Ibikoresho byo Guhindura Icyiciro Niki?
Ibikoresho byo guhindura ibyiciro (PCMs) nibintu bikurura kandi bikarekura ingufu nyinshi zumuriro mugihe cyinzibacyuho, mubisanzwe hagati yibintu bikomeye kandi byamazi. Ibi bikoresho bibika ubushyuhe nkingufu zihishe aho kuzamura ubushyuhe gusa, bubafasha gukomeza ubushyuhe burigihe mugihe ubitse cyangwa urekura ingufu nyinshi.
Uburyo Ibikoresho byo Guhindura Icyiciro Bikora
Uburyo bukurikira PCMs bushingiye kububiko bwihishwa. Iyo ushyushye urubura, rukurura imbaraga kugirango zihinduke zive mumazi kugeza kuri dogere 0 nta kuzamuka kwubushyuhe - iri ni ihame ryo guhindura icyiciro PCMs ikoresha mugucunga ubushyuhe.
Mugihe cyinzibacyuho, PCMs ikurura ingufu zubushyuhe (inzira ya endothermic process) mugihe ishonga ikayirekura (exothermic process) mugihe ikomeye. Ingufu zibitswe kuri buri gice kirenze kure ibikoresho bisanzwe. Urugero, amazi arasaba 333.55 J / g gushonga, ariko 4.18 J / g gusa kugirango ubushyuhe bwayo bugere kurwego rumwe. Itandukaniro ryikubye 80 ryerekana impamvu ububiko bwo guhindura ibyiciro bukora neza kuruta kubika ubushyuhe bwumvikana.
Icyiciro cyo guhindura ubushyuhe (PCT) nikintu gikomeye. PCM zitandukanye zikora ku bushyuhe bwihariye - zimwe kuri dogere -5 zo kubika imbeho, izindi ziri hejuru ya dogere 150 kubikorwa byinganda. Ibikoresho biguma kuri ubu bushyuhe bwinzibacyuho kugeza icyiciro cyose cyahindutse kirangiye, gitanga ubushyuhe bwumuriro.
AmashanyaraziYerekana ikibazo gikomeye. PCM isukuye akenshi ifite ubushobozi buke (0.2-0.5 W / m · K kuri paraffine), itinda guhererekanya ubushyuhe. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, injeniyeri yongeramo ibikoresho byayobora nka grafite yagutse, ibyuma byinshi, cyangwa nanotubes ya karubone. Izi PCM zigizwe zirashobora kugera ku gaciro koroheje karenze 2.5 W / m · K mugihe igumana ubushobozi bwihishwa bwihishwa.
Ubwoko bwicyiciro cyo guhindura ibikoresho
PCMs kama
Igishashara cya Paraffin cyiganje muri iki cyiciro. Ibikomoka kuri peteroli, paraffine itanga ubushyuhe bwo guhindura icyiciro kuva kuri - 10 kugeza kuri dogere 70. Berekana imiterere yimiti hejuru yubushyuhe ibihumbi - bikonje bikonje, ibintu bitangirika, kandi bihuza nibikoresho byinshi.
Ubusanzwe paraffine yubucuruzi ifite aho ishonga igera kuri dogere 28 zibika hafi 200 kJ / kg yubushyuhe bwihishwa. Ibikoresho ntabwo birenze urugero kandi byerekana gutandukana kwicyiciro. Nyamara, paraffine ifite ibibi bibiri: ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro nubushuhe, bigatuma bidakwiranye nubushyuhe bwo hejuru -.
Amavuta acide agereranya ikindi cyiciro kama. Ibikoresho nka acide ya lauric (gushonga ingingo ya dogere 44) na aside stearic (dogere 69) birashobora kwangirika kandi bikomoka ku bimera cyangwa ibikomoka ku nyamaswa. Batanga ubushyuhe bwihishe hagati ya 150-180 kJ / kg hamwe nubushyuhe bwiza bwumuriro kuruta paraffine. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana aside irike igumana 95% yubushobozi bwayo bwo kubika ubushyuhe nyuma yizuba 1.000.
