Niki Batteri ya Litiyumu Ion?

NaJake Morrison, Umwanditsi wibyuma|Sarah Chen|Mike Patterson
Byatangajwe:Ku ya 8 Gashyantare 2025

Nibyinshi mubintu byose byishyurwa muriyi minsi bikora kuri bateri ya lithium. Terefone yawe, biragaragara. Mudasobwa igendanwa. Izo matwi zidafite insinga ushobora kuba wambaye nonaha. Ikoranabuhanga ryatangiye mu 1991 ubwo Sony yacururizaga selile ya mbere ya lithium ion ya kamera, kandi kuva icyo gihe yariye muri buri cyiciro cyibicuruzwa.

Abantu barabaza "niki gifite bateri ya lithium ion" bategereje urutonde rworoshye, ariko igisubizo nyacyo ni: genda urebe inzu yawe. Kubara ibikoresho byishyurwa. Nicyo gisubizo cyawe.

Izi bateri zibika ingufu muguhindura ioni ya lithium inyuma ninyuma hagati ya electrode ebyiri - anode kuri cathode mugihe cyo gusohora, icyerekezo cyinyuma mugihe ucometse. Chimie yumvikana nkibigoye ariko ibisubizo bifatika biroroshye: imbaraga nyinshi mumwanya muto ugereranije nubwoko bwa bateri zashaje zishobora kuyobora.

What Has Lithium Ion Batteries

Impamvu eshatu. Ubucucike bw'ingufu bukubita ibindi byose. Lithium ion selile ipakira amasaha 150 - 250 watt - kumasaha. Gereranya ibyo na nikel-kadmium wenda 40-60 Wh / kg. Ntanubwo ari hafi.

Icya kabiri, nta ngaruka zo kwibuka. Wibuke terefone zishaje zidafite umugozi aho wagombaga gukuramo batiyeri cyangwa "ikibagirwa" ubushobozi bwuzuye? Litiyumu ion ntabwo ibikora. Kwishyuza igihe cyose. Icya gatatu, kwiyitirira hasi - gusohora - bafata amafaranga yabo bicaye ku isanduku, gutakaza wenda 2-3% buri kwezi na 20% kuri bateri ya NiMH.

Igiciro nacyo cyamanutse. Kera muri 90, bateri zari zihenze bihagije kuburyo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byonyine byakoreshaga. Noneho barahendutse bihagije kububiko bwamadorari USB charger. Nibyiza, bihendutsebihagije- iracyahenze kuruta alkaline, ariko kwishyurwa byishura vuba.

Terefone igendanwa. iPhone 15 Pro ifite bateri ya 3,274 mAh. Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra igenda nini kuri 5.000 mAh. Buri terefone kuva kumadorari 50 yishyuwe mbere kugeza kumadorari 1.500 ikoresha lithium ion - mubisanzwe chimie ya lithium cobalt oxyde (LCO) kuko itanga ubushobozi mumwanya muto.

Mudasobwa zigendanwa zikoresha bateri nini, mubisanzwe 50-80 Wh kuri ultrabooks, kugeza 100 Wh kubikorwa. Mubyukuri, 100 Ninde ntarengwa wemewe gutwara bateri mu ndege atabanje kubiherwa uruhushya, niyo mpamvu abakora mudasobwa zigendanwa bareba iyo mibare. FAA yashyizeho iryo tegeko nyuma ya batiri ya lithium irasa ku ndege mu myaka ya za 2000.

Ibinini bigwa hagati ya - iPad Pro ifite 40 Wh. Kindle Paperwhite? Tiny 6 Wh bateri imara ibyumweru kuko e - wino yerekana imbaraga za sip.

Noneho hariho ibindi bintu byose. Imbeba zidafite insinga na clavier (mubisanzwe AAA - ingirabuzimafatizo ya lithium ion). Indangururamajwi za Bluetooth - JBL, Amatwi ya Ultimate, Bose, lithium ion yose. Abagenzuzi b'imikino. Amasaha yubwenge. Abakurikirana imyitozo ngororamubiri. Kamera z'umutekano zitagira umuyaga. Video inzogera. Amenyo y'amashanyarazi. Imvugo - B iO ikoresha bateri ya lithium nziza mugihe cibyumweru bibiri hagati yishyurwa.

