Urukurikirane ruhuye na Batiri Ihuza: Ubuhanga bwa tekinike no kugura 2026

Ibigenda Mubyukuri ntabwo ari Wiring

Gukoresha insinga nigice cyoroshye. Ibyiza bibi bizamura voltage, ibyiza nibyiza bizamura ubushobozi, kandi amashanyarazi uwo ari we wese hasi yawe arashobora gukora gahunda neza mugihe cyambere. Niki gituma urukurikirane rujyanye na batiri ihuza ibyemezo byafashwe nkimbaraga zibitera ni uko inzira zombi zishobora gutanga kilowatt imwe - kumpapuro, kandi itandukaniro riri hagati yaryo ntirigaragara mugihe cyo gutangira. Iragaragara ahantu runaka mumwaka wa kabiri cyangwa umwaka wa gatatu, nkigihombo kidasobanutse cyigihe cyakoreshwa, paki ishaje vuba kurusha barumuna bayo, cyangwa BMS itangira kugenda munsi yumurimo yakoraga neza mugihe amato yari mashya.

Ukwo gutinda nikibazo cyose. Mugihe ibimenyetso bigaragaye, topologiya isudira mubikoresho, imiyoboro ya kabili iracibwa, charger ziragurwa, kandi ikiguzi cyo guhindura icyemezo ni flet - retrofit yagutse. Ikibazo cyingirakamaro rero ntabwo aricyo gikoresho cyongera voltage kandi cyongera ubushobozi. Nuburyo bugena ibikoresho byawe, uburyo bwawe bwo guhindura, hamwe nubushobozi bwawe bwo kubungabunga burashobora kubana nyuma yizunguruka ibihumbi bitatu.

Ibipimo bitanu bihinduka, na bitanu gusa

Mbere yo kujya ahantu hose bifite akamaro, birakwiye guhuza ibisobanuro bisanzwe mubintu ushobora gusikana rimwe hanyuma ukareka gusubiramo. Ibintu byose bikurikirana hamwe na parallel ya bateri ihuza ihinduka mubice bitanu.

Ingufu zose ziboneka zirasa muburyo bumwe kumubare umwe wapaki, niyo mpamvu imibare yonyine itazigera ikubwira icyo gukora. Imirongo ibiri yanyuma niho icyemezo kibera, kandi ni imirongo ibiri umuguzi - ahura nigereranya rya bateri hamwe nu nsinga zibangikanye zikunda gutanga - umuraba ushize. Kubara selile hamwe na chimie byashyizeho ibisigaye: platform ya 48V LiFePO4 igwa kuri selile cumi nagatanu kugeza kuri cumi nagatandatu zikurikiranye, birakwiye ko ubimenya mbere yuko utangira gutekereza kubijyanye nudupaki twicaye hafi yuwo mugozi. Niba ukomeje gukosora voltage ubwayo, voltage nubushobozi bwintego inyuma yipaki yabigenewe nicyemezo cyo hejuru.

Impamvu Umuvuduko Ukabije Mubisanzwe Utsindira Imbaraga Zitera

Kubijyanye no gukoresha ibikoresho nibinyabiziga byinganda, urukurikirane - igisubizo kiremereye nukuri kenshi na kenshi, kandi impamvu ni igihombo cyo gutwara aho kuba ikintu cyose kijyanye na bateri.

Imibare ikurikira ikomoka ku mibanire ibiri aho gupimirwa ku ntebe yikizamini, bityo rero igitekerezo kikaba gifite: ifata imbaraga zigezweho kandi zitangwa nkumubare uteganijwe, ifata kiyobora no kurwanya ihagarikwa nkibisanzwe, kandi ikirengagiza ingaruka ya kabiri - yubushyuhe ku kurwanya. Hashingiwe kuri ibyo, ingufu zikomoka ku muvuduko wa voltage hamwe nubu bivuze ko 9,6 kWt ikurura kuri 48V ikurura hafi 200A, mugihe 9,6 kW imwe kuri 24V ikurura hafi 400A. Umunzani wigihombo hamwe na kare yumuriro, bityo gukuba kabiri kumashanyarazi amwe yatanzwe hafi inshuro enye igihombo muri buri kiyobora, lug, umuhuza, hamwe nabafite fuse hagati yipaki na moteri. Himura umutwaro umwe uva kuri 48V ujya kuri 80V ya platform hanyuma ikagabanukaho hafi 40 ku ijana, ibyo bigabanya igihombo cyabayobora hafi bibiri - bitatu bya gatatu. Izo mbaraga ntizishira. Ihinduka ubushyuhe mugihe cyo kurangiza, niho rwose aho kurwanya guhuza gutura kandi bikura mugihe.

