Amabwiriza ya Frequency ni iki?

Kugenzura inshuro zikomeza uburinganire hagati yumuriro wamashanyarazi nibisabwa muguhindura amashanyarazi mugihe nyacyo kugirango umurongo wa gride uhamye. Imashanyarazi ikora kuri frequence isanzwe ya 50 Hz mu Burayi no muri Aziya cyangwa 60 Hz muri Amerika ya Ruguru, kandi amabwiriza agenga imirongo yemeza ko ibyo bikomeza kwihanganira gukumira ibikoresho byangiritse ndetse na sisitemu.

Iyo amashanyarazi akenewe arenze gutanga, umurongo wa gride ugabanuka munsi yagaciro kayo. Ibinyuranye, iyo ibisekuru birenze ibyo kurya, inshuro zirazamuka. Uku gutandukana gukurura uburyo bwikora bwo kugenzura ibintu bihindura ingufu mumashanyarazi menshi mumasegonda kugeza kumunota.

Inzira ishingiye ku guhora ikurikirana ya gride inshuro nyinshi zapimwe. Iyo inshuro zitandukanijwe nintego, sisitemu yo kugenzura ihita yerekana amashanyarazi, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu, cyangwa imizigo igenzurwa kugirango itere cyangwa ikure imbaraga. Ibi bibaho binyuze murwego rwo kugenzura ibyiciro bikora kumuvuduko utandukanye kandi bigamije intego zitandukanye.

Abakoresha amashanyarazi bapima uburinganire hagati yo gutanga nibisabwa binyuze mumurongo ubwayo - ikora nkikimenyetso nyacyo - cyerekana ubuzima bwa sisitemu. Inshuro ihamye yerekana uburinganire bukwiye, mugihe gutandukana bikomeje byerekana ibibazo bishobora guhita byirabura mugihe bidasuzumwe.

Igenamigambi ryinshuro rikorwa binyuze murwego rutatu rwo kugenzura, buri kimwe gikemura ibihe nintego zitandukanye.

Igenzura ryibanzeikora mu buryo bwikora mu masegonda make yo guhungabana. Ba guverineri ba generator bamenya gutandukana kwinshyi kandi bagahindura ingufu za turbine zingana binyuze muburyo bwo kugenzura ibintu. Igisubizo cyihuse gifata inshuro zigabanuka cyangwa kuzamuka ariko ntishobora kugarura byimazeyo indangagaciro. Sisitemu ihagaze neza kuri - inshuro ya leta yegereye, ariko ntabwo iri kuri, intego yagaciro. Igenzura ryibanze rigomba gukora mumasegonda 30 kandi rigakomeza gusubiza byibuze iminota 15 ukurikije ibipimo bya gride yu Burayi.

Igenzura rya kabiriifata nyuma yubugenzuzi bwibanze butuza inshuro, mubisanzwe ikora mumasegonda 30 kugeza muminota mike. Sisitemu yo kugenzura ibyikora byikora ihuza hagati ya generator nyinshi kugirango igarure inshuro neza agaciro kayo kandi ikosore ingufu zateganijwe hagati yubugenzuzi. Uru rupapuro rukuraho ikosa - rya leta ryasizwe nubugenzuzi bwibanze kandi rirekura ububiko bwibanze busubira mubushobozi bwambere. Inzira irangira muminota 15 muri sisitemu nyinshi.

Igenzura rya gatatuikora ku gihe kirekire, kuva ku minota kugeza ku masaha, yibanda ku kuzamura ubukungu no kugarura ububiko. Imiyoboro ya gride nintoki cyangwa ihita isubiramo ibikoresho byokubyara kugirango bisimbuze ububiko bwakoreshejwe mugihe cyambere nubwa kabiri. Ibi bituma sisitemu isubira mubikorwa byayo byubukungu cyane mugihe ibigega bihagije bikomeza kuboneka kubihungabana bizaza.

Ibice bitatu bikorana hamwe. Iyo generator nini igenda kumurongo, igenzura ryibanze rihita rifata kugabanuka kwinshuro mumasegonda. Igenzura rya kabiri noneho rizana buhoro buhoro kugaruka kuri 50 cyangwa 60 Hz muminota mike iri imbere. Hanyuma, kugenzura kaminuza ihindura ingengabihe yo gutegura sisitemu yo guhungabana gukurikira.