AirPods Pro ifite 1.98 Nubushobozi bwa bateri ihujwe hagati yamatwi na dosiye. Bikaba bitumvikana cyane kugeza ubonye ko bikoresha imbaraga zo guhagarika urusaku, gutunganya amajwi ahantu, hamwe no guhuza umugozi kumasaha.

What Has Lithium Ion Batteries

Imodoka z'amashanyarazi zahinduye igipimo rwose. Tesla Model 3 Long Range ipakira bateri 75 kWh - ayo ni amasaha 75.000 watt -, cyangwa bateri zigendanwa zigera ku 1.500 zifite ingufu. Batare yonyine ipima ibiro 1.000.

Imashini nyinshi zikoresha nikel manganese cobalt (NMC) cyangwa lithium fer fosifate (LFP) aho gukoresha cobalt {{0} cells selile ziremereye muri terefone. NMC itanga ingufu nziza hamwe nubushyuhe bwiza. LFP ifite umutekano kandi imara igihe kirekire - BYD na Tesla byombi bikoresha LFP kubintu bisanzwe bigezweho. Ubucuruzi - off ni imbaraga nkeya, bityo ukenera selile nyinshi murwego rumwe.

Ford F-150 Inkuba ifite 131 kWh irahari. Rivian R1T ijya kuri 135 kWh muburyo bwa Max Pack. Lucid Air Dream Range isaba 112 kWh kandi ikabona ibirometero birenga 500 bya EPA kuko moteri zabo na electronics birasaze neza.

Amagare y'amashanyarazi aratera imbere. Amagare ya Rad Power asanzwe akoresha paki 48V 14Ah (672 Wh). Hejuru - iherezo e - amagare avuye muri Specialized cyangwa Trek akoresha 500 - 700 Wh Batteri. E - ibimoteri ni bito-Xiaomi M365 ikoresha 280 Wh, Inyoni na Lime ikodesha ikoresha ubushobozi busa.

Amapikipiki yamashanyarazi aracyari meza ariko arakura. Amapikipiki ya Zeru SR / F afite bateri 14.4 kWh. Energica Ego + isunika 21.5 kWt. Ntabwo bihagije kurugendo rurerure kugeza ubu, ariko kugerayo.

Amato nayo araza. X Shore Eelex 8000 ubwato bwamashanyarazi bukoresha paki ya 125 kWh. Ubwato bwa hydrofoil ya Candela C-8 ikoresha 44 kWh na "isazi" hejuru y'amazi kugirango igabanye gukurura. Ubwato bwa Arc Sport bwamashanyarazi bwari 300.000 $ ubushize nasuzumye.

Ihinduka ryabaye vuba. Imyaka 20 irashize, abashoramari bakomeye basetse ibikoresho bidafite umugozi. Uyu munsi? Milwaukee, DeWalt, Makita, Bosch - bose bagiye lithium.

Sisitemu ya FlexVolt ya DeWalt ikoresha 20V cyangwa 60V bitewe nigikoresho. Porogaramu ya M18 ya Milwaukee ifite ibikoresho birenga 200 bisangiye sisitemu imwe. Batteri zabo zisohoka cyane zikubita 12 Ah ubushobozi - bihagije kugirango ikore uruziga ruzengurutse ibice byinshi.

Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byo hanze byakurikiranye. Ego Power Plus ikora imashini ya batiri ikoresheje 56V 7.5 Ah pack (420 Wh). Imigozi yabo yimigozi, ibibabi, ndetse na shelegi ikoresha urubuga rumwe. Ryobi ifite sisitemu ya 40V. Greenworks itanga amahitamo 60V na 80V kubikoresho binini.

Imashini za robo na vacuum zikoresha bateri ntoya kuva zishiramo mu buryo bwikora. Roomba j 7+ ifite nka 60 Wh. Husqvarna Automower ikoresha 18V lithium ion, ubushobozi buratandukana.

