Amafaranga yuzuye ni iki?

Amafaranga yuzuye ni leta iyo bateri igeze ku bushobozi bwayo ntarengwa kandi ntishobora kongera ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Kuri bateri nyinshi zishobora kwishyurwa, ibi bibaho kumurongo wihariye wa voltage - mubisanzwe 4.2 volt kuri selile ya bateri ya lithium - ion bateri - aho inzira yo kwishyiriraho ihita ihagarara kugirango birinde kwangirika.

Gusobanukirwa Amashanyarazi Yuzuye

Igitekerezo cyo kwishyurwa cyuzuye gifitanye isano na voltage aho kuba ubushobozi gusa. Buri bateri ya chimie ifite voltage ntarengwa isobanura kwishyurwa byuzuye. Iyo ucometse mubikoresho byawe, charger itanga amashanyarazi kugeza igihe bateri igeze kurwego rwa voltage yagenwe mbere.

Kuri bateri ya lithium - ion, ubwoko bukunze gukoreshwa mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibicuruzwa byuzuye bisobanura 4.2V kuri selile. Batare ya terefone ifite selile imwe igera kumuriro wuzuye kuri 4.2V, mugihe ipaki ya mudasobwa igendanwa ifite selile eshatu zikurikirana igera kuri 12.6V.Umuvuduko wa voltage urakomeye- kubirenga nubwo byoroheje birashobora gukurura ubushyuhe bwumuriro no kwangirika kwa batiri burundu.

Imiti ya batiri itandukanye ifite voltage yuzuye yuzuye. Kurongora - bateri ya acide igera kumuriro hafi ya 2,4V kuri selile, mugihe nikel - ibyuma bya hydride yicyuma (NiMH) byuzuye byuzuye hafi 1.4-1.5V kuri selile. Uwitekalitiro ya polymer, variant ya lithium - tekinoroji ya ion, nayo yishyuza 4.2V kuri selile ariko ikoresha gel - nka electrolyte aho kuba amazi, bigatuma ihinduka neza mumiterere kandi ikagira umutekano muke mukibazo.

Sisitemu yo kwishyuza igezweho ikoresha uburyo buhoraho / burigihe bwa voltage (CC / CV). Mugihe cyicyiciro gihoraho, charger itanga amashanyarazi ntarengwa mugihe voltage izamuka buhoro buhoro. Iyo bateri imaze kugera kuri 4.2V, sisitemu ihinduka muburyo bwa voltage ihoraho, aho voltage iguma kuri 4.2V mugihe amashanyarazi agabanuka buhoro buhoro. Batare ifatwa nkumuriro wuzuye mugihe ikigezweho kigabanutse kugera kuri 3-5% yubushobozi bwa bateri.

Uburyo Sisitemu yo Kwishyuza Yerekana Amafaranga Yuzuye

Imiyoboro yo kwishyuza ikoresha uburyo bwinshi bwo kumenya igihe bateri igeze kwishyurwa ryuzuye. Uburyo bwambere bwo gutahura bukurikirana voltage nubu icyarimwe. Iyo ingufu za bateri zihagaze neza kurenza urugero ntarengwa hanyuma amashanyarazi akamanuka munsi yagaciro kagabanijwe, sisitemu imenya amafaranga yuzuye kandi igahagarika inzira yo kwishyuza.

Gukurikirana ubushyuhe bukora nkuburyo bwa kabiri bwo gutahura.Mugihe cyanyuma cyo kwishyuza, bateri zitanga ubushyuhe. Ubwiyongere butunguranye bwubushyuhe burashobora kwerekana ko bateri yageze mumashanyarazi yuzuye kandi amashanyarazi yose yinyongera ahinduka ubushyuhe aho kuba ingufu zabitswe. Amashanyarazi meza arimo thermistors - ubushyuhe - birwanya imbaraga - bihagarika kwishyuza niba bateri irenze urugero rwubushyuhe.

Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS) mubikoresho bigezweho ikoresha algorithms ihanitse ikurikirana ibipimo byinshi. Izi sisitemu zikurikirana imbaraga za selile kugiti cyinshi mumapaki ya selile -, zemeza ko zuzuye zuzuye muri selile zose. Niba selile imwe igeze kuri 4.2V mbere yizindi, BMS irashobora gutinda cyangwa guhagarika kwishyuza kuri selile mugihe ikomeje kwishyuza selile zisigaye.

