Kubara Coulomb Niki?

Kubara Coulomb nuburyo bukurikirana umuriro w'amashanyarazi winjira kandi usohoka muri bateri ukomeza gupima amashanyarazi no kuyihuza mugihe. Ubu buhanga butuma sisitemu yo gucunga bateri igereranya ubushobozi busigaye nuburyo bwishyurwa utabanje gupima ingufu zabitswe.

Ihame ryibanze inyuma yo kubara coulomb ririmo gukurikirana buri amp - isaha yinjira cyangwa isize bateri. Imyumvire isobanutse irwanya ibipimo bigezweho, kandi umuzenguruko wabigenewe uhuza ibipimo mugihe runaka. Iyo wishyuye bateri kuri 2 amps kumasaha 3, sisitemu ibara amasaha 6 amp - yongewe kubushobozi bwa bateri. Mugihe cyo gusohora, inzira igenda ihindagurika, ikuramo amasaha amp - uko amashanyarazi asohoka.

Imicungire ya bateri ikora iyi mibare ubudahwema, mubisanzwe icyitegererezo inshuro ibihumbi kumasegonda. Ihuriro ryokwishyira hamwe biroroshye: impinduka zishyurwa zingana nubu zigwijwe nigihe, zahinduwe kubikorwa bya coulombic. Coulombic ikora neza kuberako amafaranga yose yabitswe mugihe cyo kwishyuza ashobora kugarurwa mugihe cyo gusohora - igihombo kibaho bitewe no guhangana imbere, reaction kuruhande, hamwe no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe.

Gushyira mubikorwa bigezweho ukoresha 16 - bit cyangwa birenga analog - kugeza - bihindura imibare bifatanije na microcontrollers. Maxim MAX17303X + na Renesas RAA489206 byerekana ibisubizo byibyuma bisanzwe, byerekana intungamubiri zashyizwe mubikorwa bikora imibare. Iyi chip ibika ibipimo bya batiri mububiko budahindagurika, byemeza ko amakuru akomeza nubwo bateri yuzuye.

Coulomb Counting

Amashanyarazi ya Litiyumu ion yishingikiriza cyane kubara neza ya coulomb kugirango wirinde kwishyuza birenze kandi igihe kinini cya bateri. Mugihe gihoraho - icyiciro cyubu cyo kwishyuza, kubara coulomb byerekana neza umubare winjiza winjira muri selile. Mugihe bateri yegereje ubushobozi bwuzuye hamwe ninzibacyuho ihora - yumuriro wa voltage, umuyaga ugabanuka ugomba gupimwa neza kugirango umenye igihe kwishyuza birangiye.

Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri ikoresha imibare yo kubara coulomb kugirango ifate ibyemezo bikomeye byo kwishyuza. Niba sisitemu ibonye ko amasaha 2.3 amp - yongewemo mugihe cyo kwishyuza kandi ubushobozi bwa bateri ni amasaha 2.5 amp -, izi ko bateri yishyuye hafi 92%. Aya makuru arinda ibintu bishobora guteza akaga ko gusunika amashanyarazi muri selile yuzuye ya lithium ion, ishobora kuganisha kumuriro.

Uburyo bugira agaciro cyane muburyo bwihuse - kwishyuza porogaramu aho kwishyuza amashanyarazi bishobora kugera kuri 3C cyangwa hejuru. Kuri ibi bipimo, voltage - uburyo bwo kugereranya burananirana bitewe nigitonyanga kinini cyagabanutse kurwanya imbere. Kubara Coulomb bikomeza kwizerwa kuko bipima byimazeyo kwimura kwishyurwa hatitawe kumihindagurikire ya voltage.

Kwishyuza ibintu neza muburyo butandukanye muburyo butandukanye. Batiri ya lithium ion irashobora kwerekana 99% mugihe cyo kwishyurwa gike - ariko ikamanuka kuri 95% kubiciro biri hejuru kubera kongera ubushyuhe. Sisitemu yo gucunga neza bateri ihindura coulomb yo kubara algorithms ishingiye kubushyuhe nyabwo - ubushyuhe bwibipimo.

