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Prismatic selile ni lithium y'urukiramende - ingirabuzimafatizo ya batiri ikikijwe na aluminium cyangwa ibyuma. Igorofa ryabo, agasanduku - nkimiterere ituma gutondeka neza muri moderi ya bateri, bigatuma itandukana na selile ya silindrike ikoresha electrode yazunguye mumuzingo.

Imbere muri selile prismatic, impapuro za electrode zigizwe na anode, cathode, nuwitandukanya zashyizwe mubice cyangwa kuzunguruka no gutondeka. Iboneza rifasha ababikora gukora selile nini zibika ingufu nyinshi kuri buri gice ugereranije nubundi buryo bwa silindrike. Ingirabuzimafatizo imwe irashobora kuba irimo ingufu zingana na selile 20 kugeza 100, bigabanya cyane umubare wamashanyarazi akenewe mumapaki ya batiri.

Kubaka selile prismatic bikurikiza inzira ebyiri zibanze. Utugingo ngengabuzima dushyizwe hamwe tugaragaza ibice bya electrode byashyizwe hejuru yundi, mugihe ingirabuzimafatizo zizunguruka zikoresha electrode zikomeretsa muburyo butambitse mbere yo kwikuramo urukiramende. Buri gishushanyo gitanga ubucuruzi bwihariye - hagati yubukorikori nibikorwa biranga imikorere.

Inyuma ya aluminium cyangwa ibyuma ikora imirimo myinshi irenze kurinda byoroshye. Itanga ubukana bwimiterere, igenzura umuvuduko wimbere mugihe cyo kwishyuza - gusohora kwizuba, hamwe nubufasha mukwirakwiza ubushyuhe. Ubunini bwikariso bupima hafi 1,1mm kububiko bwa aluminiyumu, buringaniza uburinzi hamwe no gutekereza kuburemere. Uru ruzitiro rukomeye rutandukanya selile prismatic na selile pouch, zikoresha aluminiyumu ya laminate yoroheje.

Inteko ya electrode isaba neza. Muburyo butondekanye, impapuro zose za anode zihuza amashanyarazi, kimwe nimpapuro zose za cathode, mbere yo kwinjizwa mumasanduku. Kuzunguruka bishushanya umuyaga wa electrode yumuyaga kuri jig, hanyuma ukayitondekanya kugirango ugere kumurongo wurukiramende. Guhitamo hagati yubu buryo bigira ingaruka ku bwinshi bwingufu, imikorere yubushyuhe, no kwinjiza ibicuruzwa.

Prismatic Cells

Urukiramende rwa geometrie rutanga uburyo bunoze bwo gupakira neza. Iyo itunganijwe muburyo bwa bateri, selile prismatic ikuraho icyuho cyumwuka cyaranzwe na selile ya selile. Ibi bisobanura imbaraga zingana zingana - mubisanzwe 600-700 Wh / L ugereranije na 500-600 Wh / L kuri selile.

Kubikoresha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, uyu mwanya wo kwerekana ko ufite agaciro cyane. Uwitekabateri yimodokapaki muri EV zigezweho zungukirwa nubushobozi bwa selile prismatic ubushobozi bwo kongera ingufu mububiko bwimodoka. Ababikora barashobora gushushanya ibice bya batiri ikoresha hafi ya santimetero kibe, kuzamura neza ibinyabiziga bitongereye ibipimo.

Iterambere rya vuba risunika imipaka kure. GM na LG Energy Solution ya lithium manganese - ingirabuzimafatizo zikungahaye, ziteganijwe kubyazwa umusaruro mu 2028, zerekana ingufu zingana na 33% ugereranije na selile ya fosifate ya lisiyumu ku giciro cyagereranijwe. Iterambere ryibasiye amakamyo yamashanyarazi asaba ibirometero birenga 400 mugihe agabanya amafaranga yo gupakira.

