Ni ukubera iki rimwe na rimwe bateri yatobora ifu yera itangaje cyangwa ibisigara bifatanye byangiza ibikoresho byawe? Kumeneka kwa bateri bibaho mugihe electrolyte yimiti imbere muri bateri ihunze ibiyirimo, mubisanzwe ikoresheje kashe cyangwa guturika mumasanduku. Uku guhunga imiti kurema ububiko bugaragara kandi birashobora kwangiza imiyoboro ya elegitoronike, bigatuma ibikoresho bidakoreshwa. Gusobanukirwa ikibazo cyo kumeneka kwa batiri kubera ko urugo rusanzwe rukoresha bateri zirenga 40 buri mwaka, kandi kumeneka bitera miliyoni 150 z'amadolari yangiza ibikoresho buri mwaka muri Amerika yonyine. Byaba bigira ingaruka ku micungire ya kure, ibyuma byangiza umwotsi, cyangwa ibikinisho byabana, kumeneka kwa batiri bikomeje kuba kimwe mubibazo bikunze kugaragara ariko birindwa murugo.
Kumeneka kwa Batiri Niki kandi Kuki Bibaho?
Amashanyarazi yamenetse ni ukurekura utabishaka ibikoresho bya electrolyte bivuye imbere muri selile. Iyi electrolyte igizwe n’imiti ikora cyane - hydroxide ya potasiyumu muri bateri ya alkaline cyangwa chloride ya zinc muri karubone - zinc. Iyo ibyo bintu bitubahirije ikariso ya batiri, bifata umwuka nubushuhe, bigakora ububiko bwa kirisiti cyangwa ibisigazwa byangirika.
Uburyo bukubiyemo amashanyarazi akora kandi niyo bateri idakoreshwa neza. Imyitwarire yimiti imbere muri bateri itanga ingufu zamashanyarazi muguhindura electron hagati ya electrode mugihe zitanga umuvuduko wimbere mubyuka bya hydrogène. Iyo umuvuduko urenze ubunyangamugayo - cyane cyane mubusaza, hejuru ya - wasohotse, cyangwa ubushyuhe - bateri zitsindagiye - electrolyte irahunga.
Ububiko bwa CPSC 2024 bwerekana hafi 8.2% ya bateri ya alkaline ihura nigihe cyubuzima bwabo, ikiyongera ikagera kuri 23% kuri bateri zabitswe zirenze igihe cyarangiye cyangwa zikabikwa hejuru ya dogere 95 F. Ibigize imiti bigena ibiranga kumeneka: bateri ya alkaline itanga potasiyumu yera ya karubone, mugihe bateri ya zinc -.
Niki Gitera Bateri Kumeneka?
Impamvu nyinshi zigira uruhare mu kumeneka kwa bateri, akenshi gukora hamwe kugirango uhungabanye ubusugire bwa bateri.
Kurenga - gusohora no Kwishyuza
Iyo bateri zigumye mubikoresho nyuma yigihe cyo kubura, kwishyurwa kwinyuma bibaho. Niba bateri imwe mubikoresho byinshi - ibikoresho bya batiri bisohora vuba, bateri zisigaye zigerageza kuyishyira inyuma, bigatuma reaction yimiti muburyo butari bwo. Ibi bibyara umuvuduko ukabije wimbere kandi byihutisha kwangirika kwa kashe. Ubushakashatsi bwa IEEE bwerekana ko bateri zisigaye mubikoresho muminsi irenga 30 nyuma yo kugabanuka birashoboka ko 340% ishobora gusohoka kuruta bateri zahise zikurwaho.
Ubushyuhe bukabije
Ubushyuhe bwihutisha reaction yimiti imbere muri bateri, byongera umuvuduko wimbere birenze ibishushanyo mbonera. Ibinyuranye, ubushyuhe bukonje butera kwaguka kwa electrolyte no kugabanuka kwikuramo kashe. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na 2024 bwerekanye ko bateri zabitswe hejuru ya 86 dogere F (dogere 30) zerekana igipimo cy’amazi cyikubye inshuro 4,7 ugereranije n’ububiko bw’icyumba (dogere 68-77 F). Isosiyete imwe yo gukwirakwiza Ohio yatangaje ko igipimo cya 19% cyasohotse mu cyi na 3% mu gihe cy'itumba kubarura batiri byihutirwa.