Ingaruka zifatika ntizishimishije kandi zihenze. Imiyoboro iremereye igura amafaranga menshi, ipima byinshi, kandi biragoye kunyura mu gice cya batiri gipima hafi ya gurş - amatafari ya aside. Abahuza bahindura imyambarire yo hejuru byihuse. Umuvuduko wa voltage munsi yumutwaro urumye mu buryo butaziguye: ku gikamyo kiringaniye, igabanuka rya voltage rifite akamaro mugihe cyo guterura ibiremereye risobanurwa mukuzamura gahoro, uwabikoresheje abibona nkuko ikamyo yumva irushye mbere yuko ikintu cyose cyandikwa nkikosa. Ninimpamvu nyamukuru ikurikirana hamwe na parallel ya batiri ihuza ya forklift na sisitemu ya AGV ikunda gukemura yerekeza kuruhande rwingufu zingana. Ni nayo mpamvu48V na 80V platform inyuma ya bateri yumuriro wa forkliftzubatswe hafi y'imirongo miremire aho kuba amabanki yagutse.

Hariho imipaka. Imirongo ikurikirana ibuzwa nicyo kugenzura ibikoresho, abahuza, hamwe na sisitemu yo kubitsa, hamwe nubutegetsi bwumutekano bukoreshwa hejuru yumuriro wa DC, kandi nukuba umugozi umwe usobanura ingingo imwe yo gutsindwa. Bikaba biganisha kubibazo ntamuntu uri muri uyu mwanya asubiza neza.

Ikibazo Ntamuntu Ushubije: Ushobora gupakira angahe?

Baza uwaguhaye isoko mubisanzwe uzabona umubare, bane, rimwe na rimwe umunani, nta bisobanuro bifatanye. Iyo mibare ikora imirimo ibiri icyarimwe: igice ni imipaka yubuhanga naho igice cya garanti. Kubifata nka fiziki iyo ari politiki, cyangwa nka politiki iyo ari physics, nuburyo amato arangira amabanki atigeze akora.

Tangira ukuraho urujijo rugaragara hafi ya buri ngingo kuriyi ngingo. Imibare yavuzwe cyane nabatanga selile nkibipimo byombi, itandukaniro rya voltage muri mV 10, itandukaniro ryimbere muri mΩ 5, itandukaniro ryubushobozi muri 20 mAh, sobanuragutandukanya selile kumurongomuguhitamo selile zijya mumupaki umwe. Ntabwo ari ikibanza cyo guhuza ibice bibiri byarangiye, kandi paki yuzuye ntizigera yicara muri mV 10 yundi nyuma yicyumweru muri serivisi. Gushyira mu bikorwa kwihanganira umusaruro ku nshingano za komisiyo niyo mpamvu amato amwe yanzura, yibeshye, guhuza ntibishoboka.

Umwanya ntarengwa ntabwo uhoraho na gato. Irabarwa, kandi kubara ni bigufi bihagije kugirango ukore kuri clip clip.

Shiramo amashanyarazi mugihe cyo guhuza bingana itandukaniro rya voltage hagati yumugozi winjira na bisi, bigabanijwe nuburwanya bwuzuye bwumuzingi. Kuberako kurwanywa kwose kugabanuka nkuko imirongo myinshi yongeweho, urubanza rubi rugenda rwiyongera hamwe na buri paki wongeyeho, niyo mpamvu rwose amanota agomba kugenzurwa nurubanza rubi aho kuba dosiye ebyiri - (Orion BMS).

