Imfashanyigisho yimodoka ya Bateri Yumuguzi
Narebye umuyobozi ushinzwe amato muri Riyadh ajugunya bateri ya $ 180.000 ya gurş - acide nyuma y amezi 14. Ububiko bukonje, ibintu bitatu, ntibishobora gufata amafaranga munsi ya dogere 15. Sulfation yariye mu masahani. Ukwezi kwa 11 forklifts ye yacumbagiraga igice cya -.
Ngiyo 2019. Nafashije ibikorwa bye kuyobora LFP kuva icyo gihe. Umwaka wa gatanu ubungubu, 87% ubushobozi bwo kugumana kumapaki yumwimerere.
Urupapuro rwihariye
Amakosa menshi yamasoko mbona azanwa no kwirukana imibare itari yo. Umuntu wese akosora $ / kWt mugura. Nibyo wenda 35% mubyo uzakoresha mubyukuri.
Nzagera kuri TCO gusenyuka nyuma, ariko ubanza: guhuza selile. Nibihinduka byubwiza butigera bugaragara mubitabo byagurishijwe, kandi niho abatanga ibicuruzwa bagabanya inguni mugihe bakeneye gukubita igiciro.
Iyo tugenzuye abatanga isoko, kwihanganira selile nikibazo cyanjye cyambere. Ubwa mbere - inganda zikora zihuye na ± 2,5% nubushobozi bwimbere. Ni ukubera iki kurwanya imbere bifite akamaro kuruta ubushobozi bwa progaramu yo hejuru -? Kuberako iyo ufite selile zibangikanye nuburwanya budahuye, ikigezweho ntigicamo kabiri. Hasi - yo kurwanya selile ifata imitwaro myinshi, ishyuha vuba, ishaje vuba, kandi amaherezo ikurura paki yose hasi. MIT yanditse ko 20% bidahuye bigabanya ubuzima bwikurikiranya hafi 40% ku gipimo kinini cyo gusohora (sciencedirect.com).
Ngiyo imyaka yumurimo ubuzima burazimira kuko umuntu yazigamye $ 3 kuri selile muguhuza.
Sisitemu yo gutanga amanota ituma iba mbi. Nyuma yo kwishyuza, selile zitondekanya mu cyiciro A, B, C, D. Icyiciro A ni spec - yujuje ibishya kumurongo. Icyiciro B mubisanzwe Icyiciro A cyicaye mububiko amezi atatu kugeza kuri atandatu. Ibisobanuro bisa kumpapuro. Imikorere itandukanye.
Umuntu umwe utanga Shenzhen twagenzuye yari kuvanga selile 15% ya Grade B. Ubushobozi bumwe kumpapuro zabo. Amapaki yabo yananiwe 30% byihuse kurenza abanywanyi kumwanya umwe. Igihe nabazaga kwihanganira guhuza kwabo, rep yo kugurisha ntishobora kumpa numero. Ibyo byambwiye byose.
Igihe cyo gushiraho nacyo gifite akamaro, kandi ntamuntu ubajije. Gushiraho neza bikenera amafaranga yuzuye - gusohora cycle hiyongereyeho iminsi 15 yikiruhuko kugirango ureke inenge zitagaragara. Abatanga ibicuruzwa munsi yumuvuduko ukabije. Ingirabuzimafatizo zoherejwe neza. Inenge zigaragara mukwezi kwa 8 iyo urengeje urutoki - urwego rwo kwerekana.
BMS
Byihuse hano kuko buriwese ararenze ibi.
Inganda - kalibrasi: Urwego ruri munsi cyangwa rungana na 0.5% kuri sensing ya none. Imodoka: Ntibiri cyangwa bingana na 1%. Umuguzi: ninde ubizi.
Leta - ya - igereranya ryishyuza rihuza ibihe mugihe. Niba ibyiyumvo byawe byubu bigenda 2%, urahagarika hakiri kare cyangwa hejuru ya - gusohora. Ntanubwo agaragara mugupimisha kwemerwa. Byombi byica igihe cyawe mumezi 18-24.