Leta ishinzwe yerekana ubushobozi buhari nkijanisha ryubushobozi ntarengwa. Kubara Coulomb ibara SOC mugabanye amafaranga yegeranijwe nubushobozi bwa bateri yose. Niba bateri ya amp 50 - yamasaha yatanze amp 15 - kuva yamashanyarazi yuzuye, SOC ihwanye na 70%.

Kubara bisaba kumenya aho utangirira. Sisitemu ya bateri mubisanzwe itangiza SOC mugihe bateri igeze kuri leta izwi - yaba yuzuye (yerekanwe no kugera kumupaka wa voltage yumuriro hamwe numuyoboro muto) cyangwa wasohotse byuzuye (gukubita hasi - guhagarika amashanyarazi). Fungura {4

Ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka zikomeye kubushobozi bwa bateri no gukora neza. Batiri ya lithium ion irashobora gutanga amasaha 100 amp - kuri dogere 25 ariko amasaha 80 amp - gusa kuri -10 dogere. Gushyira mubikorwa bigoye bikubiyemo indishyi zubushyuhe, guhindura ubushobozi bwiza bushingiye kubisomwa bya thermistor.

Gusaza kwa bateri bigora igereranya rya SOC mubuzima bwa bateri. Babiri - umwaka - ipaki ya batiri ishaje irashobora kugumana 85% gusa yubushobozi bwayo bwambere. Hatabayeho gusubiramo ibihe, kubara coulomb byakomeza kubara SOC ukurikije ubushobozi bwambere 100%, biganisha kubigereranyo bidahwitse. Sisitemu nyinshi zibikemura binyuze muri leta - ya - ya algorithms yubuzima ikurikirana iyangirika ryubushobozi hejuru yumushahara - gusohora.

Inkomoko eshanu zibanze zitanga ingaruka kuri coulomb kubara neza. Amakosa ya sensor ya none yerekana umusanzu wingenzi - niyo ikosa rya 10 milliamp offset yegeranya kugeza 0.24 amp - amasaha mumasaha 24. Muri bateri ya amp 50 -, iyi isobanura ikosa rya 0.5% SOC kumunsi.

Kwishyira hamwe kugereranya amakosa aturuka kumiterere yihariye ya sisitemu ya sisitemu. Gukoresha urukiramende hamwe nurugero rudasanzwe rwerekana amakosa mugihe ikigezweho gihinduka vuba. A 1 - icyiciro cya kabiri cyicyitegererezo gitanga ikosa rito hamwe no guhindura imitwaro buhoro ariko birashobora kubura amakuru yingenzi mugihe gitunguranye. Sisitemu zigezweho zikoresha uburyo bwo hejuru bwo guhuza uburyo nka trapezoidal cyangwa itegeko rya Simpson kugirango ugabanye ayo makosa.

Ubushobozi bwa bateri budashidikanywaho buturuka kubikorwa bitandukanye, ingaruka zubushyuhe, no gusaza. Ingirabuzimafatizo ebyiri ziva mubice bimwe zishobora gutandukana na 2 - 3% mubushobozi nyabwo. Uku kutamenya neza guhinduranya muburyo bwo kugereranya ikosa rya SOC - niba wemera ko bateri ifite amasaha 50 amp-amasaha ariko ikagira 49, SOC yawe izaba iri hejuru ya 2%.

Ibihe bya oscillator bigenda bigira ingaruka kumwanya wibikorwa byubu. Oscillator ya kristu ifite 50 ppm yukuri itangiza amakosa mato gusa mugihe gito ariko irashobora kwegeranya ibyumweru cyangwa amezi yo gukomeza gukora. Ubushyuhe {3}

Amakosa yo gukusanya yerekana ikibazo cyibanze hamwe no kubara coulomb. Bitandukanye n'ibipimo ako kanya bisubiramo buri gusoma, amakosa yo kwishyira hamwe yiyongera mugihe. Ikosa rya 1% kuri buri cyiciro rihinduka ikosa 10% nyuma yinzinguzingo icumi keretse sisitemu yongeye kwisubiraho. Ubushakashatsi bwasohotse muri Energies (2021) bwerekanye ko igihe - amakosa yo guteranya ashobora gutanga igereranyo cya SOC "kitemewe rwose" mugihe kinini nta gukosora.