Ibikoresho byumwuga bikomeza kwiyongera. Milwaukee ikora bateri yinyuma itanga 300 Wh yo gukoresha ibikoresho byinshi kurubuga rwakazi. Stihl itanga iminyururu ya batiri ifite imbaraga zihagije kubikorwa byubucuruzi.

Imyitozo ya ogisijeni ishobora gutwara ni ingenzi kubantu bafite ibibazo byubuhumekero. Inogen One G5 ikoresha bateri ya lithium ion itanga amasaha 3-6 yo gukora bitewe nigenamiterere. Phillips Respironics Gusa Genda Mini intego hafi amasaha 4.5.

Imashini za CPAP zo gusinzira apnea zigenda zitanga amahitamo ya bateri. ResMed AirMini ingendo CPAP irashobora guhagarika bateri zo hanze. Nibyiza mukambi cyangwa amashanyarazi.

Imfashanyigisho zo kwumva zahinduwe kuri lithium yishyurwa vuba aha. Phonak Audeo Paradise yishyuza ijoro ryose kandi ikora 16+ amasaha. Starkey Evolv AI imikorere isa. Byiza cyane kuruta guhuzagurika hamwe na zinc nto - selile ya selile buri minsi mike.

Ibikoresho byo gukurikirana ubuvuzi - monitor yumuvuduko wamaraso, monitor ya glucose, ibikoresho bya ECG bigendanwa - byinshi ubu birashobora kwishyurwa. AliveCor KardiaMobile yandika ECG kuri terefone, ikora kuri selile nto ya lithium imara amezi.

Amapompe ya infusion, ibikoresho byo kubaga, ibikoresho byo gusuzuma bikoreshwa mubitaro - byinshi bya batiri ya lithium ion ibika cyangwa uburyo bwo gutwara amashanyarazi. Ibikoresho bya Stryker Sisitemu 8 yo kubaga ikoresha bateri ya lithium ion, sterile ifunze kugirango ikoreshwe mucyumba cyo gukoreramo.

Ibikoresho byimurwa ni ibyiciro bitandukanye. Bamwe mu bashya pacemakers bakoresha batteri ya lithium ion yishyurwa ikarishye (binyuze muruhu) ikoresheje induction. Medtronic ifite moderi aho bateri yongeye kwishyurwa mu buryo butemewe rimwe mu cyumweru aho gukenera gusimburwa buri myaka 7-10.

What Has Lithium Ion Batteries

Tesla Powerwall 2 ibika 13.5 kWh, igura amadorari 11,000. Powerwall 3 yasohotse vuba hamwe no kwishyira hamwe neza. Generac PWRcell itanga sisitemu ya moderi 9-18 kWt. LG Chem RESU iva kuri 10-16 kWh ukurikije iboneza.

Izi bateri zo murugo zifatanije nizuba - zibika ibisekuru birenze kumanywa, koresha nijoro. Tanga kandi backup mugihe cyahagaritswe niba byashyizweho neza. Sisitemu zose ntabwo zikora mugihe cyumwijima; Biterwa na inverter.

Californiya itegeka izuba kumazu mashya, bityo gukoresha batiri birihuta aho. Hawaii ifite amashanyarazi menshi hiyongereyeho izuba ryinshi, bigatuma ubukungu bwizuba + bukora neza. Texas yagize iyo gride yananiwe muri 2021 yatumaga inyungu muri bateri zo murugo.

Ibikorwa byubucuruzi bigenda binini cyane. Ububiko bw'ibiribwa bushobora gushiraho 50 - 100 kWh ya bateri yo gucunga neza ibicuruzwa. Centre yamakuru ikoresha ibyumba bya batiri ya megawatt kugirango ibashe kugarura imbaraga, gusimbuza cyangwa kuzuza moteri ya mazutu.

