BMS isobanura iki?
Sisitemu yo gucunga bateriYasobanuwe
Twaguze hafi icyiciro cya DALY BMS mumwaka wa 2021.Ibiciro byasaga nkaho ari byiza, ibicuruzwa byagenzuwe ku mpapuro, kandi ibicuruzwa byasezeranijwe byasezeranije ko bisi ishobora guhuza na inverteri ya Victron. Ibyumweru bitatu nyuma yo kwishyiriraho indege ya AGV itwara indege, twavumbuye ibice bingana gusa mugihe cyo kwishyuza, ntabwo kuruhuka. Porogaramu yakoze impanuka buri gihe. Bluetooth ikenera re - guhuza buri minsi mike. Twarangije gusimbuza ibice 24 byose hamwe na JBD kubibaho kabiri.
Ubunararibonye bwatwigishije ikintu urupapuro rwihariye rutigera ruvuga: Ubwiza bwa BMS bugaragara muburyo burambuye bifata amezi yo kuvumbura.
None BMS ni iki, mubyukuri?
Igisubizo cy'igitabo
Sisitemu yo gucunga Bateri ikurikirana ingufu za selile, ikayobora imigendekere yubu, ikurikirana ubushyuhe, kandi ikarinda selile ya lithium ibintu bitera umuriro cyangwa urupfu rutaragera.
Igisubizo gifatika
nikintu kigena niba ipaki ya bateri 15,000 $ imara imyaka 4 cyangwa imyaka 12. Niba amato yawe ya forklift yiboneye ikintu kimwe cyumuriro cyangwa zeru. Niba garanti yawe isaba kuguma munsi ya 1% cyangwa kuzamuka hejuru ya 3%.
Kuri Polinovel, twakurikiranye amakuru ya garanti ku bantu umunani batanga BMS kuva muri 2018.Imibare ivuga inkuru isobanutse.
Ibiciro bya garanti byurwego rutanga isoko (2018-2022, 3,247)
| Icyiciro cy'abatanga isoko | Igipimo cyo Kunanirwa kw'amezi 24 | Uburyo bwambere bwo kunanirwa | Inyandiko |
|---|---|---|---|
| Orion, REC | 0.4-0.7% | Sensor drift | Bikurikiranye mubice |
| JK (JIKONG), JBD | 0.8-1.2% | Amakosa ya Firmware (arashobora gukosorwa) | Inkunga ikomeye ya porogaramu |
| Ikirango cyo mu rugo A. | 2.1% | Kuringaniza uruziga | Yatejwe imbere mubice 2023 |
| Ikirango cyo mu rugo B. | 3.1% | Kunanirwa kwinshi | Ibibazo byo kugenzura ubuziranenge |
| DALY | 3.8% | Ibibazo byinshi | Reba ibisobanuro hepfo |
Ibihe bya DALY bikwiye gusobanurwa. Igishushanyo cyabo gifunze gifunze mubyukuri bikora neza. Ariko porogaramu yabo ifite inyenyeri 1.7 kubwimpamvu nziza. Twakiriye ibice bifite amakosa yiboneza uruganda. Igipimo cyabo "100A gusohora" akenshi bisobanura ubushobozi bwa 50A bwo kwishyuza, ntanumwe ukubwira imbere. Umukiriya umwe yavumbuye ibi nyuma yibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza bidashobora gutanga imikorere iteganijwe.
Kugirango ube mwiza, DALY ibice bikora neza kubikorwa byingengo yimari aho udakeneye inkunga ya tekiniki. Gusa ntutegereze ubufasha mugihe hari ibitagenda neza.
Ubukungu Bwingenzi
Umuntu wese asubiramo "143% ROI iterambere" kuva kuri electravehicles.com. Twabonye imibare isa mubyo twoherejwe, ariko kubara ntabwo byoroshye.