Frequency Regulation

Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za bateri zagaragaye nkibikoresho byingenzi bigenga inshuro nyinshi bitewe nubushobozi bwihuse bwo gusubiza hamwe ningufu zerekezo zombi. Bitandukanye na generator gakondo zisaba igihe cyo gutangira no guhinduranya imashini, bateri zirashobora gutera cyangwa gukuramo imbaraga muri milisegonda 100-500.

Mu mpera za 2020, MW 885 z'ububiko bwa batiri muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika zavuze ko igisubizo cyakunze kuba ikibazo cyambere cyo gukoresha, bingana na 59% byingirakamaro - ubushobozi bwa bateri. Ibi birerekana tekinike ikomeye ihuza ibiranga bateri nibisabwa kugenzura inshuro.

Amashanyarazisisitemu nziza cyane mugutondekanya inshuro nyinshi kuko zirashobora guhinduka muburyo butandukanye hagati yo kwishyuza no gusohora nta guhangayikishwa nubushyuhe cyangwa kwambara imashini bigira ingaruka kumashanyarazi asanzwe. Ubu bushobozi bwihuse bwo gusubiza butuma biba byiza mugukemura ihindagurika ryinshi - ihindagurika ryatangijwe ningufu zishobora kongera ingufu.

Sisitemu ya bateri irashobora gusubiza umurongo wa gride itandukanijwe muri milisegonda 100-500, byihuse cyane kuruta umutungo usanzwe. Iyi nyungu yihuta ibemerera gufata ingendo zinshyi mbere yuko ziba zikomeye kuburyo zituma ibikoresho birinda umutekano bihagarara.

Ingamba zo kugenzura bateri - zishingiye ku kugenzura inshuro zibanze ku kugumya kwishyurwa neza mugihe hagabanijwe kwangirika. Algorithms ihanitse iringaniza icyifuzo cyo gutanga infashanyo yumurongo irwanya ubuzima burebure - ubuzima bwa sisitemu ya bateri. Iyo ucunzwe neza, bateri zirashobora gutanga ibihumbi byamafaranga - gusohora inzinguzingo zo kugenzura inshuro hamwe nibiciro byemewe.

Isoko ryo kugenzura imiyoboro y’isi yose ryageze kuri miliyari 5.7 USD mu 2024 bikaba biteganijwe ko ryaguka kuri CAGR ya 7.8% kugeza mu 2033, rikagera kuri miliyari 11.4 USD. Iri terambere ryerekana uburyo bugenda bwiyongera bwo gucunga imiyoboro hamwe ningufu zishobora kongera ingufu.

Amerika ya Ruguru iyoboye isoko hamwe na miliyari 2.3 USD mu 2024, iterwa n’amasoko ya serivisi akuze ndetse n’ishoramari rikomeye rya kijyambere. Reta zunzubumwe zamerika zashizeho uburyo bukomeye butuma abantu benshi bitabira ibikorwa bifasha, abashinzwe amashanyarazi yigenga, kandi bagasaba abaterankunga.

Uburayi bugereranya isoko rya kabiri - ku isoko rinini rya miliyari 1.8 USD mu 2024. Ibihugu nk’Ubudage, Ubwongereza, n’ibihugu bya Nordic biza ku isonga mu guhanga udushya, gukoresha uburyo bwo kubika ingufu ndetse no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga risubiza. Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi wibanda ku masoko y’amashanyarazi yambukiranya imipaka - byongera imikorere ya serivisi zishinzwe kugenzura imirongo kuri interineti ihuza imiyoboro.

Aziya ya pasifika yagaragaye nk'akarere gakomeye - gafite agaciro ka miliyari 1,2 z'amadorali y'Amerika mu isoko ryo mu 2024. Ubushinwa, Ubuyapani, Koreya y'Epfo, n'Ubuhinde birashora imari cyane mu bikorwa remezo ndetse no kubika ingufu kugira ngo bishyigikire intego z’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu.