Ubusanzwe ubusobanuro buri hagati ya 3 - 4% mubikorwa byibanze kugeza munsi ya 2% hamwe na algorithms zongerewe. Sisitemu ihuza coulomb kubara hamwe na voltage - ikosora ikoresheje filtri ya Kalman igera kubwukuri munsi ya 1%. Sisitemu ya PowerTech ivuga amakosa yo gupima munsi ya 1% mubucuruzi bwabo bwa coulomb ibicuruzwa kubicuruzwa bya lithium-ion.

Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri ihuza kubara coulomb nkigikorwa cyibanze hamwe no kuringaniza selile, gucunga amashyuza, no kurinda umutekano. Ibyuma byubu, mubisanzwe birwanya shunt irwanya kuva kuri 0.5 kugeza kuri miliohms 5, yicaye munzira nyamukuru. Inzu - sensor sensor zitanga ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha - zikoreshwa muri iki gihe, zitanga akato ka galvanic no gukuraho impungenge zo gukwirakwiza ingufu.

Porogaramu ya Microcontroller ishyira mubikorwa algorithm yo guhuza no kuyobora gahunda ya kalibrasi. Mugihe cyo gutwika ibinyabiziga cyangwa gutangira ibikoresho, BMS isoma SOC iheruka kubikwa kuva - yibuka. Hanyuma itangira kubara coulombs kuva iyi ntangiriro. Sisitemu ibika ibishya buri gihe - ibyashyizwe mubikorwa byandika kuri flash yibuka buri minota mike kugirango habeho gutakaza amakuru make mugihe amashanyarazi atunguranye.

Automotive BMSs mumodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi ikoresha cyane cyane ubuhanga bwa coulomb kubara. Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri ya Tesla, nkurugero, ingero ziriho ku gipimo cya kilohertz kandi ikoresha ibyiciro byinshi byo kuyungurura kugirango igabanye urusaku rwa sensor. Sisitemu ikora compte zitandukanye za coulomb kuri buri module cyangwa itsinda ryitsinda, bigafasha kumenya ubushobozi budahuye bushobora kwerekana selile zananiranye.

Sisitemu ya batiri yinganda kububiko bwa gride cyangwa itumanaho bisaba ndetse no kwizerwa cyane. Izi porogaramu zikoresha inshuro ebyiri cyangwa eshatu zirenze urugero, kugereranya sensor nyinshi kugirango tumenye ibitagenze neza. Iyo ibyasomwe bisomye birenze kwihanganira kwemerwa, sisitemu irashobora kumenya no gutandukanya sensor ikosa mugihe ikomeje gukora kuri sensor zisigaye.

Gusubiramo ibihe ni ngombwa kugirango ukomeze igihe kirekire -. Uburyo bworoshye cyane bwishyuza bateri kugeza igihe amashanyarazi ageze munsi yurwego (mubisanzwe C / 20), hanyuma igasubiza SOC kuri 100%. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, gusohora hasi - guhagarika amashanyarazi bigarura SOC kuri 0%. Ibikoresho byinshi byabaguzi bikora iyi kalibrasi mu buryo bwikora buri cyiciro cya 20-30.

Fungura - inzitizi yumuzunguruko utanga amahirwe menshi yo gukosora. Nyuma yuko bateri ihagaze muminota 30 kugeza kumasaha menshi, voltage yumuriro ihagarara neza kwayo gufungura - agaciro k'umuzunguruko. BMS irashobora noneho kwifashisha imbonerahamwe ya OCV - SOC kugirango imenye SOC nyayo kandi ikosore ikosa ryabazwe rya coulomb. Ubu buryo bukora neza hamwe na chimisties ya batiri yerekana imbaraga zikomeye - SOC ifitanye isano, nka lithium nikel cobalt manganese oxyde (NMC).