Igipimo cyingirakamaro ni ishyamba. Ikigo cyo kubika ingufu za Moss Landing muri Californiya gifite MWh 3.000 z'ubushobozi - ayo ni miliyoni 3 kilowatt -, cyangwa bihagije guha amashanyarazi hafi 225.000 mumasaha menshi. Ikoresha ibice bya Tesla Megapack, buri kimwe mubikoresho byoherejwe - bingana na 3 MWh.

Amashanyarazi ya Hornsdale yo muri Ositaraliya yari imwe muri bateri za mbere nini za gride, yubatswe na Tesla muri 2017 kuri MW 150h. Yaguwe kuva. Ubu buryo butuma imiyoboro ya gride ikomeza, ikabika ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, igabanya ibikenerwa n’inganda zisanzwe.

Sisitemu ya UPS (amashanyarazi adahagarikwa) isanzwe ikoreshwa na bateri - acide. Biremereye, bikenewe gusimburwa buri 3 - 5, birimo ibikoresho byuburozi. Sisitemu ya Lithium ion UPS kuva muri APC, Eaton, Vertiv imara igihe kirekire, fata umwanya muto, ipima bike. Ibigo byamakuru cyane cyane nkibi bigabanya uburemere bivuze umutwaro wubatswe mu nyubako.

Drone na quadcopters - DJI yiganje kuri iri soko. Drone zabo zikoresha bateri ya lithium polymer (LiPo), muburyo bwa tekiniki ni lithium ion ihinduka hamwe na polymer electrolyte. DJI Mini 3 Pro ikoresha bateri ya mAh 2453 mugihe cyiminota 34 yindege. Indege nini zitagira abadereva nka Inspire 2 zitwara bateri ebyiri zose hamwe 98 Wh.

Drone yabigize umwuga yo gukora ubushakashatsi, kugenzura, gutanga - bose bakoresha bateri ya lithium. Indege zitagira abadereva zipine muri Afrika zikoresha lithium ion. Amazone yo gutanga drone prototypes arabikoresha.

Porogaramu zo mu kirere ziraguka. Indege z'amashanyarazi ziraza. Pipistrel Velis Electro ifite bateri ya lithium - indege ya mbere yuzuye amashanyarazi yemerewe imyitozo yindege i Burayi. Beta Technologies na Joby Aviation iteza imbere tagisi yumuriro w'amashanyarazi ikoreshwa na paki nini ya litiro.

Satelite hamwe nicyogajuru bakoresha bateri yihariye ya lithium ion yubatswe kugirango ibeho icyuho, imirasire, ubushyuhe bukabije. Sitasiyo Mpuzamahanga ifite bateri ya lithium ion isimbuza nikel ishaje - selile. Buri moderi ya batiri ipima 400+ pound.

Ibikoresho bya gisirikare - ijisho rya nijoro, amaradiyo ya tactique, ibice bya GPS, bateri zose za lithium ubu. Ibyiza byingufu zingirakamaro mugihe abasirikare bitwaje ibikoresho muminsi. Radiyo AN / PRC-163 ikoresha bateri ya lithium ion.

Kamera nibikoresho byamafoto - kamera zitagira indorerwamo kuva Sony, Canon, Nikon zose za lithium ion. Sony A7 IV ikoresha bateri ya NP - FZ100 kuri 16.4 Ninde umwe. Amatara yumwuga - Gushyira amatara ya 300d LED akoresha kuri bateri ya V - ya batiri ya litiro (98 Nubunini busanzwe). Mikoro idafite insinga, monitor ya videwo, ibintu byose byerekanwa mugukora film / ifoto.

What Has Lithium Ion Batteries

Bateri nshya - ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa akenshi bifite Bluetooth cyangwa Wi - Fi ihuza. Urashobora kugenzura uko bateri imeze kuri terefone yawe. Ibikoresho bya Ego byerekana urwego rwo kwishyuza muri porogaramu. Ibikoresho bya Ryobi. Tesla igufasha gukurikirana bateri yimodoka yawe no kwishyuza kure.

Sisitemu yo gucunga neza bateri (BMS) ikora akazi kenshi. Baringaniza voltage ya selile - mumapaki menshi - selile, selile zitandukanye zigenda zitandukana mugihe, BMS irabasohoka. Bakurikirana ubushyuhe, bakarinda kwishyuza birenze urugero, kuvugana imiterere kubikoresho.

