe, kandi ni abaguzi hafi ya bose. Abatwara ibintu barimo kuvugurura ibyago byabo byo kubika lithium no kwishyuza mbere, kandi rimwe na rimwe birenze, kode yaho. Kohereza byujuje marshal yumuriro birashobora gutuma habaho ubwishingizi cyangwa ubwishingizi buhebuje bwatanzwe numwishingizi. Shyira mu buryo bweruye: igiciro cyose cya porogaramu ya batiri ya lithium ion forklift ikubiyemo icyo umutwara wawe yemeje ko igura, kandi icyo kiganiro ni icyambere mbere yuko amakamyo ahagera, atari nyuma.

Niki "kubungabunga - ubuntu" mubyukuri bisiga ku isahani yawe

Mubisabwa byose muriki cyiciro, "kubungabunga - ubuntu" nicyo gikwiye kubazwa. Nukuri muburyo bugufi kandi buyobya mugari. Litiyumu ya forklift ibisabwa byo gufata neza ntabwo ari zeru. Nibitandukanye, kandi byoroshye, kandi imirimo yahinduye imiterere gusa.

Ibyo bateri ya lithium ion forklift ikuraho mubyukuri nukuri: nta kuvomera, nta kwishyuza kuringaniza, nta aside, nta cyumba cya batiri cyabugenewe cyo guhumeka. Ibicecekeye guceceka ni bigufi ariko bitari - urutonde rwubusa. Amapaki agomba kubikwa hafi yuburyo bwishyurwa aho gusigara yuzuye cyangwa akamwa igihe kirekire. Ingirabuzimafatizo ziva muburinganire mugihe, kandi amafaranga yuzuye - yo gusohora hafi ya buri mezi atandatu asanzwe asobanurwa kugirango agaruke kumurongo, icyifuzo kigaragara mubitabo byabacuruzi ndetse no kumpapuro zibicuruzwa byerekana bateri nko kubungabunga - kubuntu. Amapine ya connexe yambara hamwe no gucomeka inshuro nyinshi, kandi iyo bakoze ibimenyetso akenshi bisa na bateri yapfuye aho kuba imibonano yambarwa. Imiterere yubuzima ikeneye kureba, hamwe no kugabanuka kwubushobozi bwo gusoma bifatwa nkumuburo hakiri kare. Gahunda iboneye kuriyi paki ntabwo "ntacyo"; ni disipuline yashyizwe mubikorwa byacuuburyo bwo kwishyuza bateri ya lithium forklift neza.

Hano hari umurima ukwiye kwitwa izina, kuko bisaba igihe cyo hasi kandi ugasuzumwa nabi nkumunaniro wa bateri. Iyo sisitemu yo gucunga paki hamwe nuwashinzwe kugenzura ikamyo batemeranya kuri bisi ya CAN (igihe cyateganijwe, ikosa rya "guhuza bateri", charger itazigera ivugana nabo), refleks igomba kwamagana bateri, mugihe nyirabayazana ari umuhuza w'itumanaho utarinze gukorerwa ibizunguruka byinjira buri munsi. Mubikorwa byacu byo kwishyira hamwe twemeza BMS - kugeza - ikamyo CAN protocole irwanya umugenzuzi wihariye mbere yo koherezwa, kubera ko hirya no hino ku mbuga nkuru y’amakamyo ya OEM hafatwa ukuboko kwa nyirarureshwa birasanzwe bihagije ku buryo dufata ibyemezo byanditse byemewe nkibisanzwe, ntabwo ari ubushake. Gukora neza rero ntabwo ari lithium ion forklift bateri idakenera kubungabungwa; ni uko kubungabunga byimutse, kuva muri hose na hydrometero kugirango uvuge - ya - indero yo kwishyuza, kuringaniza selile, no kugenzura umuhuza.