Yakoranye numubare, kubipaki bibiri 48V 300Ah: fata hafi ya 15 mΩ yo kurwanya imbere muri buri paki na 5 mΩ kuruhande rwa cabling no kurangiza, utange hafi mΩ 35 hafi yumuzingi. Niba imbogamizi zihuza zari abahuza, vuga 300A inrush igipimo, itandukaniro ryemewe rya voltage ryaba hafi 10V, nigisubizo cyemewe kidafite akamaro. Inzitizi yo guhuza hafi ya bateri aho kuba: cap mutuelle kuri 0.2C, cyangwa 60A kumupaki 300Ah, kandi itandukaniro ryemewe ryamanutse kugera kuri 2V. Menya ko 0.2C ari intangiriro yo kubungabunga ibidukikije aho guhoraho, kimwe na 15 mΩ ni icyumba - igereranya ry'ubushyuhe. Igishushanyo ugomba gukoresha rwose gituruka ku ruganda ntarengwa rwo kwishyiriraho ibiciro byubushyuhe bwa paki yawe, kandi rugenda iyo ingano yipaki, insinga ikora, cyangwa umuhuza uhindutse.

Niki kiguha ikintu cyingirakamaro kuruta kurenga. Igihe gikurikira uwaguhaye isoko akuvuze imipaka ntarengwa, urashobora kubaza imwe murizo mbogamizi zombi zayibyaze umusaruro, hamwe niki kurwanya imbere, kugereranya abahuza, no kwishyuza - igipimo cyo hejuru. Umubare ukomoka kubara hejuru urashobora kurwanirwa. Umubare udashobora gukurikiranwa nimbogamizi ni imbibi za garanti wambaye imyenda yubuhanga.

Indi mipaka ibiri yicaye inyuma yimibare. Kuzenguruka umuyaga, bivuze ko ibintu bitemba hagati yipaki aho kuba mumuzigo, biterwa nuburyo butandukanye muburyo bwo kwishyuza, ubushyuhe, kurwanya imbere, hamwe nimyaka, birashobora kuba mubihe bikomeye birenze igipimo cyibikoresho byo kurinda bifite ubunini bwumutwaro gusa, kandi uruhande rwa DC - rugufi muri banki nini rugaburirwa numugozi umwe icyarimwe. Sisitemu yagutse ikeneye imiyoborere itandukanye: selile - urwego BMS imbere muri buri paki, urwego ruhuza hejuru yacyo, hamwe numurimo wo kugenzura uhitamo imirongo yitabira. Ntanubwo ashobora guhindurwa iyo banki imaze kwitwara nabi.

Ikosorwa rimwe kumurongo usanzwe, kuva rihindura ingano yimibare: kubangikanya ntabwo byongerera ubushobozi muburyo bwimibare. Ubushobozi bukoreshwa bugarukira kumurongo uwo ariwo wose ubanza kugera ku nshingano zawo cyangwa gusohora, bityo buri gice cyo kudahuza kiva mubushobozi bwa sisitemu nziza. Amapaki ane abangikanye aguha ikintu kiri munsi yipaki enye zingufu zikoreshwa, kandi icyuho kigenda cyiyongera uko imyaka igenda.

Imyitwarire munsi yibi byose irapimwa aho kuba amayobera. Shyushye - swap izenguruka muri sisitemu ya lithium ibangikanye yagereranijwe nuburyo bwurusobe - kandi byemejwe mubigeragezo mubice bitandatu kwijana ryapimwe (MDPIIbyuma bya elegitoroniki), hamwe nubu - kugabana imbaraga muburyo bubangikanye - paki zahujwe zirangwa muburyo burambuye mubitabo bigenzura ((arXiv icapiro 2211.04961). Menya kandi ko urukurikirane gusa - igice cya sisitemu gisaba kuringaniza ibikorwa. Utugingo ngengabuzima turinganiye bingana binyuze mu guhuza kwabo, niyo mpamvuimyitwarire iringanizana inter - umugozi uzenguruka ni ibibazo bibiri bitandukanye biganirwaho nkimwe.

Ibyo kubara hejuru ntibishobora kuguha ni indangagaciro zo kurwanya. Kurwanya imbere biratandukanye nuburyo bwimikorere, imyaka, nubushyuhe, kandi igishushanyo kiri kuri datasheet nigishushanyo gishya - selile kuri dogere 25. Turakomeza gupima ibipimo byo kurwanya imiterere twubaka hamwe, kandi duhuza ibyo kumurongo wihariye wakazi nigice cyibi kibaho mubiganiro aho kuba kuri clip clip.