Amafaranga yo kurangiza amafaranga aratandukanye bitewe nubunini bwa bateri na chimie. Ubusanzwe bateri ya terefone irashobora guhagarika kwishyurwa mugihe igabanutse kugeza kuri 50-100mA, mugihe bateri ya mudasobwa igendanwa ifite ubushobozi bwinshi irashobora gukomeza kugeza igihe amashanyarazi ari munsi ya 200-300mA. Ababikora bahindura indangagaciro kugirango baringanize umuvuduko wo kwishyuza hamwe no kuramba kwa bateri.

Ibipimo bigaragara kandi bifatika byerekana byuzuye

Ibikoresho byinshi bitanga ibipimo bisobanutse mugihe bateri zigeze kumuriro wuzuye. Amatara ya LED nibisanzwe bigaragara - kuva mumutuku cyangwa amber mugihe cyo kwishyuza icyatsi cyangwa ubururu iyo byuzuye. Amashanyarazi amwe azimya urumuri rwerekana rwose iyo rumaze kwishyurwa, mugihe izindi zishobora kwerekana uburyo bwo gutandukanya ibintu bitandukanye.

Ibipimo bya software byabaye byinshi cyane. Sisitemu ikora yerekana ijanisha rya batiri, ariko ijanisha ryonyine ntirisobanura neza amafaranga yuzuye. Batare yerekana 100% irashobora kuba yakira akantu gato. Amafaranga yuzuye yuzuye abaho mugihe ijanisha ryombi risoma 100% kandi igikoresho cyerekana "Byuzuye Byuzuye" cyangwa "Ntabwo Kwishyuza".

Ibikoresho bimwe bikubiyemo ibitekerezo bishimishije, bitanga ihindagurika mugihe kwishyuza birangiye. Iyi mikorere iragaragaza akamaro cyane mugihe cyo kwishyuza ijoro ryose mugihe abakoresha badashobora kubona ibipimo biboneka. Ibikoresho bya premium birashobora kandi kohereza amatangazo yo kumenyesha abakoresha ko bateri yabo igeze kumafaranga yuzuye.

Impinduka zifatika mugihe cyo kwishyuza nazo zishobora kwerekana ko zirangiye. Batteri zirashyuha mugihe cyo kwishyuza kubera kurwanya imbere hamwe nubushakashatsi bwimiti. Iyo bateri igeze kumuriro wuzuye, akenshi itangira gukonja nkuko amashanyarazi agabanuka cyane. Nyamara, gushingira ku bushyuhe bwonyine ntabwo byizewe factors {3} factors ibintu bidukikije nuburyo bukoreshwa nibikoresho bigira ingaruka cyane kubushyuhe bwa bateri.

Amafaranga Yuzuye Yuzuye Ubushobozi Buringaniye

Gusobanukirwa gutandukanya kwishyurwa ryuzuye nubushobozi bwapimwe bisobanura urujijo rusanzwe kubyerekeye imikorere ya bateri. Ubushobozi bwa bateri, bupimye muri milliampere - amasaha (mAh) cyangwa watt - amasaha (Wh), byerekana imbaraga zose zishobora kubika muburyo bwiza. Amafaranga yuzuye asobanura gusa ko bateri igeze kuri voltage ntarengwa - ntabwo yemeza ko bateri ifite ubushobozi bwayo bwa mbere.

Ubushobozi bwa Batteri bugabanuka mugihe binyuze mumashanyarazi inshuro - gusohora. Imyaka ibiri - umwaka - bateri ya terefone ishaje irashobora kugera ku giciro cyuzuye kuri 4.2V ariko ikagumana 80% yubushobozi bwayo bwambere. Umuvuduko ugera kumurongo wuzuye, ariko bateri igabanuka vuba kuruta iyo nshyashya kuko iyangirika ryimiti ryagabanije ibikoresho bifatika bibikwa mububiko.

