Umuvuduko wa Nominal ni iki?

Nominal voltage nigiciro gisanzwe cya voltage gihabwa sisitemu yamashanyarazi cyangwa bateri kugirango igaragaze icyiciro cyayo cya voltage, ikora nkibisobanuro aho kuba igipimo nyacyo. Kurugero, bateri yimodoka "12V" mubyukuri ikora hagati ya 10V na 13.7V bitewe nuburyo yishyurwa, ariko dukoresha 12V nka voltage yizina ryayo kugirango tumenye neza kandi bihuze na sisitemu.

Ijambo "nominal" rikomoka ku ijambo ry'ikilatini risobanura "izina" cyangwa "ryagenwe." Iyo abajenjeri bashizeho voltage nominal kumuzunguruko cyangwa igikoresho, bashiraho ibyingenzi byemerera gukora igishushanyo mbonera, gukora, no kugerageza muruganda.

Tekereza kuri voltage nominal nka voltage "izina tag" ya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi. Inzira ya 240V yo murugo ntigumana neza na 240.0000 volt buri mwanya - irashobora guhinduka hagati ya 235V na 245V mugihe gisanzwe. Agaciro nominal ya 240V itanga gusa uburyo bworoshye bwo gutondekanya no kuganira kuri sisitemu utiriwe uhindagurika muburyo buhoraho.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho byerekana ko ari ngombwa kubwimpamvu nyinshi. Abakora ibikoresho barashobora gushushanya ibicuruzwa bazi ko "120V ibikoresho" bizahura na voltage murwego ruteganijwe mumazu kwisi yose. Abashinzwe amashanyarazi barashobora kwerekana ibice bishingiye kumasomo ya voltage nka 11kV, 33kV, cyangwa 132kV badakeneye kubara kuri buri gihindagurika gito. Umuvuduko w'izina uhinduka ururimi rusanzwe rutuma ibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi bishoboka.

Sisitemu ya Batteri ishingiye cyane kumurongo wa voltage nominal. Litiyumu - ion selile ifite voltage nominal ya 3.7V izapima mubyukuri 4.2V mugihe yuzuye kandi ikamanuka kuri 3.0V mugihe igabanutse, nyamara abayikora bayita 3.7V kuko ibi byerekana intera ifatika mumurongo wo gusohora aho bateri itanga ingufu nyinshi zikoreshwa.

Inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha ibyiciro byinshi bya voltage bikunze kwitiranwa nundi. Buri kimwe gikora intego yihariye mugushushanya na sisitemu.

Umuvuduko w'izinarishyiraho ingingo yerekanwe - icyiciro cya voltage cyangwa "izina" rya sisitemu. Nicyo ubona kubirango byibikoresho nibisobanuro. Iyo uguze igikoresho cyapimwe kuri 24V, nicyo cyiswe voltage nominal.

Gukoresha voltageYerekana voltage nyayo yapimwe kubikoresho bya terefone mugihe nyacyo - ikora. Agaciro gahindagurika hashingiwe kumiterere yimitwaro, ubwiza bwingufu, nibidukikije. Sisitemu y'izina ya 24V irashobora kwerekana voltage ikora aho ariho hose kuva 22V kugeza 28V bitewe nuburyo iri munsi yumutwaro uremereye cyangwa umutwaro woroshye.

Ikigereranyo cya voltageisobanura igipimo ntarengwa cya voltage ibikoresho bishobora gukora ubudahwema nta byangiritse cyangwa imikorere mibi. Umuvuduko wateganijwe ugomba kurenza voltage nominal ku ntera ihagije kugirango ihuze n’imihindagurikire y’amashanyarazi. Kubikoresho byabugenewe kuri sisitemu ya nominal 132kV, voltage yagenwe irashobora kugaragazwa nka 132kV ± 10%, bigatuma intera ikora yemewe kuva 118.8kV kugeza 145.2kV.

Suzuma urugero rufatika hamwe na break break circuit. Umuvuduko w'izina ni 240V (sisitemu ya sisitemu), voltage ikora iratandukanye hagati ya 230V na 250V mugihe cyo kuyikoresha bisanzwe, kandi voltage yagenwe ishobora kuba 275V (ntarengwa uwamennye ashobora guhagarara neza nta byangiritse).