Kubijyanye no kwishyuza byumwihariko kuri bateri ya lithium ion forklift: kuruhande rwamato dushyigikiye, dukomeza amahirwe asanzwe yishyuza mugice giciriritse kiri munsi ya 1C, kandi tugashyira ibendera ikintu cyose cyegereye cyangwa kiri hejuru ya 1C kugirango byemezwe byanditse, kuko iyo bande yo hejuru niho hakurwaho garanti.

Imikorere yo kugoreka yunamye: gahunda yumwaka, ntabwo ibara ryizunguruka

Batiri ya LFP lithium ion forklift ikunze gupimwa kubihumbi 3000 kugeza 5.000 kuri 80% byubujyakuzimu, kandi iyo numero yumutwe niho kugereranya guhagarara. Igishushanyo gitwara bije yawe yo gusimbuza ihishe muburyo bwo kugabanuka, ntabwo iherezo ryayo.

Gutesha agaciro ntabwo ari umurongo. Inganda zinganda {{1} data amakuru yubuzima yerekana ko iriba - riyobowe na lithium ion forklift ya batiri ikunda gufata hejuru ya 80 ku ijana yubushobozi bwayo bwambere binyuze hafi ya 2500 kugeza 3.000 ya mbere, hanyuma igwa hasi cyane aho kugabanuka kugeza hasi. Kubategura amato ahinduka mugihe amafaranga asohotse mumuryango: ntabwo uteganya guteganya imisatsi yoroheje yumwaka ahubwo ni ikibaya gikurikirwa nigitare. Shushanya ikarita yikamyo yumwaka irwanya iyo mpinduka hanyuma ikaramu isimburwe mumwaka umurongo uhetamye, ntabwo umwaka garanti irangiye. Gukora neza bisobanura kumenya ibicuruzwa byawe bwite, kandi uburyo buri mubisesengura ryacuuburyo bwo kugera kuri 10, 000+ inzinguzingo ziva muri bateri ya forklift; birakwiye kwiruka mubikorwa byawe byukuri, kuberako umwaka wo guhinduranya ugenda ukurikirana ukizenguruka paki. Kwemererwa kuzamuka bititaye: lithium imaze kugira uruhare runini kandi ruzamuka mu nganda nshya - kwandikisha amakamyo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru n'Uburayi (IndexBox), igihe rero cyo gusimbuza nikibazo buri flet izahura nayo, ntabwo ari niche.

Kuvugurura ni uguhindura ibinyabiziga, ntabwo guhinduranya bateri

Ikintu gikomeye cyane umuguzi ashobora kutumva nabi kubijyanye na batiri ya lithium ion forklift batteri nuko atari, byemewe n'amategeko, guhinduranya bateri. Ku gikamyo kiringaniye ni uguhindura imodoka yinganda, kandi itandukaniro rifite amenyo.

Counterbalance forklifts ikoresha misa ya bateri mubice byubushobozi bwabo bwo guterura: isasu riremereye {{0} pack ipaki ya aside irubaka, ntabwo ari impanuka. Batiri ya lithium ion forklift irashobora gupima munsi ya 30 kugeza kuri 60 ku ijana, biratangaje kubwinshi bwingufu hamwe nikibazo cyo gutuza, kuko gukuraho iyo misa ihindura ubushobozi bwikamyo keretse iyo ballast yongeyeho. Mubikorwa byacu bwite byo gusubiramo dusubiza iyo ballast kumashusho yumwimerere yikamyo kandi tukemeza iyo moderi yihariye mbere yuko impapuro zose zitangwa, atari nyuma; amafaranga asabwa aratandukana mubyiciro byamakamyo kandi abarwa kuri moderi aho kugereranywa. Munsi ya ANSI / ITSDF B56.1 icyapa cyubushobozi kigomba kwerekana ikamyo nyirizina, kuko - ubushobozi bwo guterura, ibyo bikaba bitera ikibazo abaguzi benshi batigera batekereza kubaza: nyuma ya retrofit, ninde utanga isahani ivuguruye? Ntukemere igisubizo mu magambo. Shyira mu masezerano uwakoze umwimerere cyangwa injeniyeri wumwuga wujuje ibyangombwa atanga icyapa cyavuguruwe cyanditse; nikintu cya mbere umugenzuzi wa OSHA agenzura, kandi inshingano z'umutekano wapimwe imashini yicarana nuwabyemeje. Mugihe uhinduranya chimie kumamodoka arwanya impanuka wambutse kugirango uhindure imodoka yinganda zapimwe, kandi ballast - na - ikibazo cyicyapa gikenera nyiracyo witiriwe mbere yicyemezo; ubukanishi bwo guhuza paki nicyiciro cyamakamyo nicyo ikipe yacu ikora mugihe twubakabateri ya forblift ya batiri kuri kamyo ya kamyo.