Bimwe mubintu bifitanye isano byunvikana, ariko kugenzura kure kubikoresho bihenze birumvikana. Abakozi bashinzwe ubwubatsi barashobora gukurikirana bateri zikeneye kwishyurwa. Abafite ingufu zo murugo barashobora gukurikirana umusaruro wizuba hamwe na bateri mugihe cyurugendo.

Impungenge z'umutekano zirahari nubwo. Porogaramu ya bateri ikenera kuvugururwa rimwe na rimwe. Niba iyo nzira y'itumanaho idafite umutekano neza, birashoboka ko ari intege nke. Ntabwo abantu benshi biba bateri, ariko mubitekerezo birashoboka.

Abantu bahura na bateri ya lithium buri gihe batabitekereje. Gukaraba amenyo y'amashanyarazi mu bwiherero. Isuku ya vacuum isukura (Dyson V15 ifite 70 Wh). Amatara yumuriro. Banki yingufu mumufuka wawe - Anker ikora moderi kuva 10,000 mAh (37 Wh) kugeza kuri 25.000 mAh (90 Wh).

Ibikinisho by'abana bigenda byishyurwa. Imodoka igenzura kure, urumuri - hejuru ibikinisho, ibikoresho byo kwiga bya elegitoroniki. Gukubita kugura bateri ya alkaline buri gihe.

Ibikoresho byo murugo byubwenge - Impeta ya videwo yerekana inzogera ifite bateri ya lithium ikurwaho. Kamera yumutekano ya Arlo ikoresha bateri zishishwa zimara amezi. Google Nest thermostats ifite bateri ya lithium. Kanama gufunga ubwenge bikora kuri lithium AAs.

Amatara yibiruhuko agenda yishyurwa nayo. Amatara maremare yubatswe - muri bateri hamwe nizuba. Buji ya LED. Ibintu byiza.

Imikoreshereze yumwuga iratandukanye cyane. Abakozi b'ubwubatsi bahinduranya bateri ya Milwaukee cyangwa DeWalt umunsi wose. Ububiko bwa forklifts bwishyuza bateri ya lithium ion mugihe cyo kuruhuka - iminota 15 yo kwishyuza gukubita amasaha yo gutegereza kugirango bateri ya aside irike yishyure.

Ibikoresho byubuhinzi gufata buhoro ariko bibaho. John Deere kugerageza ibimashini byamashanyarazi. Imashini yigenga yo guhinga akenshi amashanyarazi. Sisitemu yo kuhira hamwe no kubika bateri.

Inganda zisukura zakiriye lithium. Igorofa yo hasi, abakuramo itapi, abamesa ibicuruzwa - nka Tennant na Karcher batanga lithium. Kwishyuza byihuse, uburemere bworoshye, nta gufata amazi ya batiri nka sisitemu ishaje - acide ikenewe.

Batteri itesha agaciro. Chimie ntabwo ihoraho. Ubusanzwe bateri ya lithium ion igumana ubushobozi bwa 80% nyuma yikurikiranwa rya 500-1000, bitewe na chimie nuburyo bukoreshwa. Tesla yemeza ko bateri zabo za EV zigumana 70% mugihe cyimyaka 8 / 100.000-150.000 bitewe na moderi.

Ubushyuhe bwica bateri byihuse kuruta ikindi kintu cyose. Shyushya cyane cyane - kubika cyangwa gukoresha bateri ziri hejuru ya dogere 30 (86 dogere F) buri gihe byihutisha kwangirika. Ubukonje bugabanya ubushobozi bwigihe gito ariko ntibitera kwangirika burundu nkubushyuhe. Niyo mpamvu bateri ya Phoenix EV yangirika vuba kurusha bateri ya Seattle.

Kalendari gusaza nukuri. Batteri itesha agaciro ndetse no kwicara idakoreshejwe. Ubibike kuri 40-50% yishyurwa mubushuhe bukonje kuramba. Kugumisha bateri kuri 100% yishyurwa na dogere 40 mugihe kinini ni ibintu bibi cyane.