Iri tandukaniro riba ingenzi mubikorwa bya batiri. Batare ya 24V ya lithium ifite voltage nominal ya 25.6V (ishingiye ku ngirabuzimafatizo umunani 3.2V LiFePO4 ikurikiranye), ikora hejuru yumuriro wa 20V kugeza 29.2V bitewe nuburyo bwishyurwa, kandi ifite ingufu zingana n’umuriro wa 29.2V kugirango wirinde kwangirika kw ingirabuzimafatizo.

nominal voltage

Batteri yerekana ikibazo cyihariye kuri voltage nominal kuko ibisohoka bya voltage bihinduka mugihe cyo gusohora. Bitandukanye na sisitemu ya AC ifite ingufu zingana zingana, bateri zifite imbaraga zo kugabanuka nkuko zirekura ingufu zabitswe.

Imiti itandukanye ya batiri yashizeho voltage nominal ukurikije imiterere ya electrochemic:

Litiyumu - ion (Li - ion)bateri ikoresha 3.7V kuri selile nka voltage nominal. Utugingo ngengabuzima twishyuza 4.2V kandi tugomba gusohora munsi ya 3.0V kugirango urambe. Izina rya 3.7V ryerekana voltage aho izo bateri zitanga ubwinshi mubushobozi bwabo.

Litiyumu ya fosifate (LiFePO4)bateri ikora kuri nominal 3.2V kuri selile, hamwe na voltage yuzuye yuzuye ya 3.65V hamwe na voltage ntoya ya 2.5V. Umuvuduko wo hasi wizina ugereranije na lithium isanzwe - ion yerekana chimiya itandukanye nibisohoka.

Kurongora - asidebateri zifite voltage nominal ya 2.0V kuri selile. Bisanzwe "12V" isonga - bateri yimodoka ya acide mubyukuri irimo selile esheshatu zikurikirana (6 × 2.0V=12 V nominal), nubwo ipima 12.6V mugihe yuzuye kandi 10.5V iyo isohotse.

Nickel - hydride y'icyuma (NiMH)na nikel - cadmium (NiCd) selile zombi zifite voltage nominal ya 1.2V, nubwo zigera kuri 1.4V iyo zishyuwe byuzuye na 1.0V mugihe zashize.

Umuvuduko w'izina ukora nk'urwego rusanzwe rworoshya igishushanyo mbonera cya batiri no gusobanukirwa kw'abaguzi. Iyo ubonye ipaki ya batiri yanditseho "48V," uhita umenya icyiciro cyayo cya voltage itagikeneye gukurikirana voltage yacyo kuri buri rwego.

Abakora bateri bakoresha nkana voltage nominal kuri label aho gukoresha voltage nini kubwumutekano no kwamamaza. Gukora selile zifite voltage isa neza biragoye cyane - ndetse na bateri ziva kumurongo umwe zerekana itandukaniro rito. Mugucuruza bateri kuri voltage yizina ryabo, abayikora birinda ikibazo cyo kugurisha "bateri 12V" ishobora gupima 11.7V, ishobora kuyobya abakiriya cyangwa kurenga kubipimo byamamaza.

Sisitemu ya batiri ya 24V ya lithium yerekana uburyo voltage nominal ikora mubikorwa bifatika, cyane cyane mubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, kubika ingufu zizuba, hamwe nogukoresha marine.

Batiri ya 24V ya lithium ntabwo ikora mubyukuri 24 volt. Umuvuduko w'izina uterwa na chimie ya selile. Kuri chimie ya LiFePO4 (ikunze kugaragara kuri sisitemu ya 24V), voltage nyirizina ni 25,6V, igerwaho no guhuza selile umunani 3.2V zikurikirana (8 × 3.2V=25.6 V).

Umuvuduko wa voltage ya 24V ya litiro ya litiro iratandukanye cyane bitewe nuburyo bwishyurwa:

Byuzuye: 29.2V (buri selile kuri 3.65V)Nominal (kwishyurwa 50%): 25.6V (buri selile kuri 3.2V)
Yarekuwe burundu: 20V (buri selile kuri 2.5V)

Iyi nini ya voltage swing igira ingaruka kuri sisitemu. Ibikoresho byanditseho "24V bihuye" bigomba gukora iyi ntera ya voltage yose. Inverteri ya 24V kugeza 230V, kurugero, mubisanzwe irerekana intera yinjiza ya 19V kugeza 33V kugirango ihuze na voltage ya bateriyeri mugihe cyayo gisohoka.

