Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri
Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS) nigikoresho gikoreshwa mugucunga neza paki. Ku binyabiziga byamashanyarazi, iriba - ryakozwe na BMS ibyuma na software birashobora kongera neza urwego rwo gutwara, kongera igihe cya batiri igihe cyo kugabanya, kugabanya amafaranga yo gukora, no kwemeza umutekano n’ubwizerwe bwibikoresho byamashanyarazi. Sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu za batiri yahindutse ikintu cyingenzi cyibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Iki gice kizibanda ku kumenyekanisha ibihimbano, imikorere, n'amahame y'akazi ya sisitemu yo gucunga amashanyarazi.
Sisitemu yububiko
Sisitemu isanzwe yo gucunga bateri (BMS) ibyuma bikubiyemo cyane cyane ishami rishinzwe gucunga bateri (BMU), ishami rishinzwe gucunga akagari (CMU), ibyuma bifata ibyuma, ibyuma bifata insinga, nibindi. Mugushushanya uburyo bunini bwa - sisitemu yububiko bwamashanyarazi, guhitamo ubwubatsi bwa BMS nibyingenzi, kugena neza uburyo bwo guhuza ibice byububiko hamwe nuburyo bwo gutangiza porogaramu, no kugira ingaruka kubiciro bya sisitemu, kwizerwa, kuborohereza kwishyiriraho no kubungabunga. Ukurikije topologiya hagati yabagenzuzi muri BMS, BMS irashobora gushyirwa mubice bibiri: guhuriza hamwe no gukwirakwizwa.
1. Kwishyira hamwe kwa BM
2. Ikwirakwizwa rya BMS
Bitandukanye na topologiya ihuriweho, ikwirakwizwa ryububiko igabanya imikorere ya BMS mubice rusange BMU hamwe nabacakara benshi ba CMU. Imiterere ya modular yoroshya guteranya module, itunganya icyitegererezo cyimiterere, kandi igabanya imbaraga za voltage zidahuye hamwe numwanya umwe. Ibibi birimo ikiguzi kinini hamwe nuburyo bugoye bwo gutumanaho no kugenzura. Ukurikije ubudasa bwuburyo bwa BMS bwagabanijwe, burashobora kugabanywa muburyo butatu: guhuza inyenyeri (reba Ishusho 8 - 2), guhuza bisi, no guhuza iminyururu.
(1) Ihuza ry'inyenyeriMuguhuza inyenyeri, icyicaro gikuru BMU giherereye hagati, kandi buri moderi ya CMU ihuzwa neza na BMS ikoresheje ibikoresho. Ihuriro ryinyenyeri ryorohereza ingingo - kugeza - kugenzura ingingo, kandi kunanirwa kwa node imwe ya CMU ntabwo bigira ingaruka kuri sisitemu. Nyamara, uko umubare wamasomo wiyongera, ubunini bwimirongo yitumanaho mumurongo winyenyeri byiyongera cyane, bigatuma kubungabunga bigoye no kugabanya ubunini. Bitewe n'imbogamizi z'ibyambu bikuru bya BMS, modul ya CMU ntishobora kongerwaho uko bishakiye, bigatuma iba gake cyane muri - igipimo kinini.
(2) Guhuza bisiBisi - ishingiye kuri sisitemu yububiko yorohereza igishushanyo mbonera, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 8 - 3. Ubusanzwe BMS igabanyijemo ibice byinshi bigenzura: BMU, CMU, na Batteri Yinjira mu Isanduku (BJB). BMU, CMU, na BJB bihujwe binyuze muri CAN cyangwa indi miyoboro ya bisi. BMU ikora imirimo yibanze ya algorithm yo gucunga bateri; CMU ikora kugura voltage ya selile, kuringaniza, no gupima ubushyuhe; BJB ikora voltage nyinshi, ikigezweho, hamwe nubushyuhe, gutwara ibinyabiziga no kwisuzumisha, hamwe no kumenya insulation kubipaki ya batiri; kwigunga bitanga amashanyarazi, birinda gusubira inyuma gutwika ikibaho cyumuzunguruko no kugabanya amplitude yo kwivanga.
Bisi - ishingiye ku myubakire itanga uburyo bworoshye bwo gutumanaho guhuza no guhindagurika gukomeye, koroshya cyane igishushanyo mbonera cyububiko, kugera kuri modularité, no kunoza sisitemu ikoreshwa kandi byoroshye. Ingaruka nyamukuru yacyo nigiciro cyayo kiri hejuru.
Daisy - ingoyi nuburyo bushya bwo guhuza bwagaragaye mumyaka yashize. Imigaragarire irashobora guhindura - duplex SPI yerekana kugeza kuri 1Mb / s mubimenyetso bitandukanye hanyuma ikohereza ikoresheje umugozi ugoretse - hamwe numuyoboro woroshye, muto -. Kurugero, ibikoresho bya tekinoroji ya AFE (LTC6811) birashobora guhuzwa kugirango bibe BMS. Gitoya, hasi - guhindura ibiciro bisimbuza amakuru yihariye. Kuruhande rwibanze rwa microprocessor kuruhande, adapter ntoya IC (LTC6820) itanga interineti nyamukuru. Mugihe daisy idafite icyerekezo - guhuza urunigi biroroshye, kunanirwa kwi node iyo ari yo yose birashobora kugira ingaruka ku itumanaho rya sisitemu yose. Kubwibyo, impeta yatezimbere impeta -, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 8 - 4, yatejwe imbere kandi ikoreshwa mu bicuruzwa bya BMS by’inganda zikomeye z’imodoka zikomeye nka Tesla. Ugereranije na CAN ihuza bisi, daisy - iminyururu iri munsi yikiguzi kandi ntoya mubunini, ariko ifite ubunini buke, umubare ntarengwa ntarengwa, hamwe ningorabahizi mugukemura ibibazo byo gucunga bateri mubihe bigoye cyane nka sisitemu nini yo kubika ingufu.
