Amahirwe yo kwishyuza nuburyo bwo kwishyuza bateri aho ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi cyangwa ibikoresho byinganda byakira amafaranga igice mugihe cyo kuruhuka kwakazi aho kuba amasaha yuzuye. Batare yishyurwa igihe cyose habaye igihe cyo guhagarara - mugihe cyo kuruhuka cya sasita, guhinduka, cyangwa kuruhuka gato - mubisanzwe bigera kuri 80-85% byishyurwa mbere yuko ibikoresho bisubira muri serivisi.
Uburyo Amahirwe yo Kwishyura Akora
Amahirwe yo kwishyurwa akora muburyo butandukanye no kwishyuza bisanzwe muburyo bwa tekiniki ndetse nigitekerezo gikora. Iyo uburyo gakondo busohora bateri kubushobozi bwa 20% mbere yigihe cyamasaha 8 yumuriro, kwishyuza amahirwe bitanga imbaraga mugihe gito, kigufi.
Uburyo bwo kwishyuza bukoresha ibiciro biri hejuru kugirango bigabanye ingufu mu gihe gito. Amahirwe yumuriro atanga amps 25 kugeza 30 kumasaha 100 amp - yubushobozi bwa bateri, ugereranije na charger zisanzwe zitanga amps 16 kugeza 18 kumasaha 100 amp -. Iyi amperage yo hejuru ituma bateri yatakaye igera kuri 80-85% yumuriro mugihe cyiminota 60 kugeza 90, nubwo amasomo menshi yo kwishyuza amara iminota 10 kugeza 30 mugihe cyo kuruhuka bisanzwe.
Umurongo wo kwishyuza ukurikiza uburyo bwihariye. Kwishyuza kwambere bibaho ku gipimo ntarengwa kugeza igihe bateri igeze ku bushobozi bwa 80%. Kuri iyi mbago, igipimo cyo kwishyurwa gihita kigabanuka kugirango wirinde ubushyuhe bukabije hamwe na gaze nyinshi muri bateri ya aside -. Sisitemu nyinshi zo kwishyuza zihagarara kuri 80-85% yuburyo bwo kwishyurwa, kuko bateri zigenda zirwanya kwakira amafaranga arenze iyi ngingo. Icyumweru cyuzuye kugeza 100% gisigaye gikenewe kugirango ubuzima bwa bateri bugerweho.
Bitandukanye no kwishyuza bisanzwe bisaba amasaha 8 yo gukonjesha nyuma yigihe cyuzuye cyuzuye, kwishyuza amahirwe bitanga ubushyuhe buke kumasomo kubera igihe gito. Ibi bituma bateri ziguma mubikoresho ubudahwema guhinduranya byinshi, bikuraho gukenera gukuramo no gusimbuza.
Itandukaniro ryibanze rya tekiniki kuva kwishyurwa bisanzwe:
Igipimo cyo kwishyurwa:25-30A / 100Ah vs . 16-18 A / 100Ah
Igihe cy'amasomo:Iminota 10-90 vs . 8+ amasaha
Intego yo kwishyuza:80-85% buri munsi vs . 100% buri munsi
Cooldown ibisabwa:Amasaha make vs . 8 amasaha
Gukuraho Bateri:Ntabwo bisabwa vs ni itegeko kubikorwa byinshi - ibikorwa byo guhinduranya
Ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza birashobora gukwirakwizwa mubikoresho byose aho kwibanda mubyumba byabigenewe. Amashanyarazi asanzwe ashyirwa hafi yibyumba byo kuriramo, aho bapakira, cyangwa hejuru - ahakorerwa imirimo yumuhanda kugirango ugabanye igihe cyurugendo kandi ushishikarize imyitwarire yo kwishyuza.
Ibitekerezo bya tekinoroji ya Batiri
Chimie ya Batiri igena niba kwishyuza amahirwe byongerera cyangwa bigabanya igihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho. Imyitozo igira ingaruka kuri batiri - acide na lithium - ion bateri muburyo butandukanye.
Kuyobora - Ibibazo bya Acide
Kurongora - bateri ya acide ifite uburambe bugabanuka mugihe cyo kwishyuza protocole. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko bateri zishobora gutakaza 30% kugeza 40% byubuzima bwabo buteganijwe mugihe amahirwe yishyuwe buri gihe, bikagabanya ubuzima busanzwe bwimyaka 5 kugeza kumyaka 3.
Icyaha cyibanze ni sulfation - gushiraho kristu ya sulfate ya sisitemu ya plaque. Mu kwishyuza bisanzwe, bateri isohora hafi 20% mbere yo kwakira remarge yuzuye. Uku kuzenguruka kwuzuye kwemerera uburyo bwo kwishyuza kumena kristu ya sulfate isanzwe ikora mugihe cyo gusohora. Hamwe no kwishyuza amahirwe, bateri ntisohoka gake munsi ya 40-50% mbere yo guhabwa igice. Kirisiti ya sulfate irundanya mu bice by'amasahani atakira umuyaga uhagije kugirango uhindure inzira yo korohereza.
Izi kristu zifata buhoro buhoro kandi zirwanya guseswa. Iyo sulfation imaze kugera ku ntera igezweho, ibice byibasiwe na plaque ya batiri biba bidakora burundu, bigabanya ubushobozi muri rusange nigihe cyo gukora. Abakora bateri babikemura binyuze muburyo bwo kuringaniza - kugenzura neza ibicuruzwa birenze urugero bitanga ubushyuhe ningufu zinyuze mubice bya sulfate. Ndetse hamwe no kuringaniza buri cyumweru, amahirwe - yashizwemo icyuma cya batiri - acide isaba kuringaniza inshuro nyinshi kuruta ibice bisanzwe byashizwemo.