Ibibazo byumutekano bibaho gake ariko utange amakuru iyo abikoze. Gukora inenge byateje Samsung Galaxy Note 7 umuriro muri 2016-bibutse terefone miliyoni 2.5. Hoverboards yafashe umuriro kenshi muri 2015-2016 kuburyo indege zababujije. Mubisanzwe iyi nzira yo gukora ibibazo byo kugenzura ubuziranenge, kwangirika kwumubiri, cyangwa kwishyuza hamwe na charger zitari zo.

Guhunga ubushyuhe - iyo selile ishyushye kandi ubushyuhe butera izindi reaction zitanga ubushyuhe bwinshi - nuburyo nyamukuru bwo kunanirwa. Batteri yateguwe neza ifite ibintu byinshi biranga umutekano: imiyoboro igabanya imipaka, imiyoboro yumuriro, imiyoboro yubutabazi, ibyuma bitandukanya. Batteri zihenze zisimbuka ubwo burinzi.

Guhuza bibabaza abakoresha. Igikoresho cyose cyibikoresho gikoresha ibintu bitandukanye bya batiri. Batteri ya DeWalt ntabwo ihuye nibikoresho bya Milwaukee. Ryobi afite ubwenge bwo kubika ibikoresho byabo bya One + platform imyaka myinshi - ibikoresho kuva 2005 ikorana na bateri kuva 2025. Ariko abayikora benshi bifuza ko umucuruzi ufunga -.

Gutunganya ibikorwa remezo biracyatera imbere. Li - Cycle, Redwood Materials, nabandi bubaka ibiti byabugenewe bya lithium byabugenewe. Barashobora kugarura 95% + y'ibikoresho bya batiri. Ariko ibikoresho byo gukusanya bikomeje kuba ingorabahizi - abantu baterera bateri mumyanda, bigatera ibibazo byimyanda.

BMS ni ngombwa ariko itagaragara. Muri mudasobwa igendanwa, ikurikirana buri tsinda rito, ikagereranya igihe gisigaye, ikagenzura igipimo cyo kwishyuza, ikamenyesha ubuzima bwa batiri kuri sisitemu ikora. Birenze ubuhanga kuruta uko byumvikana.

Leta - ya - kugereranya amafaranga biratangaje. Umuvuduko wa bateri ufitanye isano nurwego rwo kwishyuza, ariko umubano uratandukanye nubushyuhe, umutwaro, imyaka ya batiri. BMS nziza ikoresha algorithms igoye ikora ibi byose. Niyo mpamvu ijanisha rya bateri ya terefone rimwe na rimwe risimbuka cyangwa rigabanuka bitunguranye - igereranya rihinduka.

Kuringaniza ingirabuzimafatizo mubintu byinshi - paki. Ingirabuzimafatizo kugiti cye byanze bikunze zifite ubushobozi buke butandukanye. Mugihe cyo kwishyuza, BMS irashobora guhagarika hafi yingirabuzimafatizo zuzuye kugirango ureke abanyantege nke bafate. Kuringaniza pasiporo bigabanya ingufu nkubushyuhe. Kuringaniza bifatika guhererekanya ingufu hagati ya selile, gukora neza ariko bihenze.

Gucunga ubushyuhe - BMS ikurikirana ubushyuhe bwakagari kandi irashobora kugabanya ibiciro / gusohora niba ibintu bishyushye cyane. Imashini zifite imiyoboro ihanitse yo gukonjesha hamwe no gukonjesha. Ibikoresho byamashanyarazi byishingikiriza gusa kumuriro.

Porotokole y'itumanaho - chip ya BMS ivugana nibikoresho byakiriye ukoresheje I2C, SMBus, CAN bus cyangwa protocole nyirizina. Ibi bituma ibikoresho byerekana amakuru yukuri ya bateri kandi bigahindura imikorere.