Kuzamura coulomb kubara algorithms ikubiyemo ubugororangingo bwa coulombic. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Ng n'abandi. (2009) yerekanye ko kubara amafaranga no gusohora neza bitandukanye bitezimbere neza neza. Mugihe cyo kwishyuza, bateri ya lithium ion yerekana neza 98-99.5%, mugihe imikorere yo gusohora yegera 99.8-99.9%. Indangagaciro ziratandukanye nubushyuhe, igipimo kiriho, hamwe nubuzima.

Kalman muyunguruzi fusion ikomatanya kubara coulomb kubara ibipimo bya voltage mugihe nyacyo -. Akayunguruzo gipima uburyo bubiri bwo kugereranya ukurikije isano iri hagati ya buri mwanya. Kumurongo muremure aho ibipimo bya voltage bitizewe kubera ibitonyanga binini bya IR, akayunguruzo kizera coulomb ibara byinshi. Mugihe cyo kuruhuka, gupima voltage byongera ibiro. Ubu buryo bwo guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere bugera ku byiza byombi.

Imashini yiga algorithms yerekana guca inyuma kugereranya SOC. Imiyoboro ya Neural yatojwe kubihumbi byishyurwa - inzinguzingo zishobora gusohora bateri - imyitwarire yihariye moderi yoroshye ibura. Izi sisitemu zirashobora no guhanura mugihe amakosa yakusanyirijwe ashobora kuba ingirakamaro kandi bigatera gahunda ikwiye.

Coulomb Counting

Umuvuduko - ushingiye ku kugereranya SOC urwana na bateri ya lithium fer fosifate (LFP), ikomeza umurongo wa voltage utangaje cyane kuri 20-90% SOC. Guhindura milivolts 50-100 gusa bibaho murwego rwose. Kubara Coulomb bikora neza utitaye kumashanyarazi ya bateri ya voltage.

Uburyo bukora ubudahwema mugihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora bidasabye bateri kuruhuka. Umuvuduko - uburyo bushingiyeho bukenera bateri kwicara ubusa muminota 30 kugeza kumasaha menshi kugirango ubone gufungura neza - amashanyarazi asomeka. Mubikoresho byamashanyarazi aho imodoka ishobora gutwarwa inshuro nyinshi kumunsi, ibihe byo kuruhuka ntibikunze kubaho mubisanzwe.

Ibisabwa byo kubara bikomeza kwiyoroshya ugereranije nicyitegererezo - uburyo bushingiye. Shingiro rya coulomb yo kubara isaba gusa kugwiza no kongera ibikorwa, byoroshye gukoreshwa na 8 - bito ya microcontrollers. Kalman muyunguruzi cyangwa imiyoboro yumurongo isaba 32-bit bitunganijwe bifite ubushobozi bwo kureremba-kandi bigakoresha imbaraga nyinshi.

Ingaruka z'ubushyuhe zigira ingaruka kuri coulomb kubara cyane cyane binyuze mubushobozi bwo guhinduka kuruta ihame ryo gupima ubwaryo. Umuvuduko - uburyo bushingiye kububabare bwombi - ihinduka ryubushobozi hamwe nubushyuhe - biterwa na voltage ihindagurika, bigatuma mubisanzwe bigoye cyane kugirango bishyure neza.

Ibisabwa kugirango SOC ibanze ibe igereranya coulomb ibara ntarengwa. Niba sisitemu itangiranye agaciro ka SOC itari yo, ibarwa ryakurikiyeho iragwa iri kosa. Sisitemu ya bateri yatakaje ingufu itakaza burundu aho SOC yerekanwe, guhatira kwishingikiriza kubipimo bya voltage mugihe cyo gutangira.

Kwiyita - gusohora birema imiyoboro yihishe kubara coulomb idashobora gupima neza. Batteri ya Litiyumu ion ubwayo - isohoka hafi 2-5% buri kwezi mubushyuhe bwicyumba, ikiyongera kubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Mugihe cyigihe kinini cyo kubika, uku gutakaza ubushobozi kutagenzuwe bitera igereranyo SOC igenda hejuru kurenza agaciro nyako.