Ubushyuhe bwo kubyara bushyira hamwe ikibazo. Buri cyiciro cyo kwishyuza gitanga ubushyuhe, kandi amasomo menshi kumunsi atera cumulative yumuriro. Kurongora - bateri ya aside isaba ubushyuhe bwihariye kugirango igumane imikorere myiza, kandi ubushyuhe bukabije bwihutisha gutakaza electrolyte binyuze muri gaze. Abakoresha bagomba gukurikiranira hafi urwego rwamazi, kuko kwishyuza amahirwe birashobora kongera ibisabwa byo kubungabunga 40-60% ugereranije no kwishyurwa bisanzwe.
Litiyumu - Ibyiza bya Ion
Litiyumu - batteri ion zisubiza muburyo bwo kwishyuza amahirwe. Uburyo bwo kwishyuza burashobora kwongerera igihe cya bateri mugukomeza selile murwego rwiza rwa voltage.
Litiyumu - ion chimie itera imbere kumurongo wikurikiranya. Gusohora cyane hamwe ninzinguzingo zuzuye zitera guhangayikishwa cyane na selile ya lithium kuruta gukomeza urwego ruri hagati ya 20% na 90%. Amahirwe yo kwishyuza mubisanzwe abika bateri muriki cyiciro cyiza, wirinda imbaraga za voltage zihuta kwangirika. Uruganda rukomeye rukora ibikoresho rwanditseho miliyoni zisaga 1 z'amadolari yo kuzigama buri mwaka nyuma yo guhindura bateri ya lithium - ion hamwe no kwishyuza amahirwe, cyane cyane binyuze mu kuvanaho bateri no kongera ibikoresho biboneka.
Litiyumu - bateri ya ion yishyuza byihuse kuruta gurş - ihwanye na aside. Litiyumu yuzuye - bateri ya ion irashobora kugera kuri 80% muminota 60 cyangwa munsi yayo, ugereranije namasaha menshi ya aside - aside. Ubu bushobozi bwihuse bwo kwishyuza buhuza bisanzwe na gahunda yo kwishyuza. Batteri nayo igumana voltage ihoraho mugihe cyo gusohora kwayo, itanga imbaraga zihamye haba kuri 80% cyangwa 30%.
Birashoboka cyane cyane kunenga, bateri ya lithium - ion ntisaba amafaranga angana, ibihe bikonje, cyangwa kubungabunga amazi. Barashobora kwishyurwa ako kanya nyuma yo kuyikoresha, kandi sisitemu yo gucunga bateri ihita ihindura ibiciro byamafaranga kugirango birinde ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa umuriro mwinshi. Ibi bituma amahirwe yo kwishyurwa mubikorwa byoroshye kandi bigabanya umutwaro wamahugurwa kubakoresha ibikoresho.
Inyungu zikorwa no kuzigama ibiciro
Amahirwe yo kwishyuza ahindura ibikoresho byubukungu bukora ibikorwa bikora ibintu byinshi cyangwa byongerewe rimwe. Ingaruka zamafaranga zirenze ikiguzi cya batiri kigaragara kugirango kigire ingaruka kumurimo, imikoreshereze yumwanya, n'umuvuduko wimikorere.
Ibikoresho Uptime n'umusaruro
Guhinduranya bateri bitwara iminota 20 kugeza kuri 40 muguhana mugihe ubaze igihe cyurugendo, kuyikuramo, kuyisimbuza, no gusubiza bateri yatakaye mukarere karimo kwishyuza. Ibikorwa bibiri - ibikorwa byo guhinduranya gukora swap imwe kuri buri kamyo kumunsi biratakaza iki gihe kubikorwa bitanga umusaruro. Kumodoka yamakamyo 20, igereranya iminota 400 kugeza 800 yumusaruro wabuze buri munsi.
Amahirwe yo kwishyuza akuraho izo mbogamizi. Abakoresha bahuza ibikoresho na chargeri hafi mugihe cyo kuruhuka. Ikiruhuko cy'iminota 15 cya sasita gitanga amafaranga ahagije yo gukomeza ibikorwa kugeza ikiruhuko gikurikira. Ibikoresho bikomeza gukora muri sisitemu yose, hamwe no kwishyuza bibaho mugihe ababikora batakoraga uko byagenda kose.
Uku kuboneka kuboneka kwinshi mugihe runaka. Ububiko butunganya 500 pallet yimuka kumunsi birashobora kongera ibicuruzwa bigera kuri 520-540 mugukuraho gusa gutinda guhindura bateri. Kwiyongera k'umusaruro akenshi gushimangira ishoramari ry'ibikorwa remezo mu mezi 18 kugeza 24.
Kuzigama Umwanya n'Ibikorwa Remezo
Kwishyuza bisanzwe kubikorwa byinshi - ibikorwa byo guhinduranya bisaba bateri nyinshi kuri buri kamyo - mubisanzwe bateri ebyiri zemerera imwe kwishyuza mugihe indi ikora. Ikamyo 20 yamakamyo ikenera bateri 40, imwe ifite umwanya wa metero kare 2 yubutaka iyo ibitswe neza. Harimo n'inzira zo gukuramo forklift kugirango zigarure bateri, ikirenge cyose kigera kuri metero kare 150-200.