Porogaramu zinganda zihuza gukurikirana bateri muri sisitemu yagutse. Ububiko bushobora gukurikirana bateri zose za forklift hagati, guteganya kwishyuza no kwerekana amabati akeneye gusimburwa. Guteganya guteganya bishingiye ku makuru ya BMS.

Bateri zikomeye - bateri za leta ni grail yera. Simbuza electrolyte y'amazi nibikoresho bikomeye bya ceramic cyangwa polymer. Mubyukuri umutekano - nta mazi yaka. Ingufu nyinshi zishoboka. Toyota ivuga ko izaba ifite bateri zikomeye - mumodoka muri 2027-2028. QuantumScape, Imbaraga zikomeye, abandi batezimbere ikoranabuhanga. Ariko gukora ku gipimo ntigikemutse.

Sodium - bateri ya ion ukoresheje umunyu aho kuba lithium - ibikoresho fatizo bihendutse, birashoboka ko igiciro gito. CATL yatangaje bateri ya sodium yubucuruzi - ion muri 2021. Ubwinshi bwingufu ziri munsi ya ion ya lithium, ariko ibyo biremewe kubikwa bihagaze. Northvolt yubaka sodium - umusaruro ion mu Burayi.

Litiyumu - sulfure mu buryo bw'igitekerezo itanga ingufu nyinshi cyane - kugeza kuri 500 Wh / kg na 250 Wh / kg kuri lithium ion. Ariko ubuzima bwinzira bwabaye bubi, mubisanzwe bitesha agaciro nyuma yizunguruka 50-100. Ubushakashatsi burakomeje.

Litiyumu - umwuka (lithium - ogisijeni) bateri ifite imipaka ntarengwa - ishobora kuba 1.000 Wh / kg. Ariko baracyari amatsiko ya laboratoire bafite ibibazo bikomeye.

What Has Lithium Ion Batteries

Kumyaka 5 iri imbere - imyaka 10, ion ya lithium isanzwe iziganje. Iterambere ryiyongera komeza kuza-ibikoresho byiza bya cathode, anode ya silicon isimbuza grafite (kongera ubushobozi 20-40%), kunoza imikorere yinganda bigabanya ibiciro.

Ibiciro bya Batiri byagabanutse hafi 90% kuva 2010 kugeza 2023, biva hafi $ 1100 / kWt kugeza $ 130 / kWh kuri bateri ya EV. Iyo nzira irakomeje, birashoboka ko yagera $ 80-100 / kWt muri 2030. Kuri ibyo biciro, EV zigera ku giciro cy’ibinyabiziga bya gaze nta nkunga.

Kugabanya Cobalt nibyo byibandwaho. Ubucukuzi bwa Cobalt bufite ibibazo by’uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ingaruka zo gutanga isoko. Batteri ya NMC igezweho ikoresha cobalt nkeya kuruta iyakera (NMC 811 ifite nikel 80%, manganese 10%, cobalt 10% ugereranije na 1: 1: 1). Batteri ya LFP irimo cobalt rwose.

Silicon anode igurishwa ubu. Sila Nanotechnologies itanga ibikoresho bya silicon anode kubakora byinshi. Panasonic yatangaje bateri ya silicon anode kugirango ikore. Tesla ukoresheje silicon imwe muri selile zabo zimaze. Ibi byongera ubushobozi 10-20% udahinduye ikindi kintu cyose kijyanye na bateri.

Ikibazo "gifite bateri ya lithium ion" kizagira igisubizo kirekire mumyaka itanu. Ibyiciro byinshi byibicuruzwa bigenda amashanyarazi. Porogaramu nyinshi aho lithium ion yimura tekinoroji ishaje. Ikoranabuhanga ryakuze vuba ariko riracyatera imbere.

Gusobanukirwa ibikoresho bikoresha bateri ya lithium bifite akamaro kanini mugihe twegeranya byinshi muribyo. Ingo nyinshi ubu zifite ibikoresho 20-50 byishyurwa. Kumenya ibyo ufite, uburyo bwo kubibungabunga, nigihe cyo kubisimbuza bituma ishoramari riramba kandi rikora neza.