Kuringaniza: imyanda ya pasiporo 5-10% nkubushyuhe, igura make. Gikora ihererekanya ingufu hagati ya selile kuri 95% + imikorere, yongeraho $ 15-30 kuri kilowati. Abatanga ibicuruzwa benshi bohereza pasiporo kuko abaguzi batazi gusaba gukora. Niba ukoresha amahirwe yo kwishyuza, kuringaniza ibikorwa byishyura mugihe cyimyaka ibiri.
Nibyo. Komeza.
Ubushyuhe
Nabuze kubara umubare wa lithium "gutsindwa" Nakoze iperereza byagaragaye ko ari ibibazo byo gucunga amashyuza.
Munsi ya dogere 0, ntuzishyure lithium. Ikiringo. Ubona ibyuma bya lithium bisize kuri anode aho guhuza neza. Ibyangiritse bidasubirwaho. Ibyago byumuriro biturutse kuri dendrite. Ububiko bukonje cyangwa imbeho yoherejwe hanze ikenera ubushyuhe hamwe na BMS yishyuza. Ntabwo nitaye kubyo urupapuro rwabashinzwe gutanga ruvuga kubyerekeye ibikorwa. Niba badashobora gusobanura hasi - kurinda ubushyuhe burambuye, genda.
Kurongora - aside ifite ibibazo bikonje bitandukanye. Munsi ya dogere 15, selile zuzuye ntizishobora kwakira amafaranga yuzuye. Urimo gukora kuri 60-70% mugihe wihuta sulfation. Umwe mu bayobozi ba flet yo muri Kanada nzi ko yakoreshaga $ 8,000 kumwaka mubyumba bishyushye. Ntabwo yigeze agaragara muburyo bwe bwa TCO kuko ntamuntu wabajije ubushyuhe bwibidukikije mugihe cyo kugurisha.
Impera ndende: LFP ikora dogere 60 mbere yuko ibintu biba bibi. NMC irakomeye, yenda dogere 55. Gutandukanya ubushyuhe butandukanye bugomba kuguma munsi ya dogere 5. Gukonjesha amazi arabikora ariko akongeraho ikiguzi no kubungabunga. Gukonjesha ikirere bikora niba uri munsi ya 2C ikomeza kandi ibidukikije biguma munsi ya dogere 35.
Mubyukuri, dore ikintu nakagombye kuvuga mugihe turi hejuru yubushyuhe. Urupapuro rukora rwerekana ko selile zitazahita zinanirwa. Ntabwo bivuze imikorere myiza. Igipapuro cyapimwe kuri dogere -20 kugeza kuri 60 kigiye gusaza vuba kurenza urugero. Twari dufite umukiriya muri Phoenix ukorera hanze AGVs zidashobora kumenya impamvu paki zabo zipfa kuri 60% byubuzima bwikigereranyo. Bahinduye ibikoresho byabo bicaye izuba ryinshi mugihe cyo kuruhuka cya sasita, bakubita dogere 50 + buri gihe. Muburyo bwa tekinike. Kwica ingirabuzimafatizo.
TCO
Nibyo, imibare. Ibi nabikuye mu mushinga wa Texas 3PL twakoze muri 2024. 50 Icyiciro cya I forklifts, bibiri - gahunda yo guhindura, isesengura ryimyaka 8:
| Kuyobora - Acide | LFP | |
|---|---|---|
| Kugura kwambere | $325,000 | $580,000 |
| Gusimbuza @ Umwaka wa 4 | $325,000 | - |
| Amashanyarazi (kwishyuza) | $142,000 | $98,000 |
| Kubungabunga imirimo | $87,000 | - |
| Ibikorwa remezo bya bateri | $45,000 | $12,000 |
| Zigenewe bateri zo gukwirakwiza | $195,000 | - |
| Isaha | $68,000 | $15,000 |
| Igiteranyo | $1,187,000 | $705,000 |
Kwishura ukwezi 31. Delta ya $ 482.000 mumyaka 8.