Amahirwe yo kwishyuza na batiri ya litiro - ion bisaba bateri imwe kuri buri kamyo itigera iva mumodoka. Ubuso bwa metero kare 150 - 200 mbere yo kubika ububiko bwa batiri buraboneka kubindi byongeweho, ahantu hateganijwe, cyangwa nibindi bikoreshwa bitanga umusaruro. Mu turere twububiko buhenze cyane, uyu mwanya wagaruwe urashobora kugereranya $ 15,000 kugeza 30.000 $ mugiciro cyubukode buri mwaka.
Ibisabwa byo guhumeka nabyo birahinduka. Kurongora - ahantu hashyirwaho aside ikenera uburyo bwihariye bwo guhumeka kugirango umwuka wa hydrogène ugabanuke - umusaruro wibikorwa byo kwishyuza bitera ingaruka zo guturika ahantu hamwe. Amahirwe yo kwishyuza hamwe na lithium - bateri zitanga hydrogène, zituma charger zishyirwaho ahantu hose hamwe na serivise zisanzwe zamashanyarazi. Ihinduka ryimiterere ya charger itunganya akazi aho guhatira ibikoresho gutembera ahantu kure.
Kugabanya ibiciro by'umurimo
Guhindura bateri byerekana ingaruka zumubiri nigiciro cyakazi.Batteri ya forkliftipima ibiro 2000 kugeza 4000 kandi bisaba ibikoresho byihariye byo kuvoma. Buri swap irimo:
Umukoresha ingendo zicyumba cya bateri: iminota 3-5
Gukuramo Bateri no kuyishyiraho: iminota 10-15
Bateri yatakaye igaruka kuri charger: iminota 5-8
Kugenzura inyandiko n'umutekano: iminota 2-3
Ku gipimo cyakazi kiremereye cyamadorari 25 kumasaha, kugurisha bateri imwe igura amadorari 10 kumurimo utaziguye. Ikamyo 20 yamakamyo ikora swap imwe kuri buri kamyo kumunsi uhinduranya kabiri itanga swap 40 kumunsi. Umwaka urenga, ibi byerekana amadorari 146.000 yumurimo wumurimo kubikorwa bidatanga umusaruro.
Amahirwe yo kwishyuza agabanya ibi kuri zeru. Abakoresha bacomeka ibikoresho mugihe cyo kuruhuka bafata uko byagenda kose. Ibikoresho bimwe bivuga ko amafaranga yazigamye 100.000 kugeza 200.000 $ buri mwaka bivuye kuri bateri yakuweho wenyine.
Nukuri - Urugero rwibiciro byisi
Reba ikigo cyo gukwirakwiza gikora ibintu bibiri hamwe na 20 byamashanyarazi:
Amafaranga yo kwishyuza bisanzwe:
Batteri 40 kuri $ 5,000 buri umwe: 200.000 $
Amashanyarazi 20 asanzwe kuri $ 2200 buri umwe: $ 44,000
Ibikoresho byo gukoresha bateri: $ 15,000
Ibikorwa remezo bya bateri no guhumeka: $ 25.000
Umwaka wo guhinduranya bateri buri mwaka (40 swaps / kumunsi × $ 10 × 365 iminsi): $ 146,000 / umwaka
Igishoro cyambere: $284,000
Igiciro cyo gukora buri mwaka: $146,000
Amahirwe yo kwishyuza (lithium - ion):
Litiyumu 20 - bateri ya ion ku $ 18,000 buri umwe: $ 360,000
Amashanyarazi 20 yamahirwe kuri $ 3.500 buri umwe: $ 70.000
Ikwirakwizwa rya charger yatanzwe: $ 15,000
Igishoro cyambere: $445,000
Igiciro cyo gukora buri mwaka:$ 0 (nta guhinduranya bateri)
Mugihe ishoramari ryambere riri hejuru ya $ 161.000, ibikorwa bizigama $ 146,000 buri mwaka mugiciro cyakazi. Igihe cyo kwishyura ni hafi amezi 13. Nyuma yibyo, ikigo kimenya kuzigama amafaranga 146,000 $ kumwaka. Byongeye kandi, litiro - bateri zisanzwe zimara inshuro 2 - inshuro 3 kurenza bateri ya aside -, bigabanya amafaranga yo gusimbuza igihe kirekire.
Ibisabwa Gushyira mu bikorwa
Amahirwe yo kwishyuza arasaba ibikoresho byihariye, igenamigambi ryibikorwa remezo, hamwe na protocole ikora. Ibisabwa bya tekiniki biratandukanye cyane nuburyo busanzwe bwo kwishyuza.
Ibisobanuro bya charger
Amahirwe yo kwishyiriraho intego ni intego - yubatswe hejuru - ikigezweho, igice cyo kwishyuza igice. Amashanyarazi asanzwe asanzwe yangiza bateri aramutse akoreshejwe muburyo bwo kwishyuza amahirwe, kuko yateguwe kugirango arangize ibiciro byuzuye kandi arashobora kwishyuza bateri mbere yo kugera kubushobozi 100%.
Amahirwe yumuriro aranga ibintu byinshi byihariye biranga:
Igipimo cyo hejuru cyo hejuru:25 - 30 amps kuri 100 amp-masaha bituma ihererekanyabubasha ryihuse mugihe gito. Bateri ya 500Ah yakira amps 125-150 mu ikubitiro, ikanda nkuko bateri yegera ubushobozi bwa 80%.