Dore uko tubisobanurira komite zishinzwe gutanga amasoko:
Kugereranya Ibiciro: 50-Igice cya AGV Fleet Kurenza Imyaka 8
| Icyiciro cyibiciro | Ingengo yimari ya BMS | Ihitamo ryiza rya BMS |
|---|---|---|
| Igiciro cya mbere cya BMS (kuri buri gice) | $180 | $650 |
| Fleet ishoramari rya BMS | $9,000 | $32,500 |
| Igikoresho cyo gupakira bateri (48V 100Ah LFP) | $45,000 × 50 = $2.25M | Kimwe |
| Biteganijwe gusimburwa | Umwaka wa 4-5 (amato yuzuye) | Umwaka 10+ (igice) |
| Igiciro cyo gusimbuza umwaka wa 5 | ~ $ 2.0M (isuri y'ibiciro) | $0 |
| Ibihe byateganijwe byo gutaha | 12-18 ku mwaka | 2-4 ku mwaka |
| Igiciro cyo kumanura ($ 800 / ibyabaye) | $76,800-$115,200 | $12,800-$25,600 |
Itandukaniro rya $ 23.500 mu ishoramari rya BMS risa nkigaragara kugeza igihe ushizemo uruziga rumwe. Twagize abakiriya batongana kubyerekeye ibyumweru, hanyuma uduhamagare nyuma yimyaka ibiri dusaba kuvugurura ibice byiza bya BMS. Icyo gihe, selile zimwe zimaze gutandukana birenze gukira.
Umushinga umwe wahinduye uburyo twegera ibi biganiro. Umukozi ushinzwe ububiko muri Ohio yashimangiye uburyo bwo gukoresha ingengo y’imari nubwo twabisabye. Nyuma y'amezi cumi n'umunani, bahuye nibintu byubushyuhe mumupaki umwe. Ntamuntu wakomeretse, ariko iperereza ryubwishingizi hamwe nigihe cyo gukora cyabatwaye amafaranga arenze ishoramari ryambere rya batiri. Ntidushobora gusangira izina ryisosiyete, ariko raporo yibyabaye ni inyandiko rusange binyuze mu biro by’umuriro waho.
Ibikoresho bya tekiniki: Ibyo Kureba Mubyukuri
Impapuro nyinshi za BMS zerekana urutonde rwa voltage nka "± 0.5%" cyangwa "± 10mV." Byombi byumvikana neza. Nta nubwo akubwira icy'ingenzi.
Ikibazo gikomeye kubisabwa na LiFePO4: sisitemu ikomeza kuba inyangamugayo mu karere ka plateau 3.2 - 3.35V? Aha niho selile ya LFP imara 80% yigihe cyogukora, kandi voltage - to-SOC umubano urasa neza. Ikosa ryo gupima 5mV muriki cyiciro rishobora gutanga 8% ikosa ryo kugereranya SOC. Ngiyo itandukaniro riri hagati yo gutekereza ko ufite ubushobozi bwa 30% busigaye kandi mubyukuri ufite 22%.
Turerekana 0.3% byukuri kubikorwa byacu bya AGV, bigura hafi 15% kurenza sisitemu 0.5%. Gucuruza birakwiye kubikorwa bikeneye guhanurwa kwizewe.
Ibisobanuro Turabigenzura Mubyukuri (Ntabwo byemewe gusa na Datasheets)
| Parameter | Ikirego cya Datasheet | Ibyo Tugerageza | Impamvu bifite akamaro |
|---|---|---|---|
| Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi | ± 0.5% kuri dogere 25 | ±? kuri dogere -10 na dogere 45 | Ububiko bwububiko buratandukanye |
| Kuringaniza ikigezweho | "Kuringaniza ibikorwa" | Igipimo nyacyo mA | Benshi bavuga ko "bakora" hamwe na 40mA passiyo |
| Urutonde rwubu | 100A bikomeje | Gukoresha impinga, gutandukanya umurongo | Impinga 130A yica ibice 100A - |
| Itumanaho | "URASHOBORA guhuza" | Kugenzura protocole hamwe nintego ihindura | "Guhuza" bisobanura ibintu bitandukanye |
Kuringaniza ikibazo kiriho bikwiye gushimangirwa. Niba urupapuro rwerekana rudafite agaciro kihariye ka milliamp yo kuringaniza ikigezweho, "imikorere iringaniza" ntishobora kubaho muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose. Sisitemu ya pasiporo ikora 30-100mA. Sisitemu ifatika ihererekanya ingufu hagati ya selile ikora kuri 600mA cyangwa irenga. Twabonye ibice byashyizwe ku isoko nka "kuringaniza ibikorwa" byapimaga 45mA mugupima.