Ibihinduka bihindagurika ibi: kubara, ubushyuhe, kwishyuza amahirwe. Imiterere imwe - ihindagurika ryikirere - ibikoresho bigenzurwa reba wenda 36 - 48 ukwezi kwishura. Multi-shift ikubita 24-30. Ububiko bukonje burashobora gucika no munsi y amezi 18.
Twanditse 13 - ukwezi kwishura ku kigo cya Dubai gikoresha amakamyo 23 Linde kuri dogere 18. Itsinda ryabo ryo kubungabunga ryakoraga amasaha 11 buri cyumweru muguhira no kunganya. Nyuma yo guhinduka: zeru.
Ibyo imbonerahamwe iterekana:
Amahirwe yo kwishyuza ibyangiritse. Amafaranga yishyurwa yihutisha kuyobora - acide acide, kugabanya ubuzima bwinzira 30 - 40%. Niba uri hejuru mugihe cyo kuruhuka aho kuba inzinguzingo zuzuye, aside-aside-TCO yawe irutwa nicyitegererezo. Litiyumu ntacyo itwaye.
Amafaranga yo gusaba. Umuntu wese wishyuza impinduka zihindura ibyifuzo byawe. Ukurikije igipimo cyibikorwa byawe, amafaranga asabwa arashobora kuguma kuri fagitire yawe 12+ amezi uhereye kumurongo umwe.
Icyumba cya Batiri. Kurongora - kwishyuza aside ikenera umwuka wa hydrogène, kubamo aside, akenshi kurwanya ikirere. Ikigo kimwe cyo gukwirakwiza cyagaruye metero kare 400 nyuma yo guhindura lithium. Yahinduye muburyo bwo gutoranya imyanya.
Agaciro gasigaye. Amapaki ya LFP kuri 70 - 80% ubuzima bufite agaciro keza kububiko bwa kabiri -. Acide-aside ni ibisakuzo. Kuri horizon irenze imyaka 5, iyi ihindura NPV kuri 8-12%.
Ubuhanga
| LFP | NMC | Kuyobora - Acide | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ubuzima bwinzira @ 80% DOD | 2,000–5,000 | 800–2,000 | ~1,500 |
| Ubucucike bw'ingufu | 90–160 Wh / kg | 150-260 Wh / kg | 30-50 Wh / kg |
| DOD | 100% | 80% | 50% |
| Kwishyuza neza | 95–98% | 93–97% | 75–80% |
| Ibyago byo guhunga ubushyuhe | Hasi cyane | Guciriritse | N/A |
LFP yihanganira ihohoterwa. Gusohora cyane, kwishyurwa igice, guhindagurika k'ubushyuhe. Biremereye kuri kilowati kurenza NMC, bifite akamaro niba ufite uburemere - bikabije. Porogaramu nyinshi za forklift na AGV ntabwo.
NMC yumvikana mugihe uburemere ari ngombwa kandi urashobora gukemura ibisabwa byo gucunga ubushyuhe. Ubuzima bwigihe gito, ikiguzi kiri hejuru. Ibikoresho byububiko hafi ya byose ntibisobanura.
Kurongora - acide iracyafite ikaramu yo hasi - ikoreshwa rimwe - ibikorwa byo guhindura ibikorwa remezo bihari kandi nta mahirwe yo kwishyuza. Gusa wumve ko wiyemeje kumyaka 4 yo gusimbuza no kubungabunga buri cyumweru.
Bit ya tangent, ariko ngomba gukemura ubushobozi buringaniye kubisabwa - kuva nkomeza kubona ikosa rimwe.
Ipaki ya 600kWh ntabwo igura 2x icyo 300kWh igura. Birarenze nka 2.3 - 2.5x. Imicungire yubushyuhe nuburinganire bwububiko butari umurongo.