Gufunga byikora - kuzimya:Amashanyarazi agomba guhagarara kuri 80-85% yumuriro kugirango wirinde ubushyuhe bukabije na gaze. Moderi igezweho ivugana na bateri kugirango ikurikirane ubushyuhe no guhindura imigendekere ikurikira.
Imicungire yubushyuhe:Yubatswe - mugukonjesha cyangwa guhatirwa - sisitemu yo mu kirere icunga amashanyarazi kuva hejuru - kwishyuza ubu. Amashanyarazi amwe arimo ibyuma byubushyuhe bigabanya igipimo cyamafaranga iyo bateri irenze ubushyuhe bwimikorere.
Gukurikirana ukwezi:Amahirwe agezweho ya charger yandika igice cyamafaranga kugirango afashe abakoresha kumenya igihe amafaranga yo kuringaniza yuzuye akenewe.
Kurongora - kwishyuza amahirwe ya aside bisaba kandi indishyi zubushyuhe - guhita uhindura voltage ukurikije ubushyuhe bwa bateri kugirango uhindure neza amafaranga kandi wirinde guhunga umuriro.
Litiyumu - ion amahirwe yo kwishyuza ikoresha tekinoroji itandukanye. Izi bateri zisaba charger zifite ubushobozi bwo gutumanaho (BMS). BMS ikurikirana amashanyarazi ya selile kugiti cye, ubushyuhe, hamwe nuburyo bwo kwishyuza, itanga amakuru charger ikoresha mugutezimbere ibipimo byishyurwa mugihe nyacyo -. Iri tumanaho rihoraho ririnda kwishyurwa hejuru, kutaringaniza selile, nibibazo byubushyuhe.
Igenamigambi ry'Ibikorwa Remezo
Gushyira amashanyarazi bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumahirwe yo kwishyurwa. Ahantu hateganijwe hamenyekana niba abashoramari bahora bishyuza ibikoresho cyangwa gusimbuka kwishyurwa kubera ikibazo.
Ingamba zifatika zo gushyira:
Ahantu ho kuruhukira:Gushyira charger zegeranye no kumena ibyumba, cafeteriya, cyangwa ibyumba byo gufungiramo bituma gucomeka mubikoresho igice gisanzwe cyo kuruhuka. Abakoresha baparika ibikoresho, bahuze na charger, bafata ikiruhuko, hanyuma basubire muri bateri yashizwemo igice.
Ku muryango wa dock:Gupakurura ahantu harigihe harigihe cyo gutegereza mugihe romoruki ihagaze cyangwa impapuro zikorwa. Amashanyarazi ahabigenewe afata iyi minota yubusa.
Hejuru - zone zumuhanda:Ahantu haparika hagati aho ibikoresho bisanzwe biteranira mugihe cyo guhindura ibintu bitanga amahirwe yo kwishyurwa byihuse.
Hagati yinzira nyabagendwa:Mubikorwa bigufi - aisle, charger zirashobora guhuzwa hagati yibice bya rack, bigatuma abashinzwe kwishyuza mugihe cyo gutoranya cyangwa gutoranya ibikorwa.
Ibikorwa remezo byamashanyarazi bigomba gushyigikira umutwaro uhuriweho na charger nyinshi zikorera icyarimwe. Kwishyiriraho 20 - kwishyiriraho hamwe na 150-amp yubushobozi bwa charger irashobora gushushanya amps 3.000 ya mpinga ihwanye na 360kW kuri 120V cyangwa 720kW kuri 240V. Ibikoresho bikenera ubushobozi bwa serivisi zamashanyarazi zihagije kandi, hamwe na hamwe, bisaba uburyo bwo kuyobora kugirango hirindwe amafaranga menshi asabwa.
Ibikorwa bimwe bishyira mubikorwa imbaraga zigabanya imbaraga, zikwirakwiza imbaraga ziboneka mumashanyarazi menshi ukurikije buri bateri yumuriro. Bateriyeri kurwego rwo hasi yakira ingufu zambere zitangwa, zemeza ibikoresho bifite ibikenewe byihutirwa byihuse.
Amahugurwa ya Operator na Discipline
Amahirwe yo kwishyuza intsinzi biterwa cyane nimyitwarire yabakoresha. Bitandukanye no kwishyuza bisanzwe aho guhinduranya bateri ari itegeko mugihe ingufu zidakabije, kwishyuza amahirwe bisaba ibyemezo bifatika byo kwishyuza mugihe cyose kiboneka.
Gahunda zamahugurwa zigomba gushimangira:
Kwishyuza indero:Abakoresha bagomba guhuza ibikoresho na charger mugihe cyose cyo kuruhuka, batitaye kumafaranga asigaye. Kureka nuburyo bumwe bwo kwishyuza birashobora gusiga ibikoresho bifite imbaraga zidahagije mugice gikurikira cyo guhinduranya.
Uburyo bukwiye bwo guhuza:Biroroshye nkuko bisa, kwemeza abahuza bicaye byuzuye kandi bifite umutekano birinda arcing, guhuza nabi, cyangwa kubura kwishyuza. Ibikoresho bimwe bikoresha ibara - code cyangwa yanditseho sitasiyo yo kwishyiriraho kugirango ikureho urujijo kubijyanye na charger ihuye nibikoresho.