Iyo umurongo umwe utsinze Igishushanyo cyose

Tuzajya impaka kuri banki yagutse cyane kuruta uko abakiriya babitekereza, birakwiye rero ko dushyira umwanya mubikorwa.

Mburabuzi Ibyatoranijwe muri sisitemu yububiko ni umurongo umwe wuruhererekane aho porogaramu ibyemerera. Nibintu byo hasi - ibiciro byigiciro, byoroshye gucunga, kandi bikuraho ibyiciro byose bya inter - ibibazo byumugozi byasobanuwe haruguru. Imirongo myinshi ibangikanye ifite ishingiro mugihe gito cyibihe: mugihe ubudahangarwa ari ikintu gikomeye gisabwa kuko ibikoresho ntibishobora kwemererwa guhagarara; iyo ubushyuhe - swap ubushobozi bukenewe, nko mubikorwa bidahagarara cyangwa bikomeza - ibikorwa byabantu; kandi iyo selile zonyine ziboneka muburyo bukenewe ziza pre - ziteranijwe mumirongo idashobora kugereranywa kurwego rwakagari.

Ibidasanzwe bigenda bisuzumwa kenshi ni ubwambere. Kugabanuka bifatwa kenshi aho gusobanurwa. Umuyobozi w'amato avuga ko ikamyo ihagarara hagati - ihinduka bitemewe, kandi irangiza ikenewe. Ariko banki ibangikanye itanga gusa ubudahangarwa niba sisitemu ishobora kumenya umugozi watsinzwe, kuyitandukanya, no gukomeza gukora kubushobozi buke, ibyo bikaba bisabwa kugenzura aho kuba insinga. Amashanyarazi yamashanyarazi aringaniye adafite ubwo bushobozi agura ibintu bigoye - inganda zikomeye zinganda zingana na bateri ihuza kandi ntanumwe uboneka. Hanze y'izi manza, banki nini isanzwe ikora akazi ko kugabanya ibicuruzwa aho guhitamo igishushanyo, kandi igomba kumenyekana nkiyi.

Hariho kandi ikiguzi gituje kidakunze kubarwa. Ihagarikwa ryinyongera ryongerera imbaraga, kandi banki yubatswe mumapaki menshi igwiza kurangiza vuba: gahunda enye - selile yonyine yerekana intera umunani ihuza abantu, buri wese agira uruhare mukurwanya kandi buri mukandida wo gutesha agaciro (Kaminuza ya Batiri BU-302). Gupima iyo logique kugeza kuri cumi na gatandatu - ipakira banki kandi ingengo yimishinga ihagarika kuba ikosa ryo kuzenguruka. Intego yacu yimbere kubwimpamvu zuzuye - ipaki yamashanyarazi ni ukurwanya rwose munsi ya mΩ 50, hamwe nu guhuza umuntu kugiti cya 0.5 kugeza kuri 2 mΩ, kandi amabanki yagutse atuma iyo ntego igenda igorana kuyifata.

Umwaka - Ibibazo bibiri

Ibintu byose byavuzwe haruguru bifata ko paki zihuye. Barimo, mugihe cyo kubyara. Igice hafi ya ntamuntu wandika nicyo kibaho nyuma yibyo.

Amapaki asiga iriba - agenzurwa numurongo wumusaruro uhujwe no kwihanganira gukabije gutandukana muri serivisi, kandi hafi umwaka wakazi nyawo urahagije kugirango ikwirakwizwa ribe mubikorwa. Ubushyuhe bwibidukikije buratandukana aho ikamyo ihagarara. Inshingano zinshingano ziratandukanye nuwashushanyije ikinyabiziga. Amahirwe yo kwishyurwa aratandukana. Igisubizo ni banki idafite imigozi itagishoboye kwicara kumurongo umwe cyangwa kurwanira imbere imbere, ihujwe ninzira yo hasi - yo kurwanya, iyo ikaba aribwo buryo nyabwo butanga ubwishyu burambye hagati yipaki.