Amahirwe yo kwinjiza abatanga amabwiriza ya frequence aturuka kubushobozi bwo gukora no gukora - gushimangira. Abakozi ba gride bishyura amikoro yo kuboneka kugirango batange amabwiriza kandi abahe ibihembo kubwukuri no kwihuta kubisubizo. Sisitemu ya batiri ya MVA / 1 MWh yashyizwe muri Suwede muri serivisi ishinzwe kugenzura inshuro zitanga amayero agera ku 150.000 buri mwaka, hamwe n’inyungu ku ishoramari hagati yimyaka 2 na 3.

Inzibacyuho yingufu zisubirwamo zihindura muburyo bukenewe ibisabwa kugenzura amabwiriza. Umuyaga nizuba bitagira misa izenguruka ya generator isanzwe, bigabanya inertia ya sisitemu. Inertia yo hepfo isobanura impinduka zinshyi byihuse mugihe ibisekuruza nibisabwa bitaringanijwe.

Sisitemu zisanzwe zashingiraga kumbaraga za kinetic zibitswe mumashanyarazi ibihumbi n'ibihumbi azunguruka kugirango itange buffer byihuse kurwanya imivurungano. Iyo kwiyongera k'umutwaro gutunguranye kwabaye, iyi misa izunguruka yatinda byigihe gito, ikarekura ingufu kugirango ihuze ibyifuzo mugihe sisitemu yo kugenzura ikora. Sisitemu yingufu zishobora guhuzwa binyuze mumashanyarazi ya elegitoronike ntabwo isanzwe itanga iki gisubizo kidafite ishingiro.

Ubushakashatsi bwasohowe mu 2024 bwerekana ko guhuza ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu byongera akamaro ko kugenzura imizigo bitewe no kwaguka no kugorana kwamashanyarazi. Imiterere yigihe kimwe yumuyaga nizuba bitangiza inshuro nyinshi kandi nini kuruta gutandukana kurenza sisitemu gakondo.

Abakoresha amashanyarazi bakemura ibyo bibazo binyuze muburyo butandukanye. Igenzura ryambere rya algorithms ituma turbine yumuyaga hamwe nizuba ryizuba bigana igisubizo kidasubirwaho cya generator ikora binyuze muburyo bwa "inertique syntique" cyangwa "inertia virtual". Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zitanga byihuse - zisubiza zisubiza ibintu bishobora guhinduka. Gusaba gahunda yo gusubiza ishakisha imizigo yoroheje kugirango uhindure ibicuruzwa hasubijwe ibimenyetso byinshyi.

Guhindura ibisekuru bishobora kuvugururwa nabyo byongera ingano yubushobozi bwo kugenzura inshuro zikenewe. Imirasire y'izuba igabanuka vuba iyo ibicu bitambutse hejuru. Iyaruka ry'umuyaga rirashobora guhinduka cyane muminota mike uko umuyaga uhinduka. Ihindagurika ryihuse risaba ibikorwa byinshyi bigenzurwa kuruta kugereranya imitwaro ihindagurika ya gride gakondo.

Frequency Regulation

Ibikoresho byo kugenzura inshuro bigomba kuba byujuje ibyangombwa bya tekiniki kugirango witabire serivisi za gride. Abakoresha amashanyarazi bakeneye amikoro yo gusubiza mu buryo bwikora mu masegonda kugirango batandukane kandi bakomeze igisubizo mugihe cyagenwe. Ibisabwa nyabyo biratandukanye bitewe n'akarere n'abakora isoko.

Igihe cyo gusubiza gisobanura uburyo bwihuse umutungo ushobora kumenya gutandukana kwinshyi hanyuma ugatangira guhindura ingufu zayo. Sisitemu ya bateri isanzwe yujuje ibisabwa mugihe kitarenze isegonda imwe, mugihe amashanyarazi asanzwe ashobora gusaba amasegonda menshi kugirango utangire igisubizo.

Ubushobozi bwo kugenzura bupima imbaraga zose umutungo ushobora gutanga kugenzura inshuro. Abakoresha bagomba gukomeza ubwo bushobozi kandi bwiteguye kohereza. Kuri bateri, ibi bivuze kugumya kwishyurwa murwego rutuma amashanyarazi yerekanwa byerekanwa - ntabwo byuzuye cyangwa byuzuye.