Kumenyekanisha leta:Ibikoresho bigezweho byerekana amakuru ya bateri. Abakoresha bagomba kumva icyo ibyo bipimo bisobanura kandi bagasubiza uko bikwiye. Batare kuri 60% yishyurwa irashobora gusa nkaho ihagije, ariko niba igice cyakazi gikurikira gisaba, ntigishobora kurangiza umurimo nta kwishyuza amahirwe.
Porotokole y'umutekano:Amahirwe yo kwishyiriraho amashanyarazi - acide iracyafite ingaruka zamashanyarazi no kubyara gaze ya hydrogen. Abakoresha bakeneye amahugurwa kubijyanye no guhumeka neza, kwirinda ibicanwa hafi yumuriro, no gukoresha ibikoresho byo kwishyuza neza.
Ibikoresho akenshi usanga gukora kwishyuza byoroshye bishoboka bitezimbere kubahiriza. Sisitemu yo kwishyiriraho insinga, aho abashoramari bahagarika ibikoresho hejuru yumuriro, bakuraho intambwe zihuza burundu. Mugihe bihenze kuruta gucomeka - muri sisitemu, kwishyuza bidasubirwaho bigera hafi 100% byabakoresha kuko bisaba imbaraga zeru.
Kwiga Imbaraga no Kuringaniza Sisitemu
Mbere yo gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo kwishyuza amahirwe, ibikoresho bigomba gukora ubushakashatsi bwingufu kugirango bumve uburyo bwo gukoresha ingufu. Ubu bushakashatsi busanzwe bukora icyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri hanyuma bukusanya amakuru harimo:
Ibikoresho mugihe cyigihe
Amp - gukoresha amasaha kuri buri kamyo
Igihe cyigihe cyigihe ninshuro
Igihe cyo gusaba cyane
Uburyo bwo gusohora batiri
Aya makuru yerekana niba kwishyuza amahirwe bishobora guhura nibikorwa bikenewe. Ikigo aho forklifts ikora ubudahwema hamwe nigihe gito cyo kuruhuka irashobora kubona ko kwishyuza amahirwe bidashobora gutanga ingufu zihagije zo gukomeza ibikorwa. Mu bihe nk'ibi, uburyo bwihuse bwo kwishyuza cyangwa kuvanga Hybrid birashobora kuba byiza.
Ubushakashatsi bwimbaraga nabwo bumenyesha ubwinshi bwa charger hamwe nicyemezo cyo gushyira. Niba amakuru yerekana ibikoresho bisanzwe bikusanyiriza hamwe mubice byihariye mugihe cyo guhindura ibintu, aho hantu hahinduka ibibanza byubushakashatsi bwambere.
Iyo Amahirwe yo Kwishyuza Yumvikana
Amahirwe yo kwishyurwa ntabwo akoreshwa muri rusange. Ibikorwa byihariye biranga imikorere niba uburyo buzatera imbere cyangwa bukabangamira imikorere yimodoka.
Uburyo bwiza bwo gukora
Multi - ibikorwa byo guhinduranya hamwe nibihe byo kuruhuka:Ibikoresho bikora amasaha abiri hamwe na 30 - kuruhuka kumanywa na sasita ebyiri 15 - kumunota kuri buri mwanya bitanga iminota 60 yigihe cyo kwishyuza kuri buri mwanya. Ibi bihuye n'amahirwe yo kwishyuza imbaraga-kenshi, igihe-cyo kwishyuza igihe.
Kwagura inshuro imwe:Ibikorwa bikoresha 10 - 12 isaha imwe isimburana ihura nikibazo na bateri zisanzwe zagenewe amasaha 8 -. Amahirwe yo kwishyuza mugihe cyo kuruhuka hagati yongerera ubushobozi bwa bateri kugirango apfundikire byuzuye bidasaba guhinduranya bateri hagati.
Umucyo kugeza kumurongo wo hagati:Ibikoresho bikora gutora - na - ibikorwa byo gupakira, kugenda pallet, cyangwa kwakira ibikorwa mubisanzwe bitwara ingufu nke kumasaha kuruta gusaba ibisabwa nko gupakira amakamyo cyangwa ibikorwa byo hanze mubushyuhe bukabije. Gukoresha ingufu nke bivuze ko kwishyuza amahirwe bishobora kuzuza ingufu zikoreshwa hagati yo kuruhuka.
Gahunda yo kuruhuka iteganijwe:Iyo ibiruhuko bibaye mugihe gisanzwe, abashoramari barashobora gutsimbataza akamenyero ko kwishyuza. Gahunda zidasanzwe cyangwa zitateganijwe bituma bigora kwemeza ko ibikoresho byakira amahirwe ahagije yo kwishyuza.
Ibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi bihagije:Ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwamashanyarazi burahari birashobora kongeramo charger zamahirwe nta kuzamura ibikoresho bihenze. Inyubako zishaje zifite serivisi zamashanyarazi nkeya zishobora guhura nigiciro kibuza gushyigikira amashanyarazi menshi - amperage.
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ikibuga cy’indege cya Amsterdam Schiphol ryerekana amahirwe yo kwishyurwa ku gipimo. Igikorwa cyohereje bisi z'amashanyarazi 100 mumihanda itandatu isaba 24/7 kuboneka. Ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza byahujije 23 hejuru - amashanyarazi yumuriro (450kW buri umwe) kuri terminal hamwe na en - ahantu hamwe ninzira 84 za depot zo gukoreshwa nijoro. Bisi zakira iminota 5-10 yo kwishyuza mugihe abagenzi binjira aho bahagarara, bikomeza urwego rwa bateri mugihe gikomeza. Sisitemu yageze kubikorwa byuzuye mugihe cyumwaka umwe kandi ikomeza 99% + amasaha.