Uburyo bwo kunanirwa ibi butanga ni ibintu bihagije kugirango bivuge mu buryo butaziguye: muri banki ibangikanye na banki, paki zikomeye zangirika vuba. Batwara ibintu byinshi byumutwaro kubera ko kurwanya kwabo ari muke, bakurura imiyoboro yumuzunguruko mugihe abandi bagabanutse, kandi bakarundanya ibicuruzwa kumuvuduko udupaki duto tutigera tugeraho. Ipaki waba watsinze byanze bikunze, kandi kubera ko banki ikomeza gutanga ingufu zikoreshwa mugihe cyose, ntakintu gitangaza ikibazo kugeza ubushobozi bumaze kugenda.

Iyi ni nayo mpamvu "kongeramo paki nshya muri banki" nimwe mu makosa akunze kugaragara mu murima tubona. Ipaki nshya yinjijwe muri banki yatwaye amezi cumi n'umunani ntabwo ari ukuzamura ubushobozi. Ni itandukaniro rinini rishobora gutandukana kurwego rwo hasi cyane - inzira yo guhangana, kandi ni muburyo bwo kubara inrush hejuru mbere yuko umuntu akora kumuntu. Niba paki igomba kongera gusubirwamo, uzane kumurongo ufunguye - voltage yumuzunguruko ubanza kuruhuka, hanyuma ukoreshe disipuline imwe yaba igice gishya cyangwa umugozi witaruye ugaruka kumurongo. Kurebaiherezo - ya - ibimenyetso byubuzima mumapaki ashajeibintu byinshi muri banki ibangikanye kuruta kumurongo umwe, mubyukuri kuberako banki ibahishe.

Imiterere nubushyuhe: Imbogamizi Inyuma ya Schematic

Topologiya yatoranijwe ku mpapuro iba ikintu gifatika, kandi ibintu bifatika bifite ubushyuhe bwa gradients.

Umwuka - paki zikonje zikoresha urukurikirane cyangwa inzira ihwanye ninzira yo guhumeka, kandi ijambo risobanura urujijo nijambo ryamashanyarazi mugihe usobanura ikintu gitandukanye rwose. Mu ruhererekane rw'imyuka yo mu kirere, umwuka winjira mu ruhande rumwe ugasohoka ku rundi, utwara ubushyuhe bwakuwe muri modul hakiri kare hanyuma bukabyara ubushyuhe bukwirakwira mu gipaki. Inzira ibangikanye inzira ihumeka ikirere hagati ya module kuburyo izamuka cyane, ifashe gukwirakwiza cyane. Module hagati yikigo ikusanya ubushyuhe; modules kumpera yamennye. Kubera ko kurwanya imbere nubushobozi byombi bitandukana nubushyuhe, imiterere yubushyuhe butaringaniye ikora ibintu bidahuye neza nigishushanyo cyawe cyamashanyarazi cyagerageje kwirinda. Iyo ni yo mpamvuimicungire yubushyuheni mubiganiro bya topologiya kuruta nyuma yabyo.

Amategeko abiri akurikizwa. Buri shami rifitanye isano rigomba kuba rigizwe nuruhererekane rusa, nta kurobanura, kubera ko amashami asimetrike yemeza ko azenguruka mbere yuko ipaki itangira gukoreshwa. Kandi umugozi muremure hagati yipaki ibangikanye hamwe na busbar isanzwe igomba kuba ingana, bityo inzira yo kurwanya inzira ntisobanura bucece igipapuro kimwe nkakazi. Byombi bihendutse kubona neza mugihe cyo gushushanya kandi ntibishoboka gukosorwa nyuma.

Ubushyuhe nabwo buhindura imibare wibwiraga ko ufite. Ibiryo - umukiriya wo gukwirakwiza muri Mexico akoresha paki yacu ya LiFePO4 pallet jack mububiko bukonje kugeza kuri dogere- 18, kandi paki zifata umusaruro nta gitonyanga kigaragara. Ariko kugabana kurubu hagati yimigozi ibangikanye kuri ubwo bushyuhe ntabwo yitwara nkuko ikora kuri dogere 25, kubera ko kurwanya imbere kuzamuka no kurwanya gukwirakwira hagati yipaki yaguka hamwe nayo. Igishushanyo cya 15 mΩ cyakoreshejwe mukubara mbere ni icyumba - ubushyuhe. Mu cyuma gikonjesha kirimo icyizere, kandi itandukaniro ryemewe rya voltage ryihuza rikomera bikurikije. Banki isangiye ibyemewe mububiko buvanze-ubushyuhe burashobora kugabana nabi mububiko bukonje.