Ibipimo nyabyo bisuzuma uburyo umutungo ukurikiza neza ibimenyetso byoherejwe nabakoresha gride. Sisitemu yo gucunga neza bateri igera kubwukuri cyane, ikurikira ibimenyetso hamwe nikosa rito. Ubu busobanuro butuma abakora gride bakomeza kugenzura inshuro nyinshi hamwe nibikoresho bike.

Ubushobozi burambye bwo gusubiza bugena igihe umutungo ushobora gukomeza umusaruro wacyo. Sisitemu ya bateri ihura nubushobozi bwingufu - bateri ya MW 1 ifite iminota 15 yo kubika ingufu zirashobora gutanga ingufu zuzuye muricyo gihe gusa mbere yo gusaba kwishyurwa. Abakozi ba gride bashushanya ibicuruzwa bigengwa nizi mbogamizi zifatika, hamwe nububiko bwibanze busanzwe bwerekanwe kuminota 15 kugeza 30.

Kugenzura inshuro zigezweho zikoresha ingamba zihamye zo kugenzura zitezimbere imikorere mugihe ucunga inzitizi zibikoresho. Kugenzura ibitonyanga bikomeza kuba urufatiro rwibisubizo byibanze byambere, bigatera umubano ugereranije hagati yo gutandukana kwumuriro no guhindura ingufu.

Muri gahunda yo kugenzura ibintu, buri generator ihindura ibisohoka hashingiwe ku bunini bwo gutandukana inshuro. Igenamigambi rya 5% risobanura kugabanuka kwa 5% bitera kwiyongera 100% mubisohoka mumashanyarazi yaboneka. Amashanyarazi menshi afite igenamigambi ritandukanye ahita asangira umutwaro wo kugenzura ugereranije.

Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za bateri ishyira mubikorwa igenzura ryongerewe imbaraga kuri konti yishyurwa. Iyo bateri yumuriro ari mwinshi, sisitemu irashobora gutanga hasi - amabwiriza (kwishyuza) kuruta hejuru - amabwiriza (gusohora). Mugihe leta yishyurwa igabanuka, kubogama guhinduka munsi - ubushobozi bwo kugenzura. Ihinduka ryimikorere ririnda kwishyuza - kwishyuza cyangwa hejuru ya - gusohora mugihe hagabanijwe gutanga serivise zitangwa.

Igenamigambi ryikora ryikora rihuza inshuro ya kabiri igisubizo kubikoresho byinshi. Sisitemu ibara Ikibanza cyo kugenzura ikosa, rihuza gutandukana inshuro nyinshi nimbaraga zitateganijwe hagati yubugenzuzi. AGC noneho ikwirakwiza ibimenyetso byo gukosora kuri generator yitabira ukurikije ubushobozi bwabo nibintu byubukungu.

Igenzura rya Virtual synchronous generator ituma imbaraga za elegitoronike zihindura kwigana ibintu biranga imashini gakondo zizunguruka. Igenzura ritanga inertie yubukorikori mugusubiza igipimo cyimpinduka zinshyi, ntabwo gutandukana kwonyine. Ibi bigana igisubizo gisanzwe kidafite ingufu za generator zisanzwe, gifasha guta umurongo wambere gutandukana byihuse.

Ibisabwa kugenzura inshuro no kubishyira mu bikorwa biratandukanye cyane muburyo butandukanye bwa sisitemu yingufu. Imiyoboro minini ihuza imiyoboro yunguka imiterere nubutunzi butandukanye ariko ihura nibibazo byo guhuza ibice byinshi bigenzura. Imiyoboro ya Island ikora hamwe nubucucike buke kandi bisaba kugenzura inshuro nyinshi.

Microgrids yerekana ibidukikije bigoye cyane kugenzura ibidukikije. Utuntu duto - sisitemu sisitemu ifite inertia ntoya kandi ntarengwa. Urugendo rumwe rwa generator cyangwa guhindura imitwaro birashobora gutera inshuro nyinshi guhindagurika. Kubika Bateri biba ngombwa muri microgrid, bitanga igisubizo cyihuse gikenewe kugirango umutekano ubeho mugihe cy'imivurungano.