Igihe cyo Gusuzuma Ibindi
Bitatu - guhindura ibikorwa 24/7:Ibikoresho bikora ubudahwema hamwe nigihe gito cyo hasi ntibishobora kuba bifite umwanya uhagije wo kwishyuza amahirwe yo gukomeza urwego ruhagije. Sisitemu yo kwishyuza byihuse cyangwa sisitemu yo guhinduranya bateri irashobora kwerekana ko ikwiye.
Biremereye - Inshingano zinshingano:Porogaramu zirimo kuzamuka umusozi uhoraho, gukorera hanze mubushyuhe bukabije, cyangwa imitwaro iremereye irashobora gukuramo bateri byihuse kuruta kwishyurwa amahirwe irashobora kuzuzanya. Batare kuri 70% yishyurwa irashobora gusa nkaho ihagije, ariko akazi gakomeye - akazi karashobora kugabanuka vuba.
Gahunda yo kuruhuka bidasanzwe:Ibikorwa bya serivisi, ibyateganijwe byuzuzwa, cyangwa kuri - bisaba ibikoresho akenshi ntibabura ibihe byateganijwe. Hatariho amahirwe yo kwishyuza buri gihe, bateri zirashobora kugera kurwego rwo hasi cyane hagati yo kwishyuza.
Igihe ntarengwa cyo kuruhuka:Ibikorwa bimwe bitanga iminota 10 - iminota 15 yigihe cyo kuruhuka kuri buri mwanya. Ibi birashobora gutanga ibicuruzwa bidahagije kugirango bikomeze ibikoresho binyuze mumwanya wose, cyane cyane na bateri ya aside-acide yaka buhoro buhoro.
Ibarura rya batiri iriho:Ibikoresho bifite ishoramari rikomeye muri bateri - bateri ya aside hamwe nibikorwa remezo bisanzwe byo kwishyuza bihura nigiciro cyinzibacyuho. Amahirwe yo kwishyuza inyungu ntashobora gusobanura gusimbuza ibikoresho bikora mbere yimpera yabyo - yubuzima - ubuzima.
Urwego rwo gufata ibyemezo
Kugena amahirwe yo kwishyurwa bikwiye bisaba gusuzuma ibintu byinshi:
Kubara ikoreshwa rya buri munsi:Gupima amp - amasaha akoreshwa kuri buri kamyo. Gereranya ibi nimbaraga zitangwa binyuze mumahirwe yo kwishyurwa ukurikije ibihe byo kuruhuka bihari hamwe nibisobanuro bya charger.
Suzuma ikiruhuko kiboneka:Inyandiko nyayo yo kumara igihe ninshuro. Konti kubakoresha igihe bakeneye kugenda kugirango bice uduce - ikiruhuko cyiminota 30 hamwe niminota 5 yo kugenda bitanga iminota 20 gusa yigihe cyo kwishyuza.
Reba ubukana bw'inshingano:Ibikorwa bisunika ibikoresho kubushobozi bikenera igereranya ryinshi. Ibikoresho bihora bigera kuri bateri nkeya mugihe cyo guhinduranya birashobora guhangana nuburyo bwo kwishyuza amahirwe.
Suzuma indero y'abakoresha:Ibikoresho aho abashoramari bakunze gusimbuka ibiruhuko cyangwa kwirengagiza inzira zishobora kubona amahirwe yo kwishyuza intsinzi biterwa no kuzamura umuco wibikorwa mbere.
Gisesengura imbogamizi z'umwanya:Ibikorwa bifite umwanya muto byunguka agaciro mugukuraho ibyumba bya batiri. Ibikoresho bifite umwanya munini bimenya inyungu ntoya ugereranije.
Kubara ingengabihe ya ROI:Gereranya igiciro cyose cya nyirubwite hejuru yimyaka 5 - 7 kumyaka isanzwe yo kwishyuza hamwe nuburyo bwo kwishyuza hamwe na bateri ya lithium-ion. Shyiramo ibiciro bya batiri, ibiciro bya charger, ibikorwa remezo, umurimo, hamwe nikoreshwa ryumwanya mubisesengura.
Itegeko ryoroheje riva muburambe bwinganda: Kwishyuza amahirwe bikora neza kubikorwa aho ibikoresho biri mukoresha bitarenze 85% byigihe cyo guhindura. Ibisigaye 15% bitanga amahirwe yo kwishyuza niba bigabanijwe ugereranije mugihe cyose.
Imipaka n'ibitekerezo
Amahirwe yo kwishyuza atangiza ibisabwa mubikorwa hamwe nimbogamizi zitabaho hamwe nuburyo busanzwe bwo kwishyuza.
Ibikoresho n'ibikorwa Remezo
Ishoramari ryambere ryo kwishyuza amahirwe rirenze kwishyurwa bisanzwe, cyane cyane iyo ryimukiye muri bateri ya lithium - ion. Mugihe bateri ya lithium - ion igura inshuro 2 - inshuro 3 ugereranije na aside-aside iringaniye imbere, igihe kirekire cyo kubaho (mubisanzwe 3000-5000 cycle vs . 1, 500 cycle) ihindura iki giciro mugihe runaka.