Ubushobozi bugabanuka bibaho binyuze muburyo butandukanye.Batteri ya Litiyumu - ion iteza imbere amashanyarazi akomeye ya electrolyte (SEI) kuri anode mugihe cyo gusiganwa ku magare. Iyi layer ikoresha lithium ion burundu, igabanya ubushobozi buhari. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bya electrode birashobora gucika no gucamo ibice mugihe cyo kwaguka no kugabanuka bibaho mugihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora, bikagabanuka ubushobozi.

Ababikora bapima bateri mugihe cyagenzuwe - mubisanzwe kuri dogere 25 hamwe nigipimo cyo gusohora giciriritse. Ubushobozi nyabwo - ubushobozi bwisi buratandukanye ukurikije ubushyuhe, igipimo cyo gusohora, nimyaka. Batare igera kumuriro wuzuye mubihe bikonje irashobora gutanga 50-60% gusa yubushobozi bwayo bwateganijwe kubera kwiyongera kwimbere imbere no gutinda kwimiti.

Ibikoresho bimwe byerekana "ubuzima bwa bateri" ibipimo byerekana ubushobozi bwubu ugereranije nubushobozi bwumwimerere. Iki gipimo gifasha abakoresha kumva ko kugera kumuriro wuzuye bidasobanura ko bateri ikora nkibishya - bivuze gusa ko bateri yageze kumashanyarazi ntarengwa muri leta yangiritse.

Ingaruka zo Kubika Amafaranga Yuzuye Kubuzima bwa Bateri

Kugumana lithium - ishingiye kuri bateri yuzuye mugihe kinini cyihuta kwangirika. Kuri 4.2V, bateri ihura na voltage ntarengwa kuri electrode na electrolyte. Iyi mihangayiko itera reaction zidakenewe zitwara lithium ikora kandi igatesha agaciro ibikoresho bya electrode, bikagabanya burundu ubushobozi.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekana uburyo bwo gutesha agaciro bijyanye na voltage yo kubika. Batteri zibitswe kuri 100% yumuriro zitakaza ubushobozi bwa 20% kumwaka mubushyuhe bwicyumba, mugihe bateri zibitswe kuri 40 - 60% zishyurwa zitakaza ubushobozi bwa 2-4% gusa buri mwaka. Itandukaniro rigaragara cyane mubushyuhe bwo hejuru-bateri yuzuye mumodoka ishyushye irashobora gutakaza ubushobozi bwibiza mumezi.

Ibikoresho bigezweho bishyira mubikorwa ingamba zo gukingira ibibazo byuzuye.Amaterefone menshi na mudasobwa zigendanwa ubu zirimo "kwishyiriraho ingufu za batiri" yiga imiterere yabakoresha kandi igatinda kwishyurwa 100% kugeza mbere yuko igikoresho gisanzwe kidacomeka. Kurugero, niba uhora wishyuza ijoro ryose hanyuma ugacomeka saa moya za mugitondo, igikoresho gishobora kwishyuza 80% byihuse, hanyuma utegereze saa kumi n'ebyiri n'igice za mugitondo kugirango urangize kwishyuza 100%.

Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EV) zifata iki gitekerezo mugusaba abakoresha gushiraho imipaka yishyurwa kuri 80-90% kugirango bakoreshe burimunsi, babika amafaranga 100% gusa murugendo rurerure. Batteri ya EV igenda ibihumbi n'ibihumbi mugihe cyubuzima bwabo, bityo kugabanya imbaraga za voltage byongerera cyane ubuzima bwa bateri. Batare ya Tesla yishyurwa 90% buri gihe irashobora kugumana ubushobozi bwa 90% nyuma yibirometero 200.000, mugihe imwe yishyurwa 100% kumunsi irashobora kugabanuka kugeza kuri 80% mubushobozi bumwe.

Umuvuduko wa voltage ntabwo ari - umurongo - 20% yanyuma yishyurwa (kuva 80% kugeza 100%) bitera guhangayika bidasanzwe. Aka karere gasaba guhorana umuriro wa voltage aho reaction yimiti igenda igorana, ikabyara ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi igatwara ibyifuzo bidakenewe. Kubakoresha bashira imbere kuramba kurenza igihe ntarengwa, gukomeza kwishyuza hagati ya 20-80% bitanga ubuzima bwiza.