Kugenzura ibicuruzwa kuri sisitemu ya 24V ya lithium igomba gutanga 29.2V ± 0.2V kugirango yishyure neza bateri. Gukoresha charger isanzwe ya 24V yagenewe kuyobora - bateri ya aside ntishobora gukora - ntabwo izatanga voltage ihagije kugirango yishyure selile ya lithium. Ibi byerekana ikosa risanzwe mugihe abakoresha bazamuye kuva kuri - acide kugeza kuri bateri ya lithium batanongeye kuzamura ibikoresho byabo byo kwishyuza.

Umuvuduko w'izina ugena kandi imirasire y'izuba kuri sisitemu ya 24V. Kubera ko imirasire y'izuba ku giti cye ikora kuri 12V, banki ya batiri ya 24V isaba ibyuma bibiri bya 12V byatsindagiye mu ruhererekane cyangwa icyuma kimwe cya - cya voltage kugira ngo gitange ingufu zihagije zo kwishyuza. Sisitemu yo kwishyuza igomba gusohora voltage irenze nomero ya batiri nomero 25.6V kugirango isunike amashanyarazi muri selile.

Ibikorwa nyabyo - isi yerekana akamaro ko gusobanukirwa ibi biranga voltage. Mu modoka ikoresha amashanyarazi ikoresha bateri ya 24V ya lithium, sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS) ikurikirana ingufu za selile kugirango ikumire hejuru ya - isohoka munsi ya 20V cyangwa kwishyuza hejuru ya 29.2V. Gukorera hanze yiyi mipaka birashobora kwangiza burundu selile cyangwa bigatera umutekano muke.

Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi kwisi yose ikurikiza amazina ya voltage asanzwe atuma ibikoresho bihuza n'umutekano. Ibipimo biratandukanye hagati ya sisitemu ya AC (isimburana nubu) na DC (itaziguye).

Sisitemu y'amashanyarazikoresha voltage nominal itandukanye mukarere:

Sisitemu yo gutura muri Amerika ya ruguru ikora kuri nomero 120V (icyiciro kimwe - icyiciro) na 240V nominal (gutandukana - icyiciro). Umuvuduko nyawo mubisanzwe uratandukanye hagati ya 114V na 126V kuri sisitemu ya 120V.

Sisitemu yo gutura muburayi ndetse n’amahanga yose ikoresha nominal 230V (mbere 220V cyangwa 240V mubihugu bitandukanye, ubu ikaba igera kuri 230V ± 6% kugirango yemere ibice byombi).

Sisitemu yinganda nubucuruzi ikoresha voltage nini cyane: 480V (isanzwe munganda zo muri Amerika ya ruguru), 400V (sisitemu yo mu cyiciro cya gatatu -), ndetse n’umuvuduko mwinshi woherejwe na 11kV, 33kV, 132kV, 230kV, na 765kV ku miyoboro yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi.

Sisitemu y'amashanyarazikurikira amazina atandukanye ya voltage nominal:

Sisitemu yimodoka: 12V nominal (imodoka nyinshi), 24V nominal (amakamyo na bisi), 48V nominal (ibinyabiziga bimwe bivangavanze)

Itumanaho: 48V nominal (ibikoresho byitumanaho, ibigo byamakuru)

Ububiko bw'izuba na batiri: 12V, 24V, 48V nominal (sisitemu yo guturamo), voltage nyinshi mubikorwa byubucuruzi

Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi: 3.7V cyangwa 3.6V (terefone, mudasobwa zigendanwa ukoresheje lithium - ion), 1.5V (bateri ya alkaline), 9V (bateri isanzwe y'urukiramende)

Izi voltage zisanzwe zisanzwe zitanga ubwuzuzanye mubakora n'uturere twa geografiya. Igikoresho cyagenewe gukora 12V kizakorana nimbaraga zose za 12V, yaba bateri yimodoka, adaptate yurukuta, cyangwa umugenzuzi wizuba - ukeka ko ubushobozi buriho bujuje ibisabwa.