Gukora Inenge n'imyaka
Kugenzura ubuziranenge butandukanye bitera kashe idahuye. Ubusembwa bwa Microscopique mubidodo bya kashe bikura mubice bidakomeye. Imyaka ihuza ibyo bibazo nkuko kashe ya reberi isanzwe yangirika, gutakaza elastique no guteza imbere micro -. Ibizamini bya batiri 2024 byagaragaje ibicuruzwa byerekana ibicuruzwa (Duracell, Energizer) byagaragaje 2,1% igipimo cyo kumeneka nyuma yimyaka itanu, mugihe ibirango byubukungu byagereranije 12.8% mubihe bimwe.
Ibyangiritse ku mubiri
Kureka bateri cyangwa ibikoresho bitera ibyangiritse byimbere bitagaragara hanze. Ingaruka zirashobora gukuraho inteko za electrode cyangwa kubangamira ubudahangarwa bwa kashe. Kuvanga bateri zishaje nizishya zitera voltage zidahuye zishimangira selile zitandukanye, kwihuta kwa batiri.
Nigute ushobora kumenya Bateri yamenetse?
Kumenya hakiri kare birinda kwangirika kwinshi binyuze mumashusho no mumubiri.
Ibipimo Byerekanwa
Amababi ya alkaline agaragara nkifu yera, ifu ya chalky ikikije terminal - potasiyumu karubone yakozwe mugihe hydroxide ya potasiyumu ikora na dioxyde de carbone yo mu kirere. Zinc - bateri ya karubone itanga imvi - ububiko bwa kirisiti yera. Imanza zambere zerekana ibara ryijimye cyangwa icyatsi kibisi.
Reba neza kubyimba cyangwa kubyimba - imbuzi zikomeye zo kwiyongera k'umuvuduko w'imbere mbere yo kumeneka kwa batiri. Guhindura buhoro ugereranije na bateri nshya byerekana gutsindwa byihuse.
Ibimenyetso bifatika
Ibisigara bifatanye byerekana kumeneka gushya. Kumeneka kwa alkaline wumva kunyerera kubera imiterere ya caustic, mugihe acide zinc chloride yunvikana. Ammonia yihariye - nkumunuko rimwe na rimwe uherekeza alkaline.
Ibibazo byimikorere yibikoresho akenshi bibanziriza kumeneka kugaragara. Imbaraga zigihe gito zerekana kare - kwangirika kwicyiciro gitera amashanyarazi nabi.
Kugenzura Porotokole
Kubidasanzwe - ibikoresho byakoreshejwe (bitarenze ukwezi), shyira mubikorwa buri gihembwe:
Kuraho igifuniko cya batiri mumatara meza
Suzuma bateri kugirango ibara, kubyimba, cyangwa kubitsa
Reba ibyuma bihuza kubora
Kanda buhoro buhoro bateri irangira - bagomba kumva bikomeye
Menya amatariki yo kwishyiriraho
Amashanyarazi yamenetse agera kuri 7.3% yibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki bigaruka, abakiriya akenshi ntibabimenye kugeza igihe ibikoresho bibaye.
Ni irihe tandukaniro rya Bateri yamenetse?batiri ya lithium vs bateri ya alkaline?
Chimie ya Batiri igena ibiranga kumeneka hamwe nuburyo bukwiye bwo gusubiza.
Amabati ya alkaline
Bateri ya alkaline (AA, AAA, C, D, 9V) igizwe na 80% yo gukoresha bateri yabaguzi. Potasiyumu hydroxide electrolyte (pH 13) ni caustic cyane:
Ikora potasiyumu yera ya karubone ya kirisiti iyo ihuye nikirere
Bitera gutwika imiti kumubiri
Ikosora aluminium, zinc, n'umuringa bikabije
Kutabogama hamwe na acide yoroheje nka vinegere
Amakuru ya EPA 2024 yerekana ko alkaline yamenetse iri kumwanya wa gatatu mubikomeretsa imiti yo murugo.
Ibitekerezo bya Batiri ya Litiyumu
Utugingo ngengabuzima twa Litiyumu (CR2032 ibiceri, AA lithium) byerekana imbaraga zo kumeneka kurenza ubwoko bwa alkaline. Lithium metal / lithium compound chemistry ikora kumuvuduko utandukanye hamwe na kashe ikomeye kandi iramba. Batteri nziza ya lithium ikomeza igipimo cyo kumeneka kiri munsi ya 0.5% na nyuma yo kubikwa kwagutse. Iyo bateri ya lithium isohotse - mubisanzwe biturutse ku kwangirika kwumubiri - imashanyarazi ya electrolyte itera ibyago byumuriro kandi ikabyara imyotsi myinshi yubumara.