Guteranya ipaki ya bateri igabanuka cyane hamwe na selile prismatic. Ipaki isaba selile 100 ya silindrike irashobora gukenera selile 5-10 gusa kugirango igere kubushobozi bungana. Ingirabuzimafatizo nke zisobanura gusudira gake, ingingo zishobora gutsindwa, no kugabanya igihe cyo gukora.

Amashanyarazi ahuza imyubakire aratandukanye cyane. Utugingo ngengabuzima twerekana ibimenyetso bya terefone hejuru cyangwa hejuru, bigafasha kubangikanya cyangwa guhuza. Ubuhanga bugezweho bwo gukora, nka ENNOVI imwe - inzira yo kumurika intambwe, ihuza imirongo ya - ya voltage yumuriro, hejuru ya - voltage ya aluminiyumu, hamwe na bisi ya bisi mu gikorwa kimwe. Ubu bushya bukuraho intambwe nyinshi zo guterana mugihe tunoza kwizerwa.

Ariko, uku kwibandaho bitera intege nke. Mugihe paki ya silindrike irashobora gukomeza gukora hamwe nubushobozi bugabanutse niba selile imwe yananiwe, kunanirwa kwingirangingo imwe ishobora kugira ingaruka kuri module yose. Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri igomba gutanga uburinzi bukomeye kuri buri selile kugirango igabanye ingaruka.

Gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe byerekana ibyiza n'ibibazo kuri selile prismatic. Ubuso bunini, buringaniye bworohereza guhuza na plaque ikonje cyangwa sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe. Abashushanya barashobora guhuza ibintu bikonje mumaso ya selile, bigafasha gukuramo ubushyuhe mugihe cyo kwishyuza byihuse cyangwa hejuru - gusohora amashanyarazi.

Nyamara guhunika neza biteza imbere ubwinshi bwingufu nabyo byibanda ku bushyuhe. Ingirabuzimafatizo nyinshi zifatanije hamwe zirashobora guteza imbere ubushyuhe bwumuriro niba sisitemu yo gukonjesha idakora neza. Ahantu hashyushye habaho ubushyuhe bwirundanya vuba kuruta gutandukana. Imiyoborere myiza yubushyuhe iba ingirakamaro, cyane cyane murwego rwo hejuru -.

Ingirabuzimafatizo ya Cylindrical isanzwe yungukirwa no gutandukanya ibice, bigatuma umwuka uhumeka neza. Ibishushanyo mbonera bisaba ibisubizo byo gukonjesha byashizweho - gukonjesha amazi, icyiciro - ibikoresho byo guhindura, cyangwa graphene - byongerewe ingufu zumuriro. Bamwe mubakora ubu bahuza icyiciro - guhindura ibikoresho imbere yububiko bwa prismatic, bikurura ubushyuhe mugihe cyizuba ryihuse hanyuma bikarekurwa buhoro buhoro nyuma. Porotipiki yambere ikomeza gukora neza kuri dogere 45 yubushyuhe bwibidukikije hamwe nubushyuhe buri munsi ya dogere 5 kuzamuka kuri 0.5C.

Gukora automatike ya selile prismatic iri inyuma yinganda zikora silindrike. Imiterere ya cylindrical nka 18650 na 21700 yunguka imyaka mirongo yubuhanga busanzwe bwo gukora, butuma umusaruro - usohoka hamwe nubuziranenge buhoraho. Prismatic selile idafite imiterere yimiterere rusange - ukuyemo VDA PHEV2 ibisobanuro bisanzwe mubidage bikoresha amamodoka.

Uku kutagira ubuziranenge bivuze ko selile prismatic selile zisanzwe - zagenewe porogaramu zihariye. Ababikora barema ibipimo byihariye, ubushobozi, hamwe na terefone igenewe guhuza ibyo abakiriya bakeneye. Mugihe ubu buryo bworoshye butuma habaho guhuza neza, bizamura ibiciro kandi byongera umubare muto wateganijwe. Kwipimisha no gutanga ibyemezo bigomba kurangizwa kugiti cya buri gishushanyo mbonera.