Imikorere Yibanze
Mubisanzwe, ibikorwa byibanze bya sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS) harimo: gushaka amakuru, kugereranya leta ya bateri, gucunga ingufu, gucunga umutekano, gucunga amashyuza, kugenzura uburinganire, imikorere yitumanaho, hamwe n’imashini ya -. Igicapo 8-5 cerekana igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu yo gucunga bateri.
Kubona amakuru ni ishingiro rya algorithms zose no kugenzura muri sisitemu yo gucunga Bateri (BMS). Kubwibyo, igipimo cyicyitegererezo, ubunyangamugayo, na pre - biranga akayunguruzo ni ibimenyetso byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya bateri. Igipimo cyo kubona amakuru kigenwa na scenario n'imikorere. Kurugero, hamwe nububiko bwamashanyarazi butangwa, igipimo cyo kubona amakuru gishobora kuba gito nkikintu kimwe kumasegonda 10 cyangwa no kumunota; mugihe kubintu bifite impinduka zihuta (nkibinyabiziga), amakuru agomba kuboneka byibuze rimwe mumasegonda 1, hamwe numutekano - amakuru ajyanye nibisabwa bisaba inshuro zingana nka 100m cyangwa 10m.
2. Ikigereranyo cya Batiri
Ikigereranyo cya leta ya bateri gikubiyemo ahanini ibintu bibiri:Leta ishinzwe (SOC)naUbuzima (SOH). SOC iranga amafaranga asigaye yububiko bwa batiri kandi niyo shingiro ryo kugereranya urwego rwikinyabiziga gifite amashanyarazi. SOH nikintu gikoreshwa muguhagararira bateri igihe gisigaye nubuzima bwiza.
Imicungire yingufu iremeza ko - igihe gisohoka ingufu ninjiza ya bateri itarenza bateri na sisitemu yo gutwara. Mubyukuri, ubushobozi bwa bateri / ubushobozi bwo gusohora bugira ingaruka kubushyuhe, SOC, na SOH, mubindi bintu. Icyarimwe, kurwego rwa sisitemu, ingaruka nko gushyuha cyane no gushonga kumashanyarazi bigomba kwirindwa. Kubwibyo, imicungire yingufu nigikorwa cyo kugenzura isi yose cyane cyane ukoresheje ibyubu, voltage, ubushyuhe, SOC, na SOH nkibisubizo.
Gukurikirana ingufu za batiri, ikigezweho, nubushyuhe kugirango barebe ko bitarenze urwego rusanzwe. BMS igezweho (Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri) ntabwo ikurikirana gusa ipaki ya batiri gusa ahubwo inatanga kugenzura neza imiterere yimikorere ya selile ikabije nko kwishyuza cyane, hejuru ya - gusohora, hamwe nubushyuhe burenze -.
Gukonjesha bateri iyo ubushyuhe bwayo bukora ari hejuru cyane no kuyishyushya iyo iguye munsi yumupaka wo hasi wubushyuhe bukwiye bwo gukora kugirango bateri ikore neza kandi ikomeze kuringaniza ubushyuhe hagati ya selile imwe mugihe ikora. Imicungire yubushyuhe irakenewe cyane cyane kuri bateri zikoreshwa mugihe cyo hejuru - gusohora amashanyarazi hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru -.
6. Kugenzura Kuringaniza
Kudahuza imikorere ya bateri birashobora gutuma igabanuka ryimikorere ya bateri muri rusange ndetse ningaruka z'umutekano. Kuringaniza imizunguruko yashyizwe hagati ya selile kugiti cye mumapaki ya bateri kugirango harebwe niba uburyo bwo kwishyuza no gusohora buri selile kugiti cye bihuye nibishoboka, bityo bikazamura imikorere rusange yipaki ya batiri.
Igikorwa cyingenzi cya sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS) nugushoboza itumanaho ryibipimo bya batiri hamwe namakuru hamwe nibikoresho byimbere cyangwa hanze, bitanga amakuru yo kugenzura / gusohora no kugenzura ibinyabiziga. Ukurikije porogaramu, guhanahana amakuru birashobora gukoresha imiyoboro itandukanye y'itumanaho, nk'ibimenyetso bisa, ibimenyetso bya PWM, bisi ya CAN, cyangwa I2C ikurikirana.
8. Umuntu - Imashini Imashini (HMI)
HMI ni interineti ihuza abantu - imashini ikora. Ikoresha ibikoresho byinjiza nibisohoka kugirango bishoboke neza ibiganiro n'imikoranire hagati yabantu nimashini bakora. Muri BMS, HMI ikubiyemo amakuru yerekana no kugenzura buto na knobs, byashyizweho ukurikije ibisabwa.