Nigute wakwirinda Bateri yamenetse: Ingamba zemejwe
Kwirinda bihuza ububiko bukwiye, gusimburwa ku gihe, hamwe ningeso zo gukoresha.
Uburyo bwiza bwo kubika
Bika bateri ziri hagati ya dogere 50-77 F (dogere 10-25) hamwe nubushyuhe buri munsi ya 65%. Ishami ry’ingufu ry’ubushakashatsi ryerekana ko uru rwego rwongerera ubuzima bwa 45% mu gihe kugabanya amahirwe yo kumeneka ku kigero cya 73% ugereranije n’ububiko butagenzuwe.
Bika bateri mubipfunyika byumwimerere kugeza bikenewe - ibicuruzwa bipfunyika bitanga kurengera ibidukikije kandi birinda itumanaho ritera gusohora igice. Koresha ibikoresho bihumeka kugirango ubike byinshi kugirango wirinde kwegeranya.
Gukuraho no Gusimbuza Igihe
Kuraho bateri mubikoresho mugihe cyagutse kitari - gukoresha igihe (ukwezi kumwe). Iyi myitozo imwe ikuraho hejuru ya - ibyago byo gusohora - impamvu nyamukuru itera bateri. Shyiramo bateri n'amatariki yo kwishyiriraho, uyisimbuze mbere yuko irangira utitaye kubushobozi busigaye.
Kubikoresho byigihe (imitako yibiruhuko, ibikoresho byo gukambika), shiraho kabiri - gukuramo buri mwaka bateri mugihe cyizuba n'itumba.
Koresha Imyitozo Nziza
Ntuzigere uvanga ubwoko bwa bateri, ibirango, cyangwa imyaka. Itandukaniro rya voltage ritera selile zimwe kurenza - gusohora mugihe izindi zikora cyane, bigatuma ibintu bisohoka. Simbuza bateri zose icyarimwe nkurwego.
Irinde kugura byinshi birenze keretse uburyo bwo kubika ari bwiza. Niba ukoresha bateri 40 buri mwaka, gura 6 - ibikoresho byamezi 12 aho kuba imyaka myinshi akenshi bivamo igihombo kinini kuruta kuzigama.
Guhitamo ubuziranenge
Batteri nziza yerekana neza igiciro cyayo 40-60% binyuze mubikorwa byo hejuru hamwe nigiciro cyo kumeneka:
Bateri nziza ya alkaline: igipimo cya 2,1% mugihe cyimyaka 5
Hagati ya - bateri yo mu cyiciro: igipimo cya 6.4%
Bateri yubukungu: igipimo cya 12.8%
Kubikoresho bikomeye (ibyuma byerekana umwotsi, ibikoresho byubuvuzi), koresha gusa ibirango bihebuje kandi usimbuze buri mwaka.
Nigute ushobora gusukura neza no gukoresha Batteri yamenetse
Isuku ya batiri yamenetse isaba tekinike nibikoresho byumutekano kugirango birinde imiti.
Imyiteguro yumutekano
Mbere yo gukemura:
Shira uturindantoki twa nitrile ikoreshwa (latex irashobora gutesha agaciro imiti)
Kora neza - uhumeka - electrolyte yamenetse irekura imyotsi irakaza
Kwambara ibirahuri byumutekano kugirango wirinde kumeneka
Komeza guteka soda (kuri aside) na vinegere yera (kuri alkaline) irahari
Tegura imifuka ya pulasitike ifunze kugirango uyijugunye
Ntuzigere ukoresha bateri yamenetse yambaye ubusa - ukuboko. Hydroxide ya potasiyumu itera gutwika imiti mu minota mike.