Ubusobanuro bukenewe kuri electrode gutondeka cyangwa kuzunguruka byongera inganda zigoye. Imirongo igomba guhuza neza kugirango irinde imiyoboro migufi. Kugenzura ubuziranenge biba byinshi cyane ugereranije nibikorwa bikuze, byikora cyane kuri selile. Izi ngingo zigira uruhare runini hejuru yikiguzi cya -, nubwo ubukungu bwikigereranyo bugabanya buhoro buhoro icyuho uko umusaruro wiyongera.

Prismatic selile isaba kwikuramo hanze kugirango ikomeze imikorere myiza mubuzima bwabo. Nkuko selile zishira, lithium ion yimukira muri grafite anode, bigatuma ubwiyongere bwaguka. Silicon - anode yongerewe imbaraga byongera kubyimba cyane. Hatariho umuvuduko uhoraho perpendicular ku ndege ya electrode, ibice birashobora gusenyuka, bikagabanya aho bikorera ndetse nubushobozi butesha agaciro.

Ubusanzwe moderi ya bateri ikoresha imbaraga zambere hafi 3kN kugirango irangize amasahani ya selile isanzwe ya PHEV2. Uyu muvuduko utuma ibice bya electrode bihuza mugihe cyose charge- gusohora amagare, birinda umunaniro wubukanishi no kuvunika. Igishushanyo mbonera kigomba kubara ibisabwa byambere byo kwikuramo no kongera umuvuduko nyuma yubuzima.

Inguni zerekanwe zingirabuzimafatizo zingirakamaro zerekana ingingo zintege nke. Utu turere twibanda ku guhangayikishwa no gukanika n'ingaruka. Ibirindiro bikingira bigomba gukingira ingirabuzimafatizo zihagije, cyane cyane mubikorwa byimodoka aho kuramba kurenza ubushyuhe bukabije hamwe ninzira yumuhanda bigaragara ko ari ngombwa. Ikibaho gikomeye gitanga uburinzi, ariko muri rusange ntigifite imbaraga kuruta imbaraga za selile.

Prismatic Cells

Prismatic selile yakira lithium zitandukanye - chemisties ion, buri kimwe gikwiranye nimikoreshereze itandukanye. Litiyumu fer fosifate ya chimie ikora neza cyane hamwe na prismatic format. Batteri ya LFP ikoresha ibintu byinshi, igiciro - ibikoresho bifatika - kwirinda cobalt ihenze na nikel - mugihe itanga ubushyuhe buhebuje bwubushyuhe hamwe nubuzima burebure burenga 3.000.

Nickel manganese cobalt na nikel cobalt aluminium chemistries nayo igaragara muburyo bwa prismatic, igamije porogaramu zisaba ingufu nyinshi. Imiterere ihindagurika ituma abayikora bahitamo guhitamo chimie kubisabwa kugirango bakore neza batabanje guhindura imiterere ya batiri yose.

Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byerekana porogaramu yiganje, cyane cyane ku masoko yo muri Aziya aho abayikora bashyira imbere selile prismatique. Izi bateri zifite ingufu - urwego rwa Tesla rwakozwe mubushinwa, mubindi binyabiziga byinshi. Imiterere yimiterere yimikorere nibyiza byigiciro bihuye nubukungu bwa EV. Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za gride - igipimo cyinshi hamwe noguhuza ingufu zishobora kubaho kimwe na selile prismatic kugirango irambe, ubuzima bwigihe kirekire, hamwe ningaruka zumuriro ugereranije nubundi buryo bwa silindrike.

Abaguzi ba elegitoroniki bakoresha selile ntoya mu bikoresho nka terefone zigendanwa, tableti, na mudasobwa zigendanwa aho imyirondoro yoroheje igaragara ari ngombwa. Ibikoresho byubuvuzi, sisitemu yo gutumanaho itumanaho, hamwe nibikoresho bidafite amashanyarazi byerekana amasoko yinyongera akoresha ibyiza byimiterere.