Icyitonderwa kuri BMS ihendutse
Ibi biva mubiganiro byubuhanga byadukijije icyemezo kibi. Bimwe hasi - igiciro cya BMS igishushanyo gikoresha imashini imwe - chip yo kurinda selile (nka DW01) yatsindiye muburyo bwo gukora ibice byinshi -. Chips yagenewe porogaramu ya 1S gusa. Iyo ababikora babihuza hamwe kubipaki 4S, 10S, cyangwa 20S, buri chip ikora yigenga nta kurinda ihuriweho.
Uburyo bwo kunanirwa ni akaga: niba chip imwe ipfuye bitewe nubuso buhagaze cyangwa ubuhehere, iryo tsinda ryatakaje uburinzi bwose mugihe sisitemu isigaye ikomeza gukora. Ipaki ntabwo ifunga. Ntabwo ikuburira. Irakora gusa idakingiwe kugeza igihe ikintu cyananiranye bikabije.
Ibishushanyo byiza bya BMS bifashisha byinshi - kugenzura selile ziva muri Texas ibikoresho, ibikoresho bya Analog, cyangwa abatanga ibintu bisa. Iyi chip ikurikirana selile zose zinyuze mumuzunguruko hamwe nuburyo bwo kunanirwa byanze bikunze guhagarika umutekano. Itandukaniro ryibiciro ni $ 15-30 kuri buri gice mubunini. Itandukaniro ryumutekano ntirigereranywa.
Twahagaritse gutekereza kubatanga isoko badashobora gusobanura imiterere ya IC. Niba injeniyeri yo kugurisha atazi niba bakoresha chip imwe ya selile - ingero zingana cyangwa zikwiye - selile IC, ibyo bikubwira ikintu kijyanye nubuhanga bwabo.
Impamyabumenyi: Icyo bashaka kuvuga kandi ntibisobanura
Abakiriya bacu bo muri Amerika ya Ruguru bakunze gusaba "UL yemejwe" BMS. Ijambo rikoreshwa hano.
Icyemezo cya UN38.3 gikubiyemo umutekano wo gutwara abantu. Kunyeganyega, ubutumburuke, gusiganwa ku magare, ingaruka. Ntabwo ikemura umutekano wibikorwa mugihe ikoreshwa nyabyo. Buri bateri ya lithium yoherejwe mumahanga ikenera UN38.3. Kugira bivuze ko ibicuruzwa byawe bishobora kurenga imipaka byemewe n'amategeko. Kugira ntabwo bivuze ko BMS izarinda selile zawe mugihe cyo kwishyuza.
IEC 62619 ikubiyemo gukoresha - umutekano wicyiciro kubikorwa byinganda. Nibisanzwe bikemura ibibazo byo gukumira ubushyuhe hamwe nibisabwa na BMS. Niba ukoresha bateri ya lithium muri forklifts, AGVs, cyangwa ububiko buhagaze, iki nicyemezo gifatika mubyukuri umutekano wibikorwa.
UL 1973 ikoreshwa cyane cyane kubika ingufu zihagaze muri Amerika ya ruguru. Harimo ibisabwa mugupima gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe no kwihanganira amakosa IEC 62619 idakubiyemo neza.
Icyemezo Coverage Incamake
| Bisanzwe | Covers Transport | Igikorwa | Gupfukirana Ubushyuhe bwo guhunga | Birakenewe Kuri |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UN38.3 | Yego | Oya | Oya | Kohereza mpuzamahanga |
| IEC 62619 | Oya | Yego | Yego | Kohereza inganda |
| UL 1973 | Oya | Yego | Yego | Ububiko bwa Amerika y'Amajyaruguru |
| UL 9540 | Oya | Sisitemu - urwego | Yego | Kurangiza ibikoresho bya ESS |
Twabonye abatanga isoko bavuga "UL yamenyekanye" (ikarita yumuhondo) ihwanye nurutonde rwuzuye rwa UL. Ntabwo aribyo. Umushinga wo muri Amerika ya ruguru twasabye ntiwakuweho kubera ko itsinda ry’abakiriya ry’ubwubatsi ryemeraga ikarita y’umuhondo, kandi ubuyobozi bufite ububasha bwarabyanze mu igenzura rya nyuma. Umushinga watinze amezi atatu mugihe bashakaga ibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge.