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) itanga porogaramu zisaba guhinduka. Hamwe nuburemere bwa molekile kuva 400 kugeza 6.000, variant ya PEG ikubiyemo ubushyuhe bwo gushonga kuva dogere - 10 kugeza kuri dogere 65. Ibikoresho bihuza neza na polymers kumiterere-PCM idahungabana iyo idasukuye.
PCM idasanzwe
Amazi yumunyu atanga ubushyuhe bwinshi (0.5 - 0.8 W / m · K) nubushyuhe bwihishwa kuruta ibinyabuzima. Sodium sulfate decahydrate (umunyu wa Glauber), ushonga kuri dogere 32, ibika 254 kJ / kg-hafi 25% ugereranije na PCMs igereranywa.
Ikibazo cyibanze ni supercooling. Amazi yumunyu arashobora kuguma mumazi ya dogere 10-15 munsi yubukonje bwabo keretse hongeweho ibintu bya nucleating. Kalisiyumu chloride hexahydrate yerekana dogere 40 supercooling itavuwe. Abashakashatsi bongeraho borax cyangwa izindi nucleator kugirango batere kristu ku bushyuhe bukwiye.
Gutandukanya icyiciro bibaho mugihe umunyu nibice byamazi bitandukanije mugihe cyisubiramo, imikorere itesha agaciro. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na 2024 bwakozwe na Zhang bwerekanye ko kongeramo umubyimba nka carboxymethyl selulose byagabanije gutandukanya icyiciro cya calcium chloride hexahydrate ya 73% hejuru ya 500.
Amavuta avanze akora hejuru - ubushyuhe bukoreshwa. Aluminium - silicon alloys (gushonga ~ 577 dogere) na bismuth - ikomatanya ikorera mu mashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba. Ibyo byuma bitanga ubushyuhe budasanzwe (20-80 W / m · K) ariko bigura inshuro 5-10 kurenza ubundi buryo.
Imvange ya Eutectic
Guhuza PCM ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi zirema eutectic ibihimbano hamwe nibintu byiza. Nitrate ya sodium - ivangwa rya potasiyumu ya nitrate (igereranyo ya 60:40) ishonga kuri dogere 220 - munsi yikintu cyiza - mugihe ikomeza ubushyuhe bwa kJ / kg 100. Uru ruvange "umunyu wizuba" rukoreshwa cyane mumashanyarazi yumuriro.
Bio - ishingiye kuri eutectics iragaragara. Uruvange rwa acide ya capric na lauric rugera aho gushonga hagati ya dogere 15 - 25, nibyiza mukubaka ubushyuhe. Amakuru y’isoko 2025 yerekana iterambere rya bio-ishingiye kuri PCM ryiyongera kuri 20% buri mwaka uko impungenge zirambye ziyongera.
Porogaramu hirya no hino mu nganda
Kubaka no Kubaka
Minisiteri ishinzwe ingufu muri Amerika ivuga ko inyubako zitwara 40% by'ingufu zose mu bihugu byateye imbere. Kwinjiza PCM mubikoresho byubaka bigabanya ibyo ukoresha 15-30% binyuze mumashanyarazi yumuriro.
PCM - yongerewe urukuta rugumana ubushyuhe bwo murugo hagati ya dogere 20 - 26 mukunywa ubushyuhe burenze kumanywa no kurekura nijoro. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu kirere cy’Uburayi bwerekanye ko kwinjiza PCM mu kibaho cya gypsumu byagabanije gukoresha ingufu za HVAC ku kigero cya 28% buri mwaka. Ibikoresho bibika ubushyuhe iyo ubushyuhe bwicyumba burenze dogere 23 bikayirekura iyo ubushyuhe bugabanutse munsi ya dogere 21, bigakora ubwikorezi bwumuriro.
Porogaramu zifatika zerekana ibisubizo bitangaje. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri kaminuza ya Shanghai bwerekanye ko PCM - beto yazamuye ubushobozi bwo kubika amashyuza 50% ugereranije na beto isanzwe. Mu bihe bishyushye, beto ya PCM irinda gucika ubushyuhe mu kugabanya itandukaniro ryubushyuhe hejuru yibintu byubatswe.