Ubushakashatsi buherutse gusohoka mu 2024 bwasesenguye guhuza ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi muri microgrid, byerekana ko EV 100 zishobora gukomeza umurongo wa gride muri Hz 59.5-60.5 Hz mu bihe bitandukanye. Ibi birerekana uburyo umutungo wagabanijwe ushobora guteranya kugirango utange inkunga yingirakamaro yumurongo.

Ibikoresho byinganda hamwe na - kubyara urubuga bikunze kwitabira amasoko yo kugenzura inshuro. Moteri nini yamashanyarazi hamwe nuburyo bugenzurwa birashobora guhindura ibyo ukoresha mugusubiza ibimenyetso byinshyi. Ubushyuhe hamwe ninganda zitanga amashanyarazi bitanga umusaruro wumuriro n amashanyarazi, bikabaha guhinduka kugirango bahindure umusaruro wamashanyarazi kugirango bagenzure inshuro nyinshi mugukomeza gutanga ubushyuhe.

Ihererekanyabubasha - rihuza umuyaga nizuba bigenda bitanga serivisi zogukurikirana nubwo imiterere yabyo rimwe na rimwe. Igenzura rya inverter igezweho yemerera ibyo bikoresho kubika no gusubiza inshuro nyinshi. Mugihe cyigihe cyo kugabanya, iyo ibisohoka bigabanutse nkana munsi yubushobozi ntarengwa, ibikoresho bishobora kuvugururwa birashobora kongera vuba ibisekuruza mugihe inshuro zigabanutse.

Frequency Regulation

Gutandukana kwinshuro bibaho igihe cyose amashanyarazi nogukoresha bibaye impirimbanyi. Impamvu zikunze kubaho zirimo amashanyarazi atunguranye, ingendo zoherejwe, ingendo nini zitunguranye, cyangwa ihindagurika ryibisekuru byihuse. Imiyoboro ya gride isanzwe izamuka mugihe ibisekuru birenze umutwaro bikagwa iyo umutwaro urenze ibisekuruza.

Abakoresha amashanyarazi mubisanzwe bagumana inshuro muri ± 0.1 Hz mugihe gisanzwe cya sisitemu ya Hz 50 cyangwa 60 Hz. Igenzura rikomeye ritezimbere ingufu kandi rigabanya imihangayiko kubikoresho. Amategeko yisoko akenshi ahemba umutungo ukurikiza ibimenyetso byerekana neza, bigatera imbaraga mubukungu.

Umuyaga wa kijyambere hamwe nizuba ryizuba birashobora gutanga amabwiriza yumurongo ukoresheje ingamba zihamye zo kugenzura. Bagomba gufata ubushobozi mububiko aho gukora kumusaruro mwinshi, bagatanga amahirwe. Nyamara, ubu bushobozi bufasha ibikoresho bivugururwa bitanga serivisi za sisitemu zirenze umusaruro mwiza.

Gutandukana kumurongo uhoraho hanze yemewe byemewe bitera ibikorwa byo kurinda. Munsi ya - inshuro nyinshi imitwaro yamenetse ihita ihagarika abakiriya kugirango birinde sisitemu yuzuye. Kurenga - inshuro zirashobora gukurura generator. Mubihe bikabije, kunanirwa gukurura biganisha ku mwijima mwinshi.

Ubwihindurize bwo kugenzura inshuro zikomeza nkuko sisitemu yingufu zihuza ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu hamwe nogukwirakwiza umutungo. Kubika ingufu za bateri, igisubizo gikenewe, hamwe nubugenzuzi buhanitse bitanga ihinduka rikenewe kugirango umutekano ubeho. Amasoko arimo kumenyera guha agaciro umuvuduko nukuri tekinolojiya mishya itanga mugihe harebwa ubushobozi buhagije bugumaho kugirango bikemuke bigenda bikomera. Ibyingenzi bya tekiniki nubukungu byerekana ejo hazaza aho umutungo utandukanye ukorera hamwe kugirango umurongo uhoraho nubwo ibisekuruza bivanga bigenda bihinduka kandi bigakwirakwizwa.

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