Twagereranije ipaki ya 600kWh na sisitemu yo kubika 600kWh ihagaze umwaka ushize. Ingirabuzimafatizo zimwe, chimie imwe. Gupakira ibinyabiziga: hafi $ 2.50 / Wh hamwe no gukonjesha amazi kugirango 3C isohore, 800V yubatswe, inzu ya aluminium. Ububiko buhagaze: hafi $ 1.15 / Wh hamwe no gukonjesha ikirere, akabati. Ipaki yimodoka igura kabiri kuko 35% ijya mumicungire yubushyuhe nuburyo bworoshye.
Saba ibisobanuro ku ngingo nyinshi zubushobozi. Reba kuri $ / Wh umurongo.
Abatanga isoko
CATL ifite hafi 38% ya lithium yisi yose - ion. BYD andi 16%. Urunigi rwo gutanga ibintu ruteganijwe kurenza imyaka itanu ishize, ubundi buryo butandukanye niba hari ibitagenda neza kubaguzi bawe bambere.
Abatanga uturere barashobora kuba beza. Umwete ukwiye ufite akamaro kanini. Kugenzura ubwishingizi bwa serivisi muri geografiya yawe. Shakisha ibyerekanwe mubikorwa hamwe na 3+ imyaka mubisabwa bisa. Reba uko ubukungu bwifashe. Twabonye abatanga ibicuruzwa byinshi basohoka mwisoko mugihe cyamezi 24, hasigara abakiriya bafite paki 25.000 $ kandi nta nkunga ya garanti. Umwe mu banyamuryango ba MHEDA muri ProMat yambwiye ko yatakaje ibikorwa remezo byose bya serivisi igihe uwabitangaga yikubye amezi 18 nyuma yo koherezwa.
Bateri zavuguruwe: itandukaniro ryiza rirakabije. Tekinoroji ya forklift kurubuga rwinganda yabisobanuye nk "" ubufindo bwa tombora, birashoboka ko 3 kuri 10 mu myaka 2 ishize - 3, izindi zikananirwa mu mezi. " Niba utekereza kuvugurura, saba amakuru yo mu rwego rwa selile hamwe na garanti yikigo gifite umutungo nyawo.
Ibibazo kubaguzi bawe RFQ:
- Ingirabuzimafatizo ihuza kwihanganira ubushobozi no kurwanya imbere?
- Icyiciro Igipimo cy'umusaruro? Politiki yo mu cyiciro cya B.
- Ikiruhuko cyo gushiraho mbere yo gutanga amanota?
- Kwihanganira Calibibasi ya BMS?
- Kuringaniza gukora cyangwa gutambuka?
- Igihe cyo gusubiza serivisi mukarere?
- Ibice bitatu ukoresha ibicuruzwa byawe 3+ imyaka muburyo bwanjye bwo gusaba?
- Uburyo bwo gusaba garanti?
- Bigenda bite kuri garanti niba isosiyete yawe igabanije?
Niba badashobora gusubiza byumwihariko, ibyo birakubwira ikintu kijyanye nibikorwa byabo.
Polinovel
Dukora paki ya LFP kubinyabiziga bifite akamaro. Mugire kuva 2012. Forklifts, AGVs, amakarito ya golf, inkunga yubutaka.
Ntabwo nigira nkaho tutabogamye hano. Dufite inyungu zubucuruzi mukwakira lithium. Icyo nakubwira: abakiriya bagaruka kwagura amato ni bo twafashije gufata icyemezo cyiza bwa mbere, kabone niyo icyo cyemezo cyari "lithium ntabwo yumvikana kubikorwa byawe."
Hano hari calculatrice ya TCO kuri polinovelpowbat.com ikoresha ibipimo byawe. Guhindura gahunda, ubushyuhe, igipimo cyamashanyarazi, ibikorwa remezo bihari. Ntabwo ari amarembo. Niba imibare idakora kuri lithium, calculatrice irakwereka ko.
Ibibazo:HANO
Amakuru yavuye muri Polinovel yoherejwe, BloombergNEF (bnef.com), inyandiko za dosiye za UgoWork, MIT selile ihuza ubushakashatsi (sciencedirect.com).