Isoko ryisi yose ryo kubaka - PCMs ihuriweho yageze kuri miliyoni 420 z'amadolari muri 2024, bingana na 35% byisoko rusange rya PCM. Iki gice giteganijwe kwiyongera kuri 16.7% CAGR kugeza 2030 mugihe code yicyatsi kibisi igenda ikomera.
Gucunga Amashanyarazi
Litiyumu - bateri zitanga ubushyuhe bwinshi mugihe cyo kwishyuza - gusohora, bigatera ibibazo byo gucunga ubushyuhe. Urwego rwiza rwo gukora kuri litiro nyinshi - ion ni dogere 25-40; ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya dogere 50 byihutisha kwangirika mugihe kiri munsi ya dogere 0, kurwanya imbere byiyongera cyane.
PCM - ishingiye kuri bateri ya sisitemu yo gucunga amashyuza (BTMS) ikemura ibi nta gukoresha ingufu zo hanze. Ipaki ya batiri yaba yibijwe muri PCM cyangwa ikikijwe namakoti ya PCM. Mugihe kinini - imikorere yingufu, PCM ikurura ubushyuhe binyuze mu gushonga, igakomeza ubushyuhe bwa bateri munsi yurwego rukomeye.
Ubushakashatsi buherutse hamwe nabateri ya lithium ferpaki zerekana imikorere ya PCM. Ubushakashatsi 2025 bwagerageje bateri 500 Ah pouch munsi yikigereranyo cya 3C. Sisitemu ya PCM - ibyuma bya Hybrid sisitemu yagumije ubushyuhe ntarengwa munsi ya dogere 40.3 hamwe nubushyuhe butandukanye bwa dogere 2.8 gusa muri selile. Ugereranije, umwuka - sisitemu ikonje yageze kuri dogere 48 hamwe na dogere 17.2 zitandukanye.
Gukomatanya PCM byongera imikorere. Paraffin ivanze na grafite yagutse (10% kuburemere) igera ku bushyuhe bwa 2.56 W / m · K - a 10 - kunoza inshuro hejuru ya paraffine. Ibi bikoresho byagabanije ubushyuhe bwa paki ya batiri 25,77% ku gipimo cya 4C cyo gusohora mugihe ugenzura selile - kuri selile yubushyuhe bwa dogere 5.
Isoko ryimodoka yamashanyarazi ritera BTMS guhanga udushya. Hamwe no kugurisha kwa EV biteganijwe ko iziyongera 18% buri mwaka kugeza 2030, PCM - ishingiye kubushyuhe bwumuriro itanga pasiporo, yoroheje yubundi buryo bwo gukonjesha amazi. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko sisitemu ya PCM yongeraho 3-5% gusa muburemere bwapaki ya batiri mugihe ikuraho pompe hamwe namazi meza.
Imicungire yubushyuhe bwa elegitoroniki
Hejuru - ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bihura nubushyuhe burenze 100 W / cm². Uburyo bwa gakondo bwo gukonjesha burwana na miniaturisiyonike hamwe nuburemere bwumuriro. PCMs itanga ubushyuhe bwumuriro mugihe cyo gukoresha.
Gutunganya Smartphone bitanga 8 - 12W mugihe cyibikorwa bikomeye. Filime ya PCM (0.5 - 1mm yubugari) yinjijwe inyuma yerekana ikurura ubu bushyuhe, ikabuza ubushyuhe bwubuso kurenga dogere 42 -urugero rwabakoresha nabi. PCM ishonga mugihe kiremereye cyane kandi igakemura mugihe cyubusa.
Ibigo byamakuru byerekana umwanya munini wo gusaba. Seriveri zifite uburambe bwumuriro bushingiye kubisabwa. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha PCM igabanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kuri dogere 15-20 mugihe igabanya ingufu zikonjesha 30%. Ikigo i Frankfurt cyinjije PCM mu bishushanyo mbonera bya seriveri, igera ku $ 280.000 yo kuzigama ingufu buri mwaka.
Imyenda kandi ishobora kwambara
Microencapsulated PCMs mumyenda itera ubushyuhe - igenga imyenda. Microcapsules ya spherical (micrometero 2-30) irimo paraffine ifite amanota 28-32 yo gushonga. Iyo ikozwe mu mwenda, iyi capsules ikurura ubushyuhe bwumubiri hejuru yubushyuhe bwinzibacyuho, bigatanga ubukonje.