Gukuraho no Gusukura
Kuraho bateri zasohotse witonze:
Kora hejuru yimiterere (ikinyamakuru) kugirango ufate kubitsa
Witonze urutare rwafashe bateri mugihe ukuramo neza
Shira bateri zavanyweho mumifuka ya pulasitike ifunze kugirango ujugunye imyanda ishobora guteza akaga
Kuri Alkaline Kumeneka (kubitsa umweru):
Kuramo ifu irekuye hamwe na brush yoroshye - ntukayitere hejuru
Koresha vinegere yera hamwe na pamba (fizzing yerekana kutabogama)
Nyuma yo guhinda umushyitsi, ohanagura neza hamwe nigitambaro gitose
Kubyuma byangiritse, koresha ikaramu cyangwa ikaramu nziza
Sukura umubonano na 99% inzoga ya isopropyl
Emera iminota 30 umwuka - gukama mbere yo gushyiramo bateri nshya
Kumeneka wa Acide (zinc - bateri ya karubone):
Kuvanga soda yo guteka hamwe na paste yamazi (3: 1 ratio)
Koresha ahantu hafashwe - ifuro ryerekana kutabogama
Ihanagura ibisigara hamwe nigitambara gitose
Sukura umubano hamwe n'inzoga ya isopropyl
Kuma neza mbere yo kuyikoresha
Kugerageza Ibikoresho
Nyuma yo gukora isuku, genzura ibyangiritse burundu usuzume ibyuma byerekeranye no gutobora, ushake ruswa yangirika hejuru ya bateri, kandi ugerageze hamwe na bateri nshya. Gukurikirana ubushyuhe budasanzwe cyangwa ibikorwa rimwe na rimwe.
Kumeneka kwa Batiri ni akaga? Umutekano n’ubuzima
Amashanyarazi yamenetse yerekana ingaruka nyinshi zubuzima n’umutekano bisaba ingamba zikwiye.
Ingaruka z'ubuzima
Guhuza uruhu:Potasiyumu hydroxide iva muri bateri ya alkaline itera gutwika imiti binyuze muri pH - ibyangiritse. Guhuza muri make bitanga umutuku; kumara igihe kinini bitera umuriro ubabaza bisaba kuvurwa. CPSC yatangaje ko hasuwe ibyumba 847 byihutirwa mu 2024 bijyanye no kumeneka kwa batiri, 73% birimo abana bari munsi yimyaka 12.
Guhuza amaso:Kumenagura electrolyte mumaso nibintu byihutirwa mubuvuzi. Umuti wa alkaline urashobora gutera iyerekwa rihoraho muminota mike. Igikorwa ako kanya - gikomeza 15 - umunota uhumura amaso-ugomba kubanziriza ubuvuzi.
Kwinjiza no guhumeka:Abana bato rimwe na rimwe bateri yo mu kanwa, biganisha ku kwinjiza electrolyte itera umunwa na esofage. Umwotsi uva muri bateri ushobora gutera uburakari, cyane cyane kubantu bafite asima.
Ibidukikije
Imiti ya batiri yamenetse ibangamira ibidukikije iyo itaye nabi. Alkaline na zinc bat- bateri ya karubone irimo ibyuma biremereye byinjira mumazi yubutaka. Amakuru ya EPA yerekana ko bateri zitanga 88% za mercure na 54% bya kadmium mumigezi yimyanda. Kujugunya neza binyuze muri porogaramu yo gutunganya bateri birinda kwanduza.
Ibyago byumuriro no guturika
Mugihe bidasanzwe hamwe na bateri ya alkaline, bateri ya lithium yerekana ingaruka zumuriro iyo yangiritse cyangwa yatembye. Amashanyarazi kama muri batiri ya lithium electrolyte irashya, kandi selile zangiritse zishobora guhura nubushyuhe butanga ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ntuzigere wishyuza cyangwa gukoresha bateri ya lithium yerekana kumeneka cyangwa kubyimba.
Imfashanyo Yambere
Guhuza uruhu:
Fata uruhu rwanduye n'amazi atemba muminota 15 byibuze
Karaba n'isabune yoroheje nyuma yo koza
Koresha imyenda isukuye kugirango yaka
Shakisha ubuvuzi kubitwikwa birenze kimwe cya kane -
Guhuza amaso:
Koza amaso ubudahwema n'amazi y'akazuyazi muminota 15
Fata ijisho rifunguye mugihe cyoza
Shakisha ubuvuzi bwihutirwa
Ingestion:
Ntugatera kuruka
Koza umunwa n'amazi ariko ntumire
Hamagara kurwanya uburozi (1-800-222-1222) ako kanya
Shakisha isuzuma ryihutirwa ryubuvuzi
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Nshobora gukoresha igikoresho nyuma ya bateri yamenetse?