Amahirwe yo kwishyiriraho ubwayo yaguze $ 3000- $ 5,000 buri umwe, ugereranije na $ 2000- $ 2,500 kumashanyarazi asanzwe. Igiciro kiri hejuru cyerekana ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki kabuhariwe, gucunga amashyuza, hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutanga amashanyarazi asabwa kugirango yishyure byihuse.
Kuzamura ibikorwa remezo byamashanyarazi birashobora kongera ikiguzi kinini. Ikigo gishyiraho amahirwe 20 yamashanyarazi arashobora gukenera kuzamura paneli ya serivise, ubushobozi bwumuzunguruko, cyangwa no guhindura transformateur niba serivisi yamashanyarazi iri hafi yubushobozi. Ibiciro biratandukanye cyane ukurikije imyaka yikigo hamwe na sisitemu y'amashanyarazi agezweho ariko irashobora kuva kumadorari 10,000 kugeza 100.000 cyangwa arenga.
Ibikoresho bimwe bishyira mubikorwa amahirwe yo kwishyurwa mubyiciro, bitangirana na chargeri nkeya ahantu harehare - kandi bikaguka nkuko bigenzura inyungu zikorwa na ROI.
Kuyobora - Kugabanuka kwa Bateri
Kubikorwa bikomeza kuyobora - acide ya acide, kwishyuza amahirwe byihutisha gusimburwa. 30 - 40% kugabanya ubuzima bisobanura kugabanya bije yo kugura bateri kenshi. Ikigo giteganya imyaka 5 muri bateri ya aside-aside irashobora kubona imyaka 3 gusa mugihe cyo kwishyuza protocole.
Amafaranga yo kunganya buri cyumweru akomeza kuba itegeko. Ibi bisaba gukuramo ibikoresho muri serivisi kumasaha 8 - amasaha 12 buri cyumweru - mubisanzwe ijoro ryose cyangwa mugihe gikenewe cyane. Kwibagirwa amafaranga yo kuringaniza byihutisha sulfation kandi birashobora kwangiza batiyeri burundu mumezi.
Kongera gukoresha amazi nibisabwa kubungabunga byongera amafaranga yo gukora. Amahirwe yo kwishyiriraho ibyuka byinshi, bigabanya amazi ya electrolyte vuba. Ibikoresho bikenera uburyo bwo kuvomera hamwe nabakozi bahuguwe kugirango bagumane urugero rwa electrolyte. Sisitemu yo kuvomerera yikora irashobora kugabanya umurimo ariko igereranya ishoramari ryiyongera.
Ibisabwa bya disipulini ikora
Amahirwe yo kwishyurwa arasenyuka nta ruhare rwabigizemo uruhare. Bitandukanye no kwishyuza bisanzwe aho urwego rwa batiri ruke ruhatira ibikorwa, kwishyuza amahirwe biterwa nabakoresha guhuza kubushake kubushake mugihe cyose kiruhuko kiboneka.
Ibikoresho byerekana ko kubahiriza ibikorwa bitandukana cyane bitewe nuburyo bworoshye bwa charger, umuco wakazi, hamwe nubuyobozi bushimangira. Ibikorwa bigera kuri 95% + kwishyuza kubahiriza mubisanzwe imyanya yumuriro iherekejwe no guca uduce kandi harimo na disipuline yo kwishyuza mugusuzuma imikorere.
Ibikorwa bimwe bishyiraho ibikoresho bya telematiki bikurikirana imyitwarire yishyurwa hamwe nabashinzwe kugenzura igihe ibikoresho bitishyuwe mugihe cyo kuruhuka. Aya makuru - uburyo bwifashishwa bufasha kumenya icyuho cyamahugurwa no gushimangira ibiteganijwe.
Imipaka ntarengwa - Gusaba Porogaramu
Amahirwe yo kwishyurwa afite imipaka ifatika mugutanga ingufu. Batare ikoresha amasaha 100 amp - mugihe cyamasaha 4 - mugihe cyakazi gikeneye kubona ayo amp - amasaha mugihe cyo kuruhuka. Hamwe nikiruhuko cya 15 - umunota utanga iminota 30 yigihe cyo kwishyuza, charger igomba gutanga byibuze 200 amp-amasaha kumasaha (kubara amafaranga yatakaye neza). Ibi birasaba amashanyarazi menshi hamwe na bateri zishobora kwakira ibiciro byihuse.
Porogaramu irenze iyi mbago ikeneye ubundi buryo. Sisitemu yo kwishyuza byihuse itanga 40 - 50 amps kuri 100Ah irashobora gushyigikira ingufu nyinshi ariko bikagabanya ubuzima bwa bateri cyane. Ibikorwa bimwe bikoresha uburyo bwa Hybrid-amahirwe yo kwishyuza ibikoresho byinshi mugihe ukomeza ubushobozi bwo guhinduranya bateri kumamodoka asabwa cyane.
Ubushyuhe bukabije
Byombi biyobora - acide na lithium - bateri zikora neza muburyo bwubushyuhe bwihariye. Ibidukikije bikonje bigabanya kwishyurwa nubushobozi, mugihe ibidukikije bishyushye byihutisha kwangirika. Amahirwe yishyurwa mububiko bwa firigo cyangwa ibikorwa byo hanze mubihe bikabije bihura nibindi bibazo.