Imyenda ya siporo irimo PCM igabanya umusaruro wu icyuya kugera kuri 48% ukurikije ibizamini bya laboratoire. Ikoranabuhanga rigera no mubikorwa byubuvuzi - Ikanzu ya PCM ifasha gucunga ubushyuhe bwumubiri kubarwayi bafite ibibazo bya thermoregulation.
Porogaramu za gisirikare zikoresha imyenda ya PCM kubasirikare ahantu hakabije. Igisirikare cy’Amerika cyagerageje amakoti ya PCM agumana ubushyuhe bw’umubiri mu masaha 4-6 mu bihe bidukikije kuva kuri dogere -10 kugeza kuri dogere 45 nta gushyushya cyangwa gukonjesha.
Ububiko bw'izuba
Imbaraga zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba (CSP) zikoresha PCM mu kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Mu masaha yo ku manywa, indorerwamo zibanda ku zuba kugirango zishyushya ububiko bwa PCM. Ubushyuhe bubitswe butanga amavuta yo gukora turbine nyuma izuba rirenze.
Umunyu - ishingiye kuri PCMs ikora neza kuri dogere 200 - 400 zisabwa kugirango habeho ingufu. Ikigo cya CSP muri Espagne gikoresha toni 1.000 za sodium nitrate-potassium nitrate ya eutectic ivanze, ibika ubushyuhe buhagije bwo kubyara amashanyarazi amasaha 7.5 izuba rirenze. Ibi byongerera idirishya imikorere yuruganda kuva kumasaha 6 kugeza 13.5 kumunsi.
Photovoltaic - sisitemu yubushyuhe (PV / T) ihuza PCM inyuma yizuba. Imikorere ya paneli igabanuka 0.5% kuri dogere selisiyusi hejuru ya dogere 25. Ibice bya PCM bikurura ubushyuhe burenze, bikomeza ubushyuhe bwa panne 10-15 ikonjesha kandi biteza imbere amashanyarazi 8-12%. Ubushyuhe bubitswe burashobora kugarurwa kugirango butange amazi ashyushye, byongere imikorere muri sisitemu kugeza kuri 65% na 20% kuri PV isanzwe.
Urunigi rukonje no gupakira
Firigo ya PCM igumana ubushyuhe - imizigo yoroheje mugihe cyo gutwara. Uruganda rukora imiti rukoresha paki ya PCM hamwe na dogere 2-8 zo guhindura ubushyuhe bwo kohereza inkingo. Ibikoresho bitanga amasaha 24-72 yo kugenzura ubushyuhe nta kwinjiza ingufu.
Ubufatanye 2024 hagati ya Cold Chain Technologies na VPL Rx bwateje imbere ibikoresho bya PCM byubwenge hamwe no gukurikirana ubushyuhe bwuzuye. Sisitemu yagabanije kwangirika kwinkingo mugihe cyo gutwara abantu 40% ugereranije nubukonje - bukonje. Uburyo bwa PCM kandi bwagabanije uburemere bwo kohereza 35%, kugabanya ibiciro byubwikorezi n’ibyuka bihumanya.
Inganda zikora ibiryo zirimo paneli ya PCM mumamodoka akonjesha. Izi panne zikurura ubushyuhe mugihe cyo gukingura no gutinda gutambuka, birinda ubushyuhe bukabije. Ikigeragezo cyo mu murima cyerekanye ko 60% byagabanutse ihindagurika ryubushyuhe hamwe na 20% bikoreshwa na peteroli kubice bya firigo.
Ibibazo bya tekinike n'ibisubizo
Ubushyuhe buke
PCMs nziza ya PCM itwara ubushyuhe nabi - paraffine kuri 0.2 W / m · K bifata amasaha yo gushonga byuzuye mubice byimbitse. Uburyo butatu bwibanze bwo kuzamura bukemura iki kibazo:
Ikarita yagutse (EG)Kurema matrix. Iyo PCM yinjiye mu byobo bya EG, ubushyuhe bwo guhuza ubushyuhe bwiyongera inshuro 5-15. Gutwara EG 10% bizamura paraffin kuva kuri 0.2 kugeza kuri 2.5 W / m · K mugihe igumana 85% yubushyuhe bwambere bwihishwa.