Sensor igenda hejuru yibicuruzwa ubuzima bwe buhoro buhoro bitesha agaciro ukuri. Icyuma kigezweho gifite 1% byukuri birashobora kugabanuka kugera kuri 2-3% mugihe cyimyaka itanu kubera gusaza ibice. Porogaramu zikoresha ibinyabiziga zigaragaza sensor ihagaze neza mumyaka 15 nubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere 40 na dogere +85, bisaba guhitamo ibice byitondewe no gushushanya umuzenguruko.

Ubushobozi bwa bateri burashira mugihe cyubuzima burerekana ikibazo gihoraho. Batare irashobora gutakaza ubushobozi bwa 20% kurenza 1000. Keretse niba BMS isubiramo buri gihe ubushobozi nyabwo, kubara SOC bigenda birushaho kuba byiza, birashoboka ko byemerera ibintu birenze urugero.

Ubushobozi bwa sensor imbaraga zo kugabanuka murwego rwo hejuru - porogaramu zubu ziba ikibazo. Imiyoboro ya 100 - amp isohoka binyuze muri 1 - miliohm yunvikana ikwirakwiza watts 10. Ibi byerekana igihombo cya 0.3% muri sisitemu ya kilowatt 3.3-idafite agaciro ariko ntigire agaciro. Kurwanya-kurwanya-kugabanuka bigabanya igihombo ariko bigabanya ibipimo byukuri byo gupima kumigezi mike.

Hybrid uburyo bwo guhuza kubara coulomb nuburyo bwuzuzanya bugera kumikorere isumba iyindi. Umuyoboro mugari wa Kalman (EKF) ukoresha bateri ihwanye na moderi yumuzunguruko kugirango uhanure imyitwarire ya voltage ishingiye kubara coulomb, hanyuma ikosore igereranya rya SOC ukurikije itandukaniro riri hagati yumuriro wapimwe kandi wapimwe. Ibi birema wenyine - ikosora sisitemu ihuza amakosa yo gukusanya.

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) irashobora kuzuza kubara coulomb kugirango isuzume ryubuzima. Mugupima inzitizi ya bateri kuri frequence nyinshi, sisitemu iranga imikurire yimbere hamwe nubushobozi bugabanuka. Aya makuru avugurura ubushobozi bwibipimo muri coulomb kubara, bikomeza ukuri uko bateri ishaje.

Imiyoboro ya neural artificiel yatojwe kwishyurwa ryamateka - gusohora amakuru irashobora guhanura ubushobozi bwo kwangirika. Ubuhanuzi butuma ibikorwa bisubirwamo mbere yuko amakosa aba ingirakamaro. Abashakashatsi bamwe bavuga ko igereranyo cya SOC muri 1% bakoresheje kubara coulomb hamwe no guhuza imiyoboro.

Isesengura ritandukanye rya voltage mugihe cyo kwishyuza ritanga ibihe bya kalibrasi idasabye kwishyurwa byuzuye - gusohora. Impinga ziranga muri dV / dQ umurongo zigaragara ku ndangagaciro zihariye za SOC utitaye ku bushobozi bugenda bugabanuka, bigafasha kugena byimazeyo SOC. Ubu buryo bukora neza cyane hamwe na lithium nikel manganese cobalt oxyde chemistries.

Kwiyegurira coulomb kubara ICs ihuza imirimo yose ikenewe muri chip imwe. Ibikoresho bya Texas 'BQ ikurikirana hamwe na STMicroelectronics' umuryango wa STC31xx urerekana ubu buryo, burimo ADC ya biti 16, guhuza ubu, guhuza ubushyuhe, hamwe na I²C / SPI. Iyi chip igabanya igishushanyo mbonera hamwe nu mwanya wibibaho mugihe cyo kunoza ibipimo nyabyo binyuze muri algorithms yindishyi.

Guhitamo ibyiyumvo byurwanya bikubiyemo kuringaniza ukuri kurwanya imbaraga. 0.5 - miliohm irwanya muri 100 - amp amp ikwirakwiza watts 5 ariko ikabyara milivolts 50 gusa yuzuye - ikimenyetso cyerekana, bisaba ko - byunguka byongerera imbaraga urusaku. Imashini ya miliohm 5 itanga ibimenyetso bya milivolts 500 ariko ikwirakwiza watts 50-ntibyemewe mubisabwa byinshi. Ibishushanyo mbonera byimodoka ikoresha 0.1-1.0 miliohm irwanya hamwe na amplificateur zitandukanye zitanga 80-100 dB zisanzwe-kwangwa.