Komisiyo mpuzamahanga y’amashanyarazi (IEC) ikomeza ibipimo ngenderwaho ku isi ku bijyanye na voltage nominal binyuze muri IEC 60038, isobanura ingufu zisanzwe ziri hejuru ya 100V. Ibipimo ngenderwaho birinda akaduruvayo byavamo niba buri ruganda rwahisemo urwego rwa voltage uko bishakiye kubicuruzwa byabo.

Imbaraga za sisitemu zigomba gukora muribi bikoresho bya voltage. Mugihe hagaragajwe icyuma cyumuzunguruko kumurongo wa 132kV, abajenjeri bazi ko voltage yamenetse igomba kurenza 132kV kugirango ikemure ihindagurika risanzwe rya voltage, mubisanzwe bagaragaza 145.2kV (132kV + 10%) nkumubyigano ntarengwa wagenwe.

nominal voltage

Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bikora neza gusa mugihe abashushanya bashizemo imipaka ikwiye yumutekano - buffer hagati ya voltage nominal na voltage yagenwe yakira ihindagurika ryukuri rya -.

Sisitemu nyinshi zamashanyarazi zigumana kwihanganira voltage ya ± 10% hafi yagaciro. Sisitemu y'izina 240V igomba gukora neza aho ariho hose kuva 216V kugeza 264V. Ibikoresho byapimwe kuri sisitemu bigomba gukemura ibyo bitandukanijwe nta kwangirika kwimikorere cyangwa ibibazo byumutekano.

Umuvuduko wapimwe wibikoresho buri gihe urenze voltage nominal kuriyi ntera yumutekano. Tekereza moteri yinganda ifite icyapa cyanditseho "440V ± 10%." Iyi moteri ifite voltage nominal ya 440V ariko irashobora gukora neza kuva 396V kugeza 484V {{7} range umuyoboro wa voltage wakira ihindagurika ryumuriro usanzwe utarinze kwangiza moteri ya moteri.

Impamvu nyinshi zikenera izo mpanuka z'umutekano:

Umuvuduko w'amashanyaraziBibaho mumirongo yohereza hamwe ninsinga kubera kurwanywa, cyane cyane munsi yumutwaro uremereye. Umurongo w'amashanyarazi ufite 240V nominal ku isoko ushobora gutanga 230V gusa kumpera yanyuma yo gukwirakwiza birebire.

Gutandukanya ibintubigira ingaruka kumashanyarazi. Iyo moteri nini cyangwa indi mitwaro iremereye itangiye, irashobora gukuramo by'agateganyo sisitemu ya voltage. Iyo iyi mitwaro ifunze, voltage irashobora kuzamuka mugihe gito hejuru yizina.

Ibibazo byubuziranengenkibintu bihuza, byimyanya, hamwe na voltage sags bibaho buri gihe mumashanyarazi. Ibikoresho bigomba kwihanganira izo mvururu nta kunanirwa.

Itandukaniro rya geografiyamu gutanga amashanyarazi bivuze ko voltage "nominal" itandukanye gato mukarere. Igipimo cy’iburayi 230V cyakira ibihugu byakoresheje amateka ya 220V n’abakoresha 240V.

Sisitemu ya bateri isaba cyane cyane gucunga neza voltage. Batteri ya Litiyumu yangirika burundu iyo yishyuwe hejuru yumubyigano ntarengwa cyangwa wasohotse munsi yumubyigano muto. Batare ya 24V ya lithium irashobora kugira voltage nominal ya 25.6V, ariko BMS igomba kwirinda kwishyuza hejuru ya 29.2V (igipimo ntarengwa cyagenwe) no gusohora munsi ya 20V (ntarengwa yo kugabanuka).

Itandukaniro riri hagati yumubyigano nu nominal bigomba kuba binini bihagije kugirango bihuze ibyateganijwe mugihe gito bihagije kugirango bikomeze gukora neza. Amafaranga arenze urugero bisobanura ibintu binini, bihenze; margin idahagije ishobora kwangiza ibikoresho mugihe cyo kuzenguruka voltage.

Mugihe voltage nominal ari tekinike yagaciro aho kuba imwe yapimwe, gusobanukirwa uburyo voltage nyayo ifitanye isano nagaciro bisaba tekiniki yo gupima neza.