Igipimo cya IEEE 2686-2024 gikwiye kuvugwa hano. Ntabwo ari icyemezo giteganijwe, ariko cyerekana imyitozo ya mbere isabwa cyane cyane kubika ingufu za BMS zihagarara. Abatanga isoko bavuga kubahiriza IEEE 2686 byibuze bitondera imikorere myiza igezweho. (exponent.com ikomeza incamake nziza yubuhanga niba ushaka gusoma byimbitse.)
Nigute Dusuzuma Abatanga Ubu
Nyuma yamasomo ahagije twize, twateje imbere gahunda yo gusuzuma. Ntabwo buri mushinga ukenera buri cheque, ariko gusimbuka intambwe byadutwaye inshuro zihagije kuburyo tutubahiriza neza.
Kugenzura umutekano no kubahiriza biza mbere. Turasaba nimero ya raporo y'ibizamini, ntabwo dusaba ibyemezo gusa. Raporo yikizamini yemewe IEC 62619 ifite numero yinyandiko, laboratoire yipimisha, hamwe nibizamini byihariye. Niba utanga isoko ashobora gutanga gusa icyemezo cyicyemezo, ducukumbura cyane.
Guhuza tekinike ni ubutaha. Urwego rwa voltage ya BMS mubyukuri rutwikiriye ibipapuro byawe hamwe na margin? 16S BMS kumupaka ntarengwa ntabwo ihwanye na 20S BMS ikora kuri 16S. Ese koko protocole y'itumanaho ikorana na charger yawe na inverter, cyangwa "CAN ihuza" bisobanura "dukoresha CAN ariko hamwe no guhuza ubutumwa bwihariye"?
Tugenzura kuringaniza ibyigenga byigenga mugihe bishoboka. Abatanga isoko bazi ko tugenzura, ikunda kugumisha impapuro zihariye.
Tanga ubudahwema ibintu birenze ibyo amakipe menshi atanga amasoko. Umushinga wa BMS uhagarika icyitegererezo cyawe hagati - umushinga utera gusimbuza umutwe kumyaka. Turabaza kubyerekeranye nigishushanyo mbonera cyibicuruzwa, umubare ntarengwa wateganijwe kugura ejo hazaza, kandi niba igishushanyo gikoresha ibicuruzwa cyangwa ASIC yihariye ishobora kutaboneka.
Kubisubizo bya batiri yinganda kuri Polinovel, guhuza BMS bibaho mugihe selile - kugeza - igishushanyo mbonera. Ntabwo dusubiramo ibya gatatu - ishyaka BMS kumapaki yarangiye. Ibi biradufasha guhuza sensor, gushyira insinga, hamwe nubuyobozi bwumuriro nka sisitemu aho guhangana nubwumvikane buke nyuma yo gushiraho. Itsinda ryacu ryubwubatsi rifite ubunini bwa BMS bushingiye kubisabwa mu gusaba: inzinguzingo z'imisoro, imyirondoro iriho ubu, ubushyuhe bw’ibidukikije, ibipimo by'itumanaho bikenewe.
Niba usuzuma amahitamo ya batiri ya lithium kubikoresho byo gukoresha ibikoresho cyangwa ibinyabiziga byinganda, ikiganiro cya BMS kigomba kubaho hakiri kare mugusobanura, ntabwo ari igitekerezo. Ibibazo bifite akamaro ni ugukoresha - byihariye, kandi kugereranya rusange birabura byinshi mubigira ingaruka ndende - kwizerwa.
Shikira ukoresheje urupapuro rwitumanaho hamwe nibisobanuro byawe. Tuzakubwiza ukuri niba ibisubizo byacu bihuye nibyo usabwa cyangwa niba ukwiye kureba ahandi.