Inzu - ingaruka za sensor zubu zirinda ikibazo cyo gukwirakwiza ingufu zose mugupima umurima wa magneti kuruta kugabanuka kwa voltage. Ariko, batangiza amakosa ya offset (mubisanzwe 50 - 200 mA mumashanyarazi - ibyuma byerekana), gutwarwa nubushyuhe, kandi bigatwara ibirenze ibisubizo bishingiye kuri shunt. Porogaramu iri hejuru ya 200 amps igenda itonesha sensor ya Hall nubwo hari aho bigarukira.

Ikigereranyo - kugeza - guhitamo guhinduranya imibare bigira ingaruka zukuri. A 12 - biti ADC ipima 100 - amp yuzuye - igipimo cyerekana igipimo cya 25 - milliamp imyanzuro-yemewe kubishobora gukoreshwa cyane ariko ntibihagije kubikoresho bifite ingufu za milliamp-urwego rudafite akamaro. Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri igezweho akenshi ikoresha 16-bit cyangwa 24-biti kugirango ihindure urwego rugenda ruva kuri microamp ibitotsi bigera kuri amps amagana mugihe cyo kwipakurura.

Coulomb Counting

Gushyira mubikorwa ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byerekana kubara coulomb kubipimo. Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri ya Nissan Leaf ikurikirana buri tsinda ryimikorere yumuriro, bigatuma imodoka yerekana igereranyo cyagenwe kandi ikanaburira mbere yuko bateri ishira. Nyuma yijana ryamafaranga - yo gusohora, sisitemu ikomeza SOC neza muri 3-5% binyuze muburyo bwo kwisubiramo mugihe cyo kwishyuza byuzuye.

Ibipimo bya bateri ya Smartphone ikoresha coulomb yoroshye yo kubara ishyirwa mubikorwa kubiciro no gukoresha ingufu. Izi sisitemu mubisanzwe zigera kuri 5-10% byukuri, birahagije kugirango berekane ibice bine cyangwa bitanu kurwego rwa bateri ariko ntibisobanutse neza kuruta gushyira mubikorwa imodoka. Ingengo yingufu zumuriro wa lisansi igomba kuguma munsi ya microamp 100 kugirango wirinde imiyoboro ya parasitike.

Grid - igipimo cyo kubika bateri gisaba ubunyangamugayo budasanzwe kugirango hongerwe amafaranga charge- gahunda yo gusohora no kumenya modul zananiranye. Izi sisitemu zikoresha ibintu bitarenze ibyumviro hamwe na ADC nyinshi. Porogaramu algorithms yambukiranya - reba ibipimo n'ibendera binyuranyije na 0.5%, bigufasha kubungabunga ibizaba mbere yo gutsindwa.

Porogaramu za gisirikari n’ikirere zisaba kwizerwa cyane, akenshi zishyira mu bikorwa inshuro eshatu - kwiyumvisha ibintu byinshi hamwe na logique yo gutora. Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri igereranya imirongo itatu yigenga ya coulomb ibara kandi ikoresha agaciro kagereranijwe. Niba sensor iyo ari yo yose itandukanije imipaka yemewe, birengagijwe mugihe sisitemu yandika amakosa yo kubungabunga ibikorwa.

Ubushakashatsi burakomeje muburyo bwo kunoza ibara rya coulomb utongeyeho ibyuma bigoye cyangwa ikiguzi. Guhindura imiterere ya algorithms yiga bateri - imyitwarire yihariye mugihe cyinzira icumi yambere yerekana isezerano ryo kugabanya amakosa mumashanyarazi - ibikoresho byakozwe aho kuri - kalibrasi idasanzwe.

Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri idafite insinga ikuraho ibyuma bifata insinga ihuza buri selile na mugenzuzi mukuru. Buri selile igizwe na coulomb compte yayo kandi ikohereza amakuru ikoresheje protocole idafite umugozi. Ubu bwubatsi bugabanya uburemere mumodoka yamashanyarazi kandi bworoshya guterana, nubwo butangiza ibibazo bijyanye no guhuza ibipimo byinshi byigenga.