Ifuro(aluminium, umuringa, nikel) itanga inzira eshatu - zoherejwe nubushyuhe bwo gupima. Ifuro ry'umuringa kuri pore 5 kuri santimetero (PPI) byongera ubushobozi bwiza kuri 8 - 12 W / m · K. Imiterere ifunguye-selile ituma PCM yinjira mugihe ikora imiyoboro ikomeza ibyuma kugirango ubushyuhe butemba.
Nanoparticle inyongeragutatanya binyuze muri PCM. Carbone nanotubes kuri 3% yibice byibiro byongera ubushobozi bwa 300-400%. Nyamara, nanomaterial yongera ubwiza kandi igora inganda.
Kwirinda ibicuruzwa
PCM idasanzwe ikomeza kuba amazi ya dogere 5-20 munsi yubukonje bwabo. Ibi bidindiza ubushyuhe kandi bigabanya sisitemu yo kwitabira. Ibisubizo birimo:
Ibikoresho bya kirimbuzigutanga urubuga. Ongeramo 2-5% borax kuri sodium sulfate decahydrate igabanya supercooling kuva kuri dogere 12 kugeza kuri dogere 2. Dioxyde de Titanium nanoparticles ikora nka nucleator ya hydrata yumunyu kuri 0.5-1%.
Ubuso bukabijemuri kontineri iteza imbere nucleation itandukanye. Ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu yumucanga byerekana 65% munsi ya supercooling ugereranije nubutaka bworoshye.
Gutandukanya Icyiciro
Umunyu hydrat itandukanya umunyu - ikungahaye namazi - ibyiciro bikize nyuma yizunguruka. Umunyu uratuza, ugakora gradients zigabanya imikorere.
Ibikoresho byo kubyimbanka hydroxyethyl selulose ikomeza guhagarikwa. Kwibanda kuri 1-2%, izi polymers zituma ibice byumunyu bigabanywa, bikagura imikorere ihamye kuri 1, 000+ inzinguzingo na 50-100 zitavuwe.
Amazi y'inyongerayishyura igihombo cya stoichiometric. Ongeramo amazi arenze 5-10% muri calcium chloride hexahydrate birinda gukomera, bikomeza igice cyamazi cyoroshye kuvanga.
Kwirinda no Kumeneka
PCM zamazi zisaba ibintu kugirango wirinde kumeneka. Uburyo butatu bwo gukumira bukemura iki kibazo:
Microencapsulation(1 - 1000 micrometero) ikoti PCM mubishishwa bya polymer. Capsules ikomeza kuba ntamakemwa iyo intangiriro ishonga, ituma PCM ihuza ibikoresho byubaka, imyenda, cyangwa ibihimbano. Ibikoresho by'igikonoshwa birimo melamine-formaldehyde, polyurethane, cyangwa polymers ya acrylic.
Makroencapsulation uses larger containers (>Cm 1). Amashashi ya plastike, amabati, cyangwa ibirahuri bifata PCM kuva kuri mL 50 kugeza kuri litiro nyinshi. Ubu buryo bukwiranye nububiko bwubushyuhe bwo hagati ariko bukongeramo uburemere bwibintu.
Ifishi - PCM ihamyekura burundu ibikoresho. PCM yinjiye mubikoresho byoroshye nka grafite yagutse, isi ya diatomaceous, cyangwa polymer ifuro. Imbaraga za capillary hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bigumana PCM yamazi mumiterere ya pore, ikarinda kumeneka nubwo yashonga byuzuye.
Gukura kw'isoko n'icyerekezo
Imiterere y'Isoko rya none
Isoko rya PCM kwisi yose ryageze kuri miliyari 1.6-3.0 $ muri 2024 bitewe nubusobanuro bwisoko. Iterambere ry'ubwiyongere riva kuri 11.5% kugeza kuri 18% CAGR, birashoboka ko uzagera kuri miliyari 4-10 z'amadolari muri 2032-2033.