Batteri ikonje yemera kwishyurwa buhoro, bivuze ko 30 - umunota wo kwishyuza bishobora gutanga ingufu nke kurenza uko byari byitezwe. Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion isanzwe ikubiyemo sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe bushyushya selile kugeza ubushyuhe bwiza mbere yo kwishyuza, ariko ibi bitwara ingufu kandi bikongerera igihe gikenewe kugirango ushire neza.
Ibikorwa byinshi - ibikorwa byubushyuhe - nkibishingwe, ibikorwa byo mu cyi cyo hanze, cyangwa ububiko budahumeka neza - bishobora kwangiza ubushyuhe bwa bateri mugihe cyo kwishyuza amahirwe menshi -. Ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha cyangwa kugabanya ibiciro byishyurwa birashobora gukenerwa, bigabanya uburyo bwiza.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Bifata igihe kingana iki kugirango ubone amahirwe yo kwishyuza bateri ya forklift?
Amahirwe menshi yo kwishyuza amara iminota 10 kugeza kuri 30, bihuye nuburebure busanzwe bwo kuruhuka mugihe cyo guhinduranya ububiko. Ikiruhuko cyiminota 15 - gishobora kugarura 15-25% yubushobozi bwa bateri hamwe nubushakashatsi bwamahirwe, mubisanzwe birahagije mugice gikurikira cyakazi. Nyamara, bateri igomba kugera kuri 80-85% yumuriro binyuze mugihe cyo kwishyuza mugihe cyo guhinduranya, hamwe nijoro ryuzuye kugeza 100% bibaho byibuze rimwe mubyumweru kuri bateri ya aside-aside.
Urashobora kubona amahirwe yo kuyobora bateri - acide?
Kurongora - bateri ya aside irashobora kwishyurwa amahirwe, ariko imyitozo igabanya ubuzima bwabo 30 - 40% ugereranije na protocole isanzwe yo kwishyuza. Ibi bibaho bitewe na sulfation - ishingwa rya sisitemu ya sulfate ya sisitemu ya plaque ya batiri idashonga neza mugihe cyizunguruka cyigice. Isonga - bateri ya aside nayo isaba amafaranga yo kunganya buri cyumweru no kongera amazi mugihe amahirwe yatanzwe. Ibikoresho byinshi bihinduranya amahirwe yo kwishyuza icyarimwe uhindukire kuri bateri ya lithium-ion kugirango wirinde ibyo bibazo bitesha agaciro.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yo kwishyuza amahirwe no kwishyurwa byihuse?
Amahirwe yo kwishyurwa akoresha igipimo cyamafaranga ya 25 - 30 amps kumasaha 100 amp - kandi mubisanzwe yishyuza bateri kugeza 80 - 85% mugihe cyo kuruhuka gato. Kwishyuza byihuse bikoresha igipimo kiri hejuru ya 40 - 50 amps kumasaha 100 amp -, bigatanga ingufu byihuse ariko bikabyara ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi bikagabanya igihe cya bateri. Kwishyuza byihuse bikwiranye ninshingano eshatu cyangwa ibisabwa cyane aho gusaba kwishyurwa bidashobora gutanga ingufu zihagije. Ubwo buryo bwombi butuma bateri imwe kuri buri kamyo ikora inshuro nyinshi, ariko uburyo bwihuse bwo kwishyuza bwihuse bugabanya ubuzima bwa bateri ya aside-aside kugeza kumyaka 3 cyangwa munsi yayo ugereranije nimyaka 3-4 yo kwishyuza.
Ukeneye charger zidasanzwe kugirango ubone amafaranga?
Amashanyarazi asanzwe ntashobora gukora neza kwishyuza amahirwe. Amahirwe yumuriro arasaba gutanga amperage yo hejuru (25 - 30A kuri 100Ah vs . 16-18 A kubisanzwe), gufunga byikora - kuri 80 - 85% byamafaranga yishyurwa kugirango wirinde kwishyuza amafaranga mugihe cyizunguruka, hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe kugirango ikemure ubushyuhe bwihuse. Amahirwe ya Litiyumu-ion yongeyeho bisaba charger zivugana na sisitemu yo gucunga bateri kugirango ihindure ibipimo byishyurwa ukurikije ubushyuhe bwakagari nigihe nyacyo. Gukoresha charger zisanzwe kugirango ubone amahirwe yo kwishyuza ibyago byangiza bateri ukoresheje algorithms zuzuye zuzuye no kurinda ubushyuhe budahagije.
Guhindura uburyo bwo kwishyuza byerekana uburyo bwagutse bwo gukoresha ibikoresho byerekana ibikoresho bihari kandi bigahinduka. Iyo bishyizwe mubikorwa hamwe na tekinoroji ya batiri ikwiye hamwe na disipuline ikora, uburyo burashobora kugabanya ibiciro mugihe kubungabunga cyangwa kunoza imikorere yimodoka. Uburyo bukora neza mubikorwa byinshi - byo guhinduranya hamwe na gahunda isanzwe yo kuruhuka hamwe nibikoresho bikenerwa, cyane cyane iyo bihujwe na bateri ya lithium - ion itera imbere mugihe cyo kwishyuza igice. Ibikorwa bitekereza kwishyurwa byamahirwe bigomba gukora ubushakashatsi bwuzuye bwimbaraga hamwe nisesengura rya ROI kugirango hamenyekane uburyo bujyanye nibisabwa byihariye nibikorwa.