Kuri bateri, gupima voltage ifunguye (OCV) - voltage idafite umutwaro uhujwe - itanga gusoma neza. Huza multimeter ya digitale kuri terefone hanyuma utegereze iminota 15 - nyuma yiminota 30 nyuma yo guhagarika imizigo iyo ari yo yose kugirango voltage ihagarare. Batare ya 12V ya aside-acide kuri 50% yishyurwa mubisanzwe izasoma hafi 12.2V, mugihe bateri ya 12V ya litiro kuri 50% isoma hafi ya 13V.

Umuvuduko wa nominal wubushakashatsi bushya bwa batiri ugenwa na chimie yacyo hamwe nigeragezwa ryakozwe. Ba injeniyeri basohora bateri ku gipimo gisanzwe (mubisanzwe 0.2C-20% yubushobozi bwa bateri ku isaha) mubushyuhe bwicyumba bagategura umurongo wa voltage. Umuvuduko w'izina watoranijwe ukurikije aho bateri imara umwanya munini wo gusohora.

Kuri sisitemu ya AC, koresha RMS yukuri (imizi bivuze kare) multimeter kugirango upime voltage neza. Imetero isanzwe irashobora kwerekana ibyasomwe nabi kuri electronique igezweho hamwe na - sinusoidal waveforms. Gupima voltage kumurongo wibikoresho, ntabwo ari kumwanya wo gukwirakwiza, kugirango ubare imbaraga za voltage mumashanyarazi.

Ibipimo bya voltage ya bateri ihinduka bitewe nibintu byinshi:

Leta ishinzweni Ingaruka y'ibanze. Bateri yuzuye ya 24V LiFePO4 isoma 29.2V, mugihe bateri imwe kuri 20% yishyuye isoma nka 24V, naho 10% ikamanuka ikamanuka kuri 22V.

Imiterere yumutwarobitera guhita ugabanuka. Batare irashobora gusoma 25.6V idafite umutwaro ariko ikamanuka kuri 24.5V mugihe utanze amps 50 kuri inverter. Iyi voltage sag ituruka kumurwanya wimbere.

Ubushyuhebigira ingaruka kuri voltage ya bateri. Batteri ikonje yerekana imbaraga za voltage zisomwe kuruta bateri zishyushye kumurongo umwe. Batare ya 12V ya litiro irashobora gusoma 12.8V kuri dogere 20 ariko 12.4V gusa kuri -10 dogere.

Imyaka n'ubuzimaingaruka za voltage ziranga. Batteri zishaje hamwe nubwiyongere bwimbere bwerekana imbaraga nyinshi zagabanutse munsi yumutwaro, kabone niyo umuyagankuba wafunguye ugaragara nkibisanzwe.

Sisitemu yo gukurikirana bateri yumwuga ikurikirana voltage ubudahwema kandi igatanga imiterere yikigereranyo mugereranya voltage yapimwe nu murongo uzwi wo gusohora ibintu bya chimie yihariye. Izi sisitemu zitanga ubunyangamugayo burenze ibipimo byoroheje bya voltage byonyine, cyane cyane kuri bateri ya LiFePO4 igumana ingufu zingana zingana hafi ya zose zisohoka.

Nominal voltage ibisobanuro biyobora ibyemezo bikomeye mugushushanya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, kuva guhitamo ibice bihuye kugeza gukora neza mumikorere itandukanye.

Imirasire y'izubabisaba voltage yitonze ihuza panne, abagenzuzi bishyuza, bateri, na inverter. Imirasire y'izuba 24V isanzwe ikoresha:

Umunani 3.2V LiFePO4 selile ikurikirana (bateri 25,6V nominal) Imirasire y'izuba ibiri 12V ikurikiranye (itanga 36-40V kugirango yishyure bateri)
Umugenzuzi wa 24V MPPT (wemera 19-33V yinjiza) A 24V kugeza 230V inverter (ikora kuva 20-30V yinjiza)

Buri kintu cyose kigomba gukora voltage ya sisitemu ya 24V ya nominal, ntabwo ari nominal 25.6V gusa. Umuvuduko udahuye uganisha ku kwishyurwa kudakora neza, kwangiza ibikoresho, cyangwa kunanirwa kwa sisitemu.