Amerika y'Amajyaruguru iyoboye miliyoni 854.6 z'amadolari yo kugurisha PCM mu 2024, biteganijwe ko izagera kuri miliyari 3.1 z'amadolari muri 2033. Uburayi bukurikiranira hafi hafi 40% by'imigabane ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Aziya {6}
Inganda zingenzi zirimo BASF, Honeywell, Rubitherm Technologies, Icyiciro Guhindura Ingufu Ibisubizo, na Dow. Imiterere irushanwa ikomeza gucikamo ibice; nta mukinnyi numwe ugenzura imigabane irenga 15%. Iri gabana ryerekana imiterere yihariye ya porogaramu ya PCM - inganda zitandukanye zisaba uburyo butandukanye hamwe nuburyo bwo kwishyira hamwe.
Porogaramu Zivuka
Gucunga ubushyuhe bwubuvuzibyerekana isoko ridakoreshwa. Imyenda ya PCM igenga ubushyuhe bwumubiri kubarwayi barwaye sclerose nyinshi, ubushyuhe bwabo bugira ingaruka ku kugenda. Igeragezwa rya Clinical ryerekana imyenda ya PCM yongerera igihe cyo gukora hanze amasaha 3-4 mugihe cyizuba.
Porogaramu zo mu kirereKoresha imikorere ya PCM. Satelite ihura nubushyuhe kuva kuri dogere -150 kugeza kuri +150 nkuko bizenguruka hagati yizuba nigicucu. Sisitemu ya PCM igumana ubushyuhe bwibikoresho muri dogere 5 idakoresheje ingufu. Sitasiyo Mpuzamahanga ikoresha paneli ya PCM kugirango igenzurwe nubushyuhe muburyo bwubushakashatsi.
Ibikorwa remezo 5Ggukonjesha bikemura ubushyuhe buturuka kuri - ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Iminara ntoya ya selile ipakira imbaraga zikomeye zo kubara mubice byegeranye. PCM yo gukonjesha PCM igabanya ubukonje bukenewe kuri 40 - 50%, kugabanya ibiciro byakazi no kuzamura ubwizerwe ahantu hafite ingufu.
Guhanga udushya
Bio - ishingiye kuri PCM ikemura ibibazo biramba. Ibikoresho biva mu mavuta y'ibimera cyangwa ibiryo - ibishashara byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bikuraho peteroli kandi bigateza imbere - ya - ubuzima busubirwamo. Bio - Umugabane w isoko rya PCM uriyongera kuri 20% buri mwaka, nubwo ibiciro byumusaruro bikomeza kuba hejuru ya 30-50% ugereranije nubundi buryo.
PCM ikomeye - PCMs ikuraho ibibazo byo gukemura ibibazo. Ibi bikoresho bigenda bihinduka muburyo bwa kristu. Polyethylene glycol - ishingiye cyane - PCM ikomeye ikora kuva kuri dogere -50 kugeza kuri +175 hamwe nubushyuhe bwihishwa bwa 100-150 kJ / kg. Barimo gushakisha porogaramu mumyenda yubwenge hamwe nibikoresho byubaka byubaka aho bidashobora kwihanganira kumeneka rwose.
Nano - PCM yongerewe imbaraga ikomeza gutera imbere. Ibikorwa biherutse hamwe ninyongera ya graphene na MXene byerekana iterambere ryumuriro urenga 15 - inshuro 2-3% yikuramo. Nanomaterial nayo ituma amashanyarazi akora, gufungura uburyo bwa sisitemu ya PCM iterwa n'amashanyarazi.
Imbaraga zisanzwe
Inganda zidafite ibipimo ngenderwaho bihuriweho kumikorere ya PCM no kuramba. Inshingano y’ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu 42 yashyizeho umurongo ngenderwaho mu gupima umutungo w’ubushyuhe, ariko kurera bikomeza ku bushake. Ibipimo byihutisha iterambere ryisoko mugutanga ibipimo byizewe byerekana kubashushanya no kurangiza - abakoresha.
ISO irimo guteza imbere ibipimo bya PCM - ibikoresho byubaka byongerewe, biteganijwe ko bizatangazwa muri 2025 - 2026. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bizagaragaza ibipimo ngenderwaho byibuze, ibipimo byo kugerageza, nibisabwa byumutekano-cyane cyane bitewe n’umutekano w’umuriro hamwe na PCM kama.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya PCM kama na organic organique?