Iyo usuzumye ubwoko bwa selile ya batiri, ibipimo byinshi byagereranijwe bisobanura imikorere. Prismatic selile mubisanzwe itanga ubushobozi buri hagati ya 20Ah kugeza hejuru ya 300Ah kuri selile. Utugingo ngengabuzima twa cylindrical twinshi hafi ya 5-6Ah kumiterere isanzwe nka 21700, nubwo selile ya 4680 ya Tesla igera kuri 25Ah.

Ubucucike bwimbaraga butanga ubucuruzi - kuzimya. Utugingo ngengabuzima tugera kuri 1.500 W / kg, twungukira ku masano menshi kuri amp -. Ingirabuzimafatizo isanzwe igera ku 1.000 - 1,200 W / kg, ishyira imbere kubika ingufu kuruta gutanga amashanyarazi ako kanya. Ibi bituma selile ya silindrike ikundwa cyane-yimikorere isaba imbaraga zisohoka vuba, mugihe prismatic selile nziza cyane mubikorwa bisaba ingufu zihoraho.

Imbaraga za gravimetricike zitonesha ingirabuzimafatizo zigera kuri 260 Wh / kg na 200 Wh / kg kugirango iboneke neza. Itandukaniro rituruka kubintu bisabwa - ingirabuzimafatizo zikenera inkuta ndende kugirango zishyure kugabanuka kwimashini ugereranije na geometrike. Nyamara, ingufu zingana zingana zihindura iyi nyungu, hamwe na selile prismatic ikoresha umwanya neza.

Ubuzima bwikurikiranya buratandukanye bitewe na chimie nuburyo bukora aho kuba selile yonyine. Ubwoko bwombi bushobora kurenga 2000 cycle hamwe nubuyobozi bukwiye. Prismatic LFP selile isanzwe irenga 5000 inzinguzingo zikoreshwa neza. Itandukanyirizo nyamukuru riri muburyo ibintu byo hanze {{7} management imicungire yubushyuhe, igipimo cyamafaranga, ubujyakuzimu - bigira ingaruka kuramba.

Gukora ubukungu bigira uruhare runini muburyo bwo guhitamo imiterere. Ingirabuzimafatizo ya Cylindrical yunguka ibikorwa remezo byumusaruro ukuze hamwe nubuziranenge, bigatuma munsi ya - kilowatt - igiciro cyamasaha iyo ikozwe mubipimo. Imikorere ihindagurika yimikorere hamwe nimyaka mirongo yo kunonosora itanga umusaruro wihuse, uhoraho.

Prismatic selile yumusaruro ikomeza kuba hejuru kubera ibisabwa byihariye kandi byikora bike. Nyamara, sisitemu - urwego rwubukungu rushobora gutonesha ingirabuzimafatizo. Ingirabuzimafatizo nke kuri buri paki zigabanya imirimo yo guterana, koroshya sisitemu yo gucunga bateri, no kugabanya umubare weld. Kuri porogaramu nini - nk'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi cyangwa ububiko bwa gride, ibyo kuzigama birashobora kugabanya ibiciro by'akagari.

Ibikoresho bitagira ingano bigira ingaruka kumiterere yombi, nubwo guhitamo chimie bifite akamaro kuruta imiterere ya selile. Guhindukira kuri chimie ya LFP muri selile prismatic ikoresha manganese na fer nyinshi aho kuba cobalt na nikel nkeya, bishobora kugabanya ibiciro byibikoresho 20 - 40% ugereranije na chimisties ikungahaye kuri nikel.

Amafaranga yo kwipimisha no gutanga ibyemezo byiyongera kubiciro bya selile prismatic mugihe ibishushanyo bibuze ubuziranenge. Buri format idasanzwe isaba kwemezwa gutandukanye, kongera igihe - kugeza - isoko niterambere ryiterambere. Inganda zinganda ziganisha ku bipimo ngenderwaho zishobora kugabanya iki cyuho, nubwo imbaraga zamasoko zishyigikira porogaramu - gutezimbere muburyo rusange.