Uburyo bwiza bwo Kwishyuza

Gusobanukirwa byuzuye byuzuye bituma ingeso nziza yo kwishyuza iringaniza ibyoroshye no kuramba kwa bateri. Kubikoresha buri munsi, igice cyo kwishyuza igice kigaragaza imbaraga nke kuri bateri kuruta kwishyuza inshuro 100%. Impuguke nyinshi za batiri zirasaba kugumana amafaranga hagati ya 30-80% kugirango ikoreshwe bisanzwe, yemerera kwishyurwa byuzuye mugihe bikenewe cyane.

Umuvuduko wo kwishyuza ugira ingaruka kuri bateri n'ubushyuhe. Kwishyuza byihuse kwishyurwa byuzuye bitanga ubushyuhe burenze ubwishyu buhoro, kwihuta kwangirika. Iyo igihe kibyemereye, ukoresheje wattage yo hasi - igabanya imbaraga zumuriro mugihe cyo kwishyuza. Batare yashizwe kuri 5W mugihe cyamasaha atatu ihura niyangirika kurenza iyishyizwe kuri 20W mugihe cyisaha, nubwo byombi bigera kumashanyarazi yuzuye.

Igihe cyingirakamaro nkurwego rwo kwishyuza.Kureka igikoresho cyacometse nyuma yo kwishyurwa byuzuye ntabwo byangiza nkuko benshi babyizera, mugihe sisitemu yo kwishyurwa ari nziza -. Amashanyarazi meza yinjira muburyo bwo kubungabunga aho atanga gusa amashanyarazi ahagije kugirango yishyireho - gusohora, mubisanzwe 2 - 5mA. Ariko, niba igikoresho gikoresha imbaraga mugihe ucometse muri - nko gukina cyangwa kwerekana amashusho-bateri irashobora kuzunguruka hagati ya 98-100% inshuro nyinshi, byihutisha kwambara.

Gucunga ubushyuhe mugihe cyo kwishyuza birerekana ko ari ngombwa. Batteri igomba kwishyurwa mubushyuhe buringaniye - nibyiza hagati ya dogere 10-30 (dogere 50-86 F). Kwishyuza mubukonje bukabije bigabanya uburyo bwo kwishyuza kandi birashobora gutera lithium, mugihe kwishyuza mubushyuhe bukabije byihutisha uburyo bwose bwo kwangirika. Kuraho dosiye za terefone mugihe cyo kwishyuza kugirango utezimbere ubushyuhe, kandi wirinde kwishyuza ibikoresho hejuru yoroheje nkibitanda cyangwa ibitanda bifata ubushyuhe.

Kubikoresho bikoreshwa mugihe kimwe, nka bateri yinyuma cyangwa ibikoresho byigihe, ubibike kuri 40-50% aho kuba byuzuye. Ububiko bwa voltage bugabanya kugabanuka mugihe cyibitotsi. Reba bateri zabitswe buri mezi make hanyuma usubiremo niba zaragabanutse munsi ya 20% kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwinshi.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Gucomeka ako kanya nyuma yumuriro wuzuye bizamura ubuzima bwa bateri?

Sisitemu yo kwishyiriraho igezweho ihita ihagarika gutanga amashanyarazi akomeye iyo bateri igeze kumuriro wuzuye, ikinjira muburyo bwo kubungabunga itanga imbaraga nkeya. Gucomeka ako kanya nyuma yuburyo bwuzuye butanga inyungu zidasanzwe keretse niba ukoresha igikoresho cyane mugihe ucometse, bishobora gutera micro - gusiganwa ku magare hagati ya 98-100%. Kubakoresha benshi, gusiga igikoresho cyacometse kumasaha make yinyongera ntibitera ingaruka mbi.

Kuki ijanisha rya bateri ryanjye rigabanuka vuba nyuma yo kwerekana 100%?

Ibi mubisanzwe byerekana ibibazo bya kalibrasi ya batiri aho gutakaza ubushobozi nyabwo. Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri igereranya urwego rwo kwishyuza rushingiye kuri voltage n'ibipimo bigezweho. Niba ibi bigereranyo biva mubyukuri, sisitemu irashobora gutanga raporo 100% mugihe amafaranga yishyuwe ari make. Gukora ibintu byuzuye - cycle cycle rimwe na rimwe bifasha guhindura sisitemu, nubwo ibi bidakenewe kurenza amezi make.