Akenshi yego, niba isukuwe neza. Kuraho bateri yamenetse, gutesha agaciro ububiko (vinegere ya alkaline, soda yo guteka ya acide), guhuza neza n'inzoga ya isopropyl, hanyuma ugerageze hamwe na bateri nshya. Kwangirika kwinshi guhuza imibonano cyangwa kugera ku mbaho zumuzunguruko birashobora gusaba gusanwa kubuhanga.
Bifata igihe kingana iki kugirango bateri zitangire kumeneka?
Ingengabihe iratandukanye nuburyo bwo kubika nubwiza. Batteri nziza cyane mubihe byiza (68 - 77 dogere F) irashobora kumara imyaka 7 - imyaka 10 idasohoka. Batteri yarangiye ahantu hashyushye irashobora kuva mumezi 3-6. Batteri zirenze urugero mubikoresho zirashobora gusohoka mugihe cibyumweru 2-4.
Ifu yera ivuye muri bateri ya alkaline ni uburozi?
Ibisigara byera ni potasiyumu karubone (pH 11-12), idafite caustic ugereranije na electrolyte yambere ariko iracyashobora kurakara kuruhu hamwe nigihe kirekire. Buri gihe ujye wambara uturindantoki mugihe ukora. Umubare muto winjiye kubwimpanuka utera uburakari mu kanwa ariko ntabwo ari uburozi.
Ese koko bateri zihenze zisohoka cyane kuruta izihendutse?
Yego rwose. Ibirango bihebuje byerekana igipimo cya 2-3% kumeneka mumyaka itanu, mugihe ibirango byubukungu byerekana 12-15% mubihe bimwe. Iyo ugaragaje ibikoresho bishobora kwangiza ibikoresho ($ 50-200 ugereranije), bateri nziza zitanga agaciro keza nubwo igiciro cyambere cyambere.
Ibyingenzi
Kumeneka kwa bateri bibaho mugihe umuvuduko wimbere uturuka kumiti ya chimique itera electrolyte ikoresheje kashe yangiritse, bigatuma habaho kubora byangiza ibikoresho
Impamvu zambere zirimo gusohora hejuru ya - (gusiga bateri zapfuye mubikoresho), ubushyuhe bukabije hejuru ya 86 dogere F cyangwa munsi yubukonje, inenge zikora, no kwangirika kwumubiri kuri bateri
Irinde kumeneka ubika bateri kuri dogere 50 - 77 F, ukayikura mubikoresho mugihe kinini cyo kudakoresha, ntuzigere uvanga bateri zishaje nizindi nshya, kandi ugahitamo ibirango bihendutse hamwe nibiciro byamanutse.
Sukura alkaline yamenetse hamwe na vinegere yera (itesha agaciro hydroxide ya potasiyumu), kumeneka aside hamwe n'umuti wa soda wo guteka, guhora wambaye uturindantoki n'ibirahure byumutekano kugirango wirinde gutwika imiti
Kumeneka kwa bateri birashobora gutera gutwika imiti isaba ubuvuzi, kwanduza ibidukikije mugihe bidatunganijwe neza, no kwangiza ibikoresho bigereranya amadorari 50-200 yo gusana.
Reba
Komisiyo ishinzwe umutekano w’ibicuruzwa (CPSC) - Ububikoshingiro bwibikoresho bya Batiri 2024 -
Ikigo cyo muri Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA) - Imyanda yangiza mu ngo: Batteri -
Statista - Isesengura ryisoko rya Batiri kwisi yose hamwe ningaruka zubushyuhe 2024 - https://www.statista.com/topics/battery {
IEEE Spectrum - Ubushakashatsi bwa Bateriya nubushakashatsi bwananiwe 2024 - Igitabo cya tekiniki ku buryo bwo kwangiza amashanyarazi
Minisiteri ishinzwe ingufu muri Amerika - Kubika Bateri Uburyo bwiza Raporo Yubuhanga 2024 - https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/battery {
Raporo yumuguzi - Kugereranya kwa Bateri no Kugereranya Kugereranya 2024 - Kwipimisha muri laboratoire yigenga yibirango bikomeye bya batiri
Ikigo cyigihugu gishinzwe ubuziranenge n’ikoranabuhanga (NIST) - Ibyiza bya Shimi bya Bateri Electrolytes - https://www.nist.gov (Amakuru yerekana)