Interuro eshanu kumanika mbere yo gusinya

Hafi ya buri kintu gitangaje gihenze hamwe na bateri ya lithium ion forklift yakumirwa murwego rwamasezerano hamwe nikibazo kimwe. Izi nizo eshanu zikwiye gushyira mu nyandiko, n'impamvu buriwese afite akamaro:

Utanga bateri ya UL 2580 yemejwe na bateri ya lithium ion forklift itanga ubushake bwo gukuraho garanti ikaguha numero Yurutonde, idakumiriwe, irakubwira byinshi kubijyanye no kwizerwa kuruta iyamamaza garanti icumi - yumwaka ushize amanga. Baza Urutonde nomero hanyuma wemeze igipimo cyacyo gikubiyemo paki yuzuye, ntabwo ari selile gusa.

Izi eshanu nizo zitangiriraho, ntabwo ari umurongo wanyuma: amagambo nyayo ya buri ngingo ahinduka kuva uwatanze isoko akajya kurindi, kandi bateri ya 48V ya lithium ion forklift yagenewe ikamyo igera itwara impirimbanyi zitandukanye hamwe na BMS kurenza 80V ipaki kumupaka uremereye, niyo mpamvu iboneza ari ikiganiro cya -, ntabwo ari katoranya. Iyo flet ivanze voltage ninshingano zinshingano, turapima paki, amagambo ya BMS, hamwe numwirondoro wamafaranga kuri porogaramu binyuzebateri yagizwe mumamodoka ya flet yawe; 48V ingero ya logique ikorwa muburyo bwacu48V 600Ah LiFePO4 amato - kuyobora.

Batare imwe, ububiko bumwe

Birakwiye kurangirira kuburyo bwo gutsindwa, kuko buvugurura buri munota wumusaruro wiruka. Urubanza rwakosowe mububiko rusobanura bateri ya lithium forklift yatwitse mugihe yishyuza ultra - charger yihuta; umuriro wakwirakwije umwotsi no kwanduza uduce twose twakonje, ibidukikije, hamwe nubukonje kimwe, imiterere mibi, gutondagura, kandi neza neza hejuru yinyubako, kandi kubera ko ikibanza cyakoraga amasaha yose isuku yagombaga guhaza kugaruka - kugeza kumasaha y'ibikorwa - hamwe numwishingizi icyarimwe (Itsinda rya Polygon).

Iyo fagitire yerekana amafaranga yose - kuzigama igihe paki yatanzwe.

Nuburemere nyabwo inyuma yingingo zose ziri hejuru. Icyifuzo - umurongo wishyuza, umuriro - wagenwe icyumba cyo kwishyuza, gukuraho garanti ku kwishyuza ubukana, LFP - na - NMC ikibazo: ntanumwe ari agasanduku -. Buri kimwe nicyemezo gito, gihenze gikomeza ikintu kinini, gihenze kutazigera kibaho. Iminota yo kumanura iyo bateri ya lithium ion forklift igukiza nukuri; nimpamvu yo kubisobanura neza. Hitamo amakamyo ukurikije ibihe byinshyi, ugure imirongo itatu yabuze TCO mubwizerwa, hanyuma ushire interuro eshanu mumasezerano, hanyuma uhindure akora ibyo ako gatabo yasezeranije, bucece, nta kibazo kibaye amakuru.

Ibibazo bisanzwe kubaguzi ba flet