Umutekano wa bateri ukubiyemo uburyo bwinshi bwo kunanirwa - guhunga ubushyuhe, imiyoboro ngufi y'imbere, kumeneka kwa electrolyte, no kwangiza imashini. Utugingo ngengabuzima dukemura ibibazo bimwe na bimwe mugihe utangiza izindi. Icyuma gikarishye gitanga uburinzi bwiza bwo gucumita hanze ugereranije ningirabuzimafatizo, nubwo itanga imbaraga nke zubukorikori kuruta ibishushanyo mbonera.

Ubushobozi bunini kuri selile butera imbaraga nyinshi mubice bimwe. Kunanirwa muri selile imwe prismatic birashoboka kurekura imbaraga nyinshi kuruta kunanirwa kwa selile. Nyamara, selile nkeya muri paki zigabanya umubare wibishobora gutsindwa. Ubu bucuruzi - off busaba igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu yo gucunga neza bateri kugirango ikurikirane ingufu za selile, ubushyuhe, nuburyo byishyurwa.

Ubuhanga bwa LFP muri selile prismatic butanga ibyiza byumutekano. Lisiyumu ya fosifate yerekana imbaraga zidasanzwe ugereranije na nikel - chimisties ya cobalt, ifite ibyago bike byo guhunga ubushyuhe ndetse no mubihe bibi. Ibikoresho ntibisohora ogisijeni mugihe cyo kubora, bigabanya ingaruka zumuriro. Ibi biranga bituma LFP prismatic selile ikurura cyane kububiko buhagaze aho umutekano urenze ibisabwa byingufu.

Ababikora bahuza ibintu byinshi biranga umutekano - umuyaga woguhumeka, ibikoresho byahagaritswe, ibyuma byumuriro, hamwe numuriro - bitandukanya. Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri itanga umurongo wambere wo kwirwanaho, ikarinda kwishyurwa hejuru, hejuru ya -, hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije bushobora gutera kunanirwa.

Isoko ryimikorere ya prismatic kwisi yose ryerekana inzira zikomeye zo gukura. Igiciro cy’isoko kiri hagati ya miliyari 7.5 na miliyari 12.5 z'amadolari mu 2024, biteganijwe ko mu mwaka wa 2033 hateganijwe kugera kuri miliyari 35.2 z'amadolari.

Aziya - Pasifika yiganjemo umusaruro, bingana na 45 - 70% by’umusaruro w’isi. Ubushinwa buyoboye ubushobozi bwo gukora, hamwe nabakinnyi bakomeye barimo CATL, BYD, na LG Chem ikora gigafactories zitanga selile prismatic ku rugero runini. Ikigo cy’iburayi cya Northvolt muri Noruveje, gifite ubushobozi bwa 60 GWh buri mwaka mu 2024, kigaragaza uruganda runini rwa litiro-ion hanze ya Aziya.

Udushya mu ikoranabuhanga dukomeje kwihuta. Iterambere rikomeye - iterambere rya batiri ya leta isezeranya ingufu nyinshi n’umutekano kurushaho, hamwe n’imiterere ya prismatic neza - ihagaze kugirango yakire amashanyarazi akomeye. Ubushakashatsi kuri anode ya silicon, ibikoresho byo gucunga ubushyuhe bwa graphene, hamwe na chimisties ya cathode igezweho bizagirira akamaro ibishushanyo mbonera.

Ibishushanyo mbonera bya batiri yinganda zigenda zinjizamo selile prismatic. Volkswagen irateganya gukoresha selile prismatique muri 80% ya EV zayo muri 2025, igashyira mubikorwa bitatu bya chimie - LFP, manganese -, na nikel - bikize - kugirango hongerwe ibiciro nibikorwa murwego rwibinyabiziga. Izi ngamba zinyuranye zituma abayikora bahuza ibyerekeranye na batiri kubisabwa byimodoka idafite impinduka nyinshi.