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'amashanyaraziyishingikiriza cyane kuri bateri yamapaki nominal voltage. Igare rya 48V e - rikoresha:

Ingirabuzimafatizo 13 za 3.7V lithium - ion zikurikirana (13 × 3.7V=48.1 V nominal) selile 15 za 3.2V LiFePO4 murukurikirane (15 × 3.2V=48 V nominal)

Moteri, umugenzuzi, na BMS bigomba kwakira amashanyarazi yuzuye kuva yasohotse kugeza yuzuye. Sisitemu y'izina ya 48V mubyukuri ikora hagati ya 39V (yasohotse) na 54.6V (yishyurwa kuri lithium - ion) cyangwa hagati ya 37.5V na 54,75V (kuri LiFePO4).

Ibikoresho byo mu ngandaIbisobanuro buri gihe byerekana nominal voltage. Moteri ya convoyeur yapimwe "440V, icyiciro 3" ikora kuri sisitemu ya 440V ariko igomba gukora neza 396V kugeza 484V (440V ± 10%). Gushyira moteri kuri sisitemu ya 380V byatera imikorere idahwitse; kuyihuza na sisitemu ya 690V byangiza insulation.

Porogaramu zo mu nyanjamubisanzwe ukoreshe sisitemu ya 24V kuko itanga uburinganire bwiza hagati yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi numutekano. Ubwato busanzwe butwara ubwato bushobora gukoresha:

24V banki ya batiri (800Ah ubushobozi bwa 25.6V nominal=20.5 kWh) 24V isimburana (kwishyuza 29.2V, 100A)
24V DC imizigo (amatara, pompe, electronike kuri voltage zitandukanye) 24V kugeza 12V ihindura (kubikoresho byumurage 12V) 24V kugeza 230V inverter (kubikoresho bya AC)

Kumva ko iyi "sisitemu ya 24V" ikora hagati ya 20V na 29.2V itanga uburyo bwo guhitamo ibikoresho neza kandi ikarinda kwangirika kwa voltage idahuye.

Igishushanyo mbonera cyamakuruikoresha amashanyarazi ya 48V DC kuko itanga imikorere myiza ugereranije no gukwirakwiza AC gakondo. Izina rya 48V ryemerera gutanga ingufu zingirakamaro (kugeza 2000W kuri buri muzunguruko kuri 40A) mugihe usigaye munsi yumutambiko wa 60V bisaba gutekereza cyane kumutekano mumashanyarazi menshi.

nominal voltage

Ubwinshi bwubwumvikane buke kuri voltage nominal butera ibibazo byibikoresho no kwitiranya abakoresha.

"Batare yanjye ya 12V isoma 13.7V, ifite inenge?"Ibi birerekana wenda imyumvire ikunze kugaragara - kwitiranya voltage nominal na voltage nyayo. Amashanyarazi ya 12V - acide yuzuye yuzuye igomba gusoma 12.6-12.8V, mugihe bateri ya litiro 12V igera kuri 13.3-13.4V mugihe yuzuye. Byombi birakora mubisanzwe nubwo birenze igipimo cya voltage nominal.

"Nshobora gukoresha charger iyo ari yo yose 24V hamwe na batiri yanjye 24V."Chimie ya Bateri ifite akamaro kanini. 24V isasu - charger ya acide isohoka hafi 27.6V kugirango yishyure bateri - acide, ariko bateri ya litiro 24V isaba 29.2V kugirango yishyure byuzuye. Gukoresha ubwoko bwa charger butari bwo bivamo kwishyurwa bituzuye no kugabanya ubushobozi.

"Umuvuduko uri munsi y'izina, bityo bateri yanjye ni mbi."Umuvuduko uri munsi ya voltage nominal mubisanzwe werekana bateri yasohotse, ntabwo ifite inenge. Batiri ya 24V ya litiro kuri 24V hafi 40% yishyurwa - hasi, ariko ntabwo yangiritse. Gusa iyo voltage igabanutse munsi yumuriro wa voltage (20V kuri 24V lithium) havuka impungenge.