PCMs kama (paraffine, acide fatty) itanga imikorere yumukino wo gusiganwa ku magare hamwe na supercooling ntoya ariko ifite ubushyuhe buke. PCMs idafite ingufu (hydrat hydrat, metals) itanga ubushyuhe bwinshi nubushyuhe bwihishwa ariko birashobora guhura na supercooling hamwe no gutandukana kwicyiciro. Igiciro - ubwenge, ibinyabuzima biri hagati ya $ 2-8 / kg mugihe inorganiki ikoresha $ 1-15 / kg bitewe nibisabwa byera. Guhitamo biterwa nubushyuhe bwo gusaba, inshuro zamagare, hamwe nigihe cyo gusubiza ubushyuhe.
Ibikoresho byo guhindura icyiciro bimara igihe kingana iki?
PCM longevity varies by type and operating conditions. High-quality paraffins maintain >90% imikorere nyuma yizunguruka 10,000. Amazi yumunyu mubisanzwe agera ku 1.000 - 3.000 byizunguruka mbere yo gusaba gusimburwa. Mu kubaka porogaramu hamwe ninzinguzingo 1 kumunsi, ibi bivuze imyaka 3-27 yubuzima bwa serivisi. Gutesha agaciro bibaho binyuze mu gusenya imiti, kubora ibintu, cyangwa guhindura imitungo buhoro buhoro. Guhitamo neza PCM-kontineri ihuza ubuzima bwa serivisi kuburyo bugaragara.
PCM irashobora gukora mubushuhe bukabije?
PCM iraboneka kubushyuhe buri hagati ya - 50 dogere kugeza +800 dogere. Ubushyuhe buke - bukoresha amazi - ivangwa rya glycol cyangwa ibinyabuzima byihariye. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru - bukoresha imyunyu yashongeshejwe cyangwa ibyuma bivanze. Urufunguzo ruhuza PCM gushonga ingingo zisabwa-mubisanzwe uhitamo PCT muri dogere 2-5 yubushyuhe bwintego. Porogaramu zimwe zikoresha PCM nyinshi murukurikirane kugirango zipime ubushyuhe bwagutse cyangwa zitange igisubizo cyumuriro.
Ibikoresho byo guhindura ibyiciro bifite umutekano?
Umutekano uterwa n'ubwoko bwa PCM hamwe na porogaramu. Ibiryo - urwego PCMs (aside irike zimwe, polyethylene glycol) ntabwo ari - uburozi. Paraffine irashya - izimya umuriro cyangwa encapsulation igabanya ibi byago. Amazi yumunyu muri rusange afite umutekano ariko bimwe bitera uruhu. Kwifata neza birinda kumeneka no guhura bitaziguye. Kwemeza amabwiriza biratandukanye bitewe n'akarere; kurugero, ibyemezo bya FDA birakenewe mubisabwa guhuza ibiryo muri Amerika. Ibicuruzwa byinshi bya PCM byubucuruzi birimo impapuro zumutekano hamwe nubuyobozi bukoreshwa.
Ubwihindurize bwibikoresho byo guhindura ibyiciro biva muri laboratoire amatsiko kugeza kubucuruzi bushoboka bwo gucunga neza ubushyuhe bugaragaza kumenyekanisha inyungu zo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwumuriro. Kwishyira hamwe kwa PCM bikomeje kwaguka mu nganda aho ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe n’ingufu zashyizwe imbere. Mugihe imbogamizi nkigiciro nigihe kirekire bisaba kwitabwaho guhoraho, physics yibanze yo kubika ubushyuhe bwihishwa ituma PCM izakomeza kuba ingirakamaro uko sisitemu yingufu zigenda ziyongera. Ikoranabuhanga ritanga agaciro gakomeye mubisabwa aho sisitemu zisanzwe zidakorwa kubera uburemere, imbaraga, cyangwa imbogamizi ziringirwa - gukora PCM ntabwo ari ubundi buryo bwo gukonjesha gusa, ariko akenshi igisubizo cyonyine gishoboka kubibazo byihariye byo gucunga ubushyuhe.