Prismatic na silindrical impaka zabuze igisubizo rusange. Buri format iruta iyindi miterere. Utugingo ngengabuzima twa silindrike dukwiranye na porogaramu zisaba ingufu nyinshi, gucunga neza ubushyuhe, hamwe nubukanishi bukomeye. Ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, e - amagare, hamwe n’imodoka ndende - zikoresha ibyiza byazo. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bituma igishushanyo mbonera cyihuta hamwe nibisobanuro bituruka.

Utugingo ngengabuzima twerekana ko ari byiza aho umwanya uhagije, ubushobozi buke kuri selile, hamwe no kugabanya kubara kubara agaciro. Kinini - imiterere ya EV, sisitemu yo kubika gride, hamwe nububiko bwitumanaho bwitumanaho byunguka muribi biranga. Ubushobozi bwo guhitamo ibipimo bya porogaramu zihariye zituma hashyirwa hamwe hamwe na sisitemu yububiko.

Abashinzwe gupakira bateri bagenda bemera uburyo bwa Hybrid, bagahitamo imiterere ya selile ukurikije igice cyimodoka no gukoresha ikariso. Imikorere - ibinyabiziga byerekanwe bishobora gukoresha selile ya silindrike kugirango imbaraga zirenze. Misa - ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bigamije intera no gukora neza bikunda selile prismatic. Amakamyo n'ibinyabiziga byubucuruzi bisaba kubika ingufu nyinshi mububiko bwagenwe hitamo ibishushanyo mbonera.

Imbaraga zisoko zerekana gukomeza kubana aho kuba imiterere yiganje. Gutezimbere gukora, gutera imbere kwa chimie, no kugabanya ibiciro bizakomeza kubangikanye kubwoko bwombi. Guhitamo neza biterwa no gushyira mubikorwa - ibyihutirwa byihariye - ubwinshi bwingufu, ubwinshi bwingufu, ikiguzi, igihe cyo kubaho, umutekano, nimbogamizi zifatika.

Prismatic Cells

Prismatic selile isanzwe imara 2000 kugeza 7,000 byikurikiranya bitewe na chimie nuburyo ikora. LFP prismatic selile ikunze kurenga 5.000 hamwe no gucunga neza ubushyuhe no kwirinda gusohora cyane munsi ya 20% yumuriro. Ubuzima bwikizamini busobanura imyaka 5-10 mubisabwa byinshi.

Prismatic selile ishyigikira kwishyurwa byihuse hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga neza ubushyuhe. Ibishushanyo byinshi byakira ibiciro bya 1C kugeza 2C, bivuze kwishyurwa byuzuye muminota 30 - 60. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha igezweho ikoresheje gukonjesha cyangwa guhinduranya ibintu birinda ubushyuhe bukabije mugihe cyo kwishyuza byihuse, kubungabunga ubuzima bwakagari n'umutekano.

Kuri - ikiguzi cyibice bya prismatic mubisanzwe birenga selile ya silindrike bitewe no kwihindura no kwikora. Nyamara, sisitemu - urwego urwego rushobora gushimangira igishushanyo mbonera binyuze mukugabanya imirimo yo guterana hamwe nibice bike. Igiciro cyose cya nyirubwite giterwa no gusaba {{4} factors ibintu byihariye birimo ingano yumusaruro, guhuza ibikorwa, hamwe nubushobozi bukenewe.

Prismatic selile irashobora gukoreshwa neza. Ikibaho cya aluminium cyangwa ibyuma birashobora gutandukana no gutunganywa byigenga bivuye mubikorwa bifatika. Litiyumu, cobalt, nikel, na manganese birashobora kugarurwa no gukoreshwa muri bateri nshya. Gutunganya ibikorwa remezo bikomeje kwaguka kugirango bikemure ingufu za batiri ziyongera kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu bigera ku iherezo ryubuzima.