"Napimye 245V ku muyoboro wanjye wa 240V, hari ibitagenda neza."Umuvuduko uri hejuru yizina ni ibisanzwe. Sisitemu nyinshi zamashanyarazi zikorana na 5-10%. Gusoma 245V biri mubipimo byemewe kuri sisitemu ya nomero 240V. Impungenge ziremewe gusa mugihe voltage ihora irenze imipaka yagabanijwe.

Gukemura ibibazo bya voltagebisaba uburyo bunoze:

Ubwa mbere, bapima voltage nyayo hamwe na multimeter nziza. Ibibazo byinshi bya voltage bituruka kubipimo bitari byo ukoresheje metero zihenze cyangwa gupima ahantu hatari mukuzunguruka.

Icya kabiri, menya ubwoko bwikibazo cya voltage. Umuvuduko muke uri munsi yumutwaro werekana umuvuduko ukabije wumuyoboro utagabanije cyangwa insinga mbi. Umuvuduko muke udafite umutwaro byerekana ibibazo byo gutanga amashanyarazi cyangwa bateri zasohotse. Umuvuduko mwinshi urashobora kwerekana kunanirwa kugenzura cyangwa kugenzura nabi.

Icya gatatu, reba voltage ahantu henshi. Umuvuduko kuri terefone ya batiri urashobora kuba ibisanzwe mugihe voltage kubikoresho yerekana igabanuka rikomeye, yerekana insinga cyangwa ibibazo bihuza ibice.

Kuri sisitemu ya bateri, kurikirana voltage irwanya leta. Umuvuduko - kugeza - Imbonerahamwe ya SOC ya chimie yihariye ya bateri yerekana niba voltage yagaragaye ari ibisanzwe kurwego rwubu. Batteri ya LiFePO4 igumana ingufu zingana zingana kuva 90% kugeza kuri 20% yumuriro, bigatuma voltage yonyine yerekana ibimenyetso byizewe byubushobozi busigaye.

Ibikoresho bitazakorera kuri sisitemu ifite voltage yukuri irashobora kuba ifite voltage yihariye ikenewe hanze yurwego rusanzwe. Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki byoroshye bisaba imbaraga ziteganijwe neza (± 2-3%) nubwo amashanyarazi atanga ± 10% kwihanganira. Ongeraho amabwiriza ya voltage cyangwa gukoresha UPS birashobora gukemura ibyo bibazo.

Batteri nominal voltage yerekana impuzandengo ikora, ntabwo ari voltage ntarengwa. Batare yuzuye yuzuye irenze voltage yizina ryayo kuko voltage nominal yatoranijwe hashingiwe hagati yumurongo wo gusohora aho bateri itanga ingufu nyinshi. Litiyumu ya 3.7V - ion selile yishyuza kuri 4.2V ikanasohora kuri 3.0V, hamwe na 3.7V igereranya voltage aho ikoresha igice kinini cyigihe cyayo cyo gusohora.

Guhuza igikoresho kugirango wikubye kabiri voltage nominal bizangiza cyangwa bisenye. Ariko, urashobora gukoresha neza 24V kugeza 12V DC - DC ihindura kugirango umanure voltage. Ihinduranya risanzwe mumodoka nubwato bukoresha bateri yinzu ya 24V ariko bikenera ingufu za 12V electronics.

Gukora hejuru ya voltage yagabanutse bishobora kwangiza ibikoresho binyuze mumashanyarazi, ubushyuhe bukabije, cyangwa gutsindwa ako kanya. Umutekano wumutekano ubaho kumashanyarazi yigihe gito, ariko imikorere irambye hejuru ya voltage yagabanijwe itesha agaciro ubuzima bwibikoresho cyangwa bigatera kunanirwa gukabije. Kuri bateri, kurenza voltage ntarengwa birashobora gukurura ubushyuhe bwumuriro, cyane cyane muri chimisties ya lithium.

Gupima ibisohoka voltage hamwe na multimeter munsi nta mutwaro. Ibi biguha amashanyarazi afunguye, bizaba hejuru gato kurenza nominal. Amashanyarazi menshi ya DC atanga umusaruro 5-15% hejuru yurwego rwizina rwabo nta mutwaro, ugabanuka kuri voltage nominal munsi yumutwaro wagenwe. Isoko ridafite urutonde rwo gusoma 13.8V birashoboka ko rifite 12V nominal, mugihe umwe usoma 29V birashoboka ko ari 24V nominal.