Kwishyuza birenze bishobora kwangiza bateri ndetse na sisitemu zo kurinda kijyambere?

Amafaranga arenze urugero - arenga 4.2V kuri selile - ni gake cyane hamwe na charger hamwe nibikoresho byiza. Inzira zo gukingira zifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kurinda ibintu birinda voltage kurenga imipaka itekanye. Nyamara, gukomeza kubungabunga bateri ku gipimo cya 100%, ndetse no kuri voltage ikwiye, byihutisha iyangirika ryimiti. Ijambo "kwishyuza birenze urugero" rikoreshwa nabi kugirango risobanure igihe kirekire kwishyurwa byuzuye, bitera guhagarika umutima aho kuba amafaranga arenze urugero.

Nabwirwa n'iki ko bateri yanjye igeze ku giciro cyuzuye niba icyerekezo cyacitse?

Hatariho ibipimo byakazi, urashobora gukoresha ibipimo bya voltage hamwe na multimeter. Kuri bateri imwe - selile lithium - ion bateri, amafaranga yuzuye ni 4.2V apimye murwego rwa batiri. Kuri paki nyinshi - selile, gwiza 4.2V numubare w'utugingo dukurikirana. Ubundi, andika igihe cyo kwishyuza - bateri nyinshi zisaba amasaha 2 - amasaha 3 kugirango yishyure byuzuye kuva hafi-ubusa hamwe na charger zisanzwe. Kwishyuza birenze iki gihe ntarengwa nta gihindutse mubushyuhe bwa batiri byerekana ko byuzuye byuzuye.

Ibitekerezo byanyuma kubuyobozi bwuzuye

Chimie ya Bateri ntabwo yahindutse muburyo bwimyaka mirongo, ariko imyumvire yacu yuburyo bwiza bwo kwishyuza ikomeje kwiyongera. Inganda ubu zimenye ko gukurikirana amafaranga 100% buri cyiciro kizanwa nubucuruzi - abakoresha benshi banga niba bamenyeshejwe neza ubundi buryo.

Reba ibyo ukeneye hamwe nimyitwarire isanzwe. Abantu benshi barashobora gukora hamwe na 80% yishyurwa kubikorwa bya buri munsi, kubika amafaranga yuzuye muminsi mugihe igihe kinini cyo gukora ari ngombwa. Iri hinduka ryoroheje, rifatanije no kwirinda gusohora cyane munsi ya 20%, birashobora kongera igihe cyiza cya bateri igihe cya 50-100% udakeneye ibikoresho byihariye cyangwa ikibazo gikomeye.

Inganda zikoranabuhanga zigenda zimenyera buhoro buhoro. Ababikora benshi ubu barimo ibiranga ubuzima bwa bateri, uburyo bwo kugabanya ibicuruzwa, hamwe na algorithms yo kwishyiriraho imiterere igabanya igihe cyakoreshejwe ku giciro cyuzuye. Nkuko bateri zerekana ibibazo byibidukikije hamwe nigiciro kinini cyo gusimbuza, tegereza ibyo bintu birinda kuba bisanzwe aho guhitamo premium.

Ibyingenzi

Amafaranga yuzuye aboneka kuri voltage ntarengwa (4.2V kuri lithium - ion), ntabwo iyo bateri isoma 100% gusa

Kubungabunga bateri kumashanyarazi yuzuye byihutisha kwangirika ugereranije na leta zishyuza igice

Sisitemu yo kwishyiriraho igezweho ikoresha voltage, ikigezweho, nubushyuhe bwo kugenzura kugirango umenye neza neza

Kwishyuza hagati ya 20-80% kumikoreshereze ya buri munsi byongera cyane igihe cya bateri

Umuvuduko wuzuye wumuriro ukomeza guhoraho mugihe ubushobozi bwa bateri bugabanuka mugihe

Basabwe Guhuza Imbere

Ubushobozi bwa bateri nigipimo cyo gusohora

Litiyumu - ion ya batiri ya shimi shingiro

Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS) tekinoroji

Kwishyuza byihuse hamwe no gusesengura buhoro

Kubika Bateri uburyo bwiza