Iboneza bitatu, Byakozwe Binyuze

Ibikurikira nuburyo butatu tubona kenshi, nuburyo urukurikirane na parallel ya batiri ihuza ikemura muri buri.

Igishushanyo muri ibyo uko ari bitatu ni kimwe: kugera ku ntego yingufu ukoresheje imiterere ya selile na voltage ya mbere, hanyuma ufate imirongo ibangikanye nkikintu cyemewe kubwimpamvu yihariye ikora aho kuba inzira isanzwe igana amasaha menshi amp -. Aho ibice bya geometrie bituma ibyo bidashoboka, imbogamizi igomba kwitwa nkimbogamizi mubisobanuro aho kwinjirira bucece mubishushanyo. Nuburyo kandi bwihuse bwo kumenya niba amoteri yingufu za batiriIrashobora kugera ku ntego idafite kubaka.

Kugaragaza Kubitanga

Icyerekezo cya topologiya kimaze gusobanuka, ibisobanuro wohereje bigena niba ubonye paki yakozwe kubikorwa byinshingano zawe cyangwa ikintu cya kataloge hamwe na voltage yawe kuri label. Inyandiko esheshatu zitanga itandukaniro:

• Ibikoresho nominal voltage hamwe nubugenzuzi bwemewe bwa voltage idirishya, ntabwo ari ishusho yizina gusa
• Igishushanyo mbonera cyerekana mugihe kiremereye cyane mukuzenguruka, nigihe cyacyo
• Ibipimo bya bateri nuburemere ntarengwa bwemewe
• Hindura uburyo hamwe nuburyo bwo kwishyuza Windows, harimo niba amahirwe yo kwishyurwa ateganijwe
• Gukoresha ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, hamwe nubukonje - kubika cyangwa kwerekana hanze byahamagaye neza
• Niba ibikoresho bishobora kwihanganira guhagarara byuzuye, bigena niba kurengerwa ari ikintu gisabwa cyangwa igitekerezo

Ibibazo ubajije inyuma bifite agaciro karenze ibisobanuro wohereje, kuko buri kimwe muyungurura ubwoko butandukanye bwabatanga. Kubaza icyo imipaka ntarengwa yavuzwe ishingiye ku gutandukanya abacuruzi babaze n'abayirazwe na datasheet. Kubaza icyo kurwanya imbere hamwe nu rutonde rwabahuza rwagiye muri iyo mibare bikubwira niba hari umuntu warebye ibikoresho byawe aho kuba ikibazo rusange. Kubaza uko imirongo ivugana, niba hari urwego ruhuza hejuru yipaki - urwego rwa BMS cyangwa udupaki twinshi dusangira bisi kandi twizeye, nuburyo bwihuse bwo kumenya niba utanga isoko yubatse sisitemu nyinshi - cyangwa yagurishije gusa. Kandi kubaza uburyo bwanditse bwo kongera kwerekana paki yitaruye bizakubwira niba barigeze bagomba gushyigikira imwe mumurima, kuko ubwo buryo bwandikwa gusa nyuma yambere bibaye bibi.

Turakoresha ibibazo bine kuri twe ubwacu mbere yo gusubiramo sisitemu nyinshi -, kandi imirongo yo kurwanya no kugarura ibintu byavuzwe haruguru nibyo inzira itanga. Kubona urukurikirane hamwe na parallel ya batiri ihuza neza kumurongo wihariye wakazi niho ako kazi kabera, nibyoIbikoresho byabugeneweni Kuri.

Ibibazo

Niba urimo gupima ibintu byinshi - sisitemu yo gupakira amato yihariye kandi ukaba ushaka ko iboneza risubirwamo mbere yuko bikorwa,vugana nitsinda ryacu ryubwubatsi.