Batteri ikomeye - bateri ya leta yinjira mubikorwa mumyaka mike iri imbere irashobora gusaba uburyo bwo kubara coulomb. Izi bateri zerekana uburyo butandukanye - ibiranga gusohora hamwe nuburyo bwo gusaza ugereranije na lithium isanzwe - selile. Ihame ryibanze ryo guhuza ibyagezweho mugihe gikomeza kuba gifite agaciro, ariko ingamba zo guhitamo hamwe nibikorwa bizakenera kuvugururwa.

Kwishyira hamwe hamwe na bateri ya digitale impanga itanga ibishoboka bitangaje. Mugukomeza uburyo burambuye bwo kubara bwa buri bateri ya leta ishingiye kumateka yuzuye, sisitemu irashobora kugera kubintu bitigeze bibaho mubigereranyo bya SOC. Izi moderi zaba zirimo kubara coulomb nkibintu byinjijwe muri byinshi, guhuza amakuru kuva kurubu, voltage, ubushyuhe, hamwe no gupima impedance.

Amashanyarazi ya bateri ntabwo yerekana neza uko yishyurwa kuri chimisties nyinshi. Batteri ya Litiyumu ya fosifate ikomeza ingufu za voltage hafi ya 20 - 90% SOC, bigatuma voltage - igereranya idakwiye. Ndetse hamwe na bateri ya lithium cobalt oxyde ifite isano nziza ya voltage-SOC, umubano uratandukanye nubushyuhe, imyaka, hamwe nuburemere bwumuvuduko. Kubara Coulomb ikurikirana inzira nyayo ititaye kumyitwarire ya voltage.

Calibration inshuro ziterwa nibisabwa hamwe no kwihanganira amakosa. Ibikoresho byabaguzi mubisanzwe bihindura buri cyiciro 20-30 byuzuye mukwishyuza 100%. Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi birashobora guhinduka buri kwezi cyangwa igihe cyose bateri igeze muri leta zizwi. Porogaramu zingenzi zisaba ubunyangamugayo burashobora guhinduka buri cyumweru cyangwa gukoresha ubugororangingo buhoraho binyuze mu kuyungurura Kalman kugirango wirinde gusubiramo ibihe byose.

Nibyo, kubara coulomb bikora ubudahwema mubyerekezo byombi. Mugihe cyo kwishyuza, yongeramo coulombs nkuko bigenda byinjira. Mugihe cyo gusohora, ikuramo coulombs nkuko amashanyarazi asohoka. Sisitemu ihindura imikorere itandukanye ya coulombic muri buri cyerekezo - uburyo bwo kwishyuza busanzwe bukora 98 - 99%, mugihe ubushobozi bwo gusohora burenga 99.5% kuri bateri ya lithium-ion.

Ukuri gutesha agaciro niba sisitemu idakurikirana ubushobozi bugabanuka. Mugihe bateri zishaje, zitakaza ubushobozi mugihe coulomb ibara algorithm ikomeza gukoresha agaciro kambere. Ibi bitera ikigereranyo cya SOC kurushaho kwigirira icyizere. Gutezimbere kwa BMS byashyizwe mubikorwa buri gihe bipima ubushobozi nyabwo no kuvugurura ibipimo byo kubara, bikomeza ukuri nubwo gusaza.

Intsinzi ifatika yo kubara coulomb ituruka kuburinganire bwayo hagati yubworoherane nukuri. Nubwo bidatunganye, bitanga ibisobanuro bihagije kubisabwa byinshi iyo bihujwe na kalibrasi yigihe. Uburyo bwo kubara neza butuma biba byiza kuri bateri - ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu aho igipimo cya lisansi ubwacyo kigomba gukoresha ingufu nkeya. Mugihe tekinoroji ya bateri igenda ihinduka kandi porogaramu zo kubika ingufu zigenda ziyongera, kubara coulomb bizakomeza kuba igikoresho cyibanze cyo gucunga bateri zishobora kwishyurwa muri buri gice cyisoko.