Ubushobozi bwa Batteri Niki?

Umubare w'amashanyarazi bateri ishobora kurekura mubihe bimwe na bimwe byo gusohora byitwa ubushobozi bwa bateri, bigaragazwa nikimenyetso C. Igice cyacyo gikunze kugaragara nka A · h cyangwa mA · h.

Ubushobozi bwa Theoretical nubunini bwamashanyarazi bateri ishobora gutanga ukeka ko ibikoresho byose bigira uruhare mugutemba - gukora reaction. Ubushobozi bwa Theoretical burashobora kubarwa neza ukoresheje umubare wibikoresho bifatika bikoreshwa mukuringaniza bateri, hashingiwe kumashanyarazi ahwanye nibikoresho bifatika bibarwa hakurikijwe amategeko ya Faraday.

Itegeko rya Faraday rivuga ko iyo umuyagankuba unyuze mu gisubizo cya electrolyte, ingano y’ibintu byangiza imiti kuri electrode ihwanye neza n’amashanyarazi anyura. Imibare, ibi birashobora kugaragazwa nk ...

Itegeko rya Faraday rivuga ko iyo umuyagankuba unyuze mu gisubizo cya electrolyte, ingano y’ibintu biterwa na chimique kuri electrode ihwanye neza n’amashanyarazi anyura. Imibare, ibi bigaragazwa nka:

Aho Q ni umubare w'amashanyarazi anyura muri electrode reaction (A · h);

(2-6)

m ni misa yibintu bikora reaction (g);

M ni misa ya misa yibintu bikora (g / mol);

F ni Faraday ihoraho, hafi 96500 C / mol cyangwa 26.8 A · h / mol.

Ikigereranyo (2-6) kirashobora kandi kumvikana nkubunini bwamashanyarazi Q yarekuwe nyuma yimyitwarire yuzuye yibintu bikora m. Umubare w'amashanyarazi Q nubushobozi bwa theoretical (C₀) bwibintu bikora kuri electrode, byerekana umubare w'amashanyarazi yarekuwe mugihe ibintu bifatika bya m bigira uruhare runini mubitekerezo.

Kubwibyo, ikigereranyo (2-6) nacyo gishobora kwandikwa nka:

(2-7)

Muri formula, K yerekana amashanyarazi ahwanye nibikoresho bifatika, K=M / 26.8 [g / (A · h)], bivuga ubwinshi bwibikoresho bikenewe bisabwa kugirango ubone 1 A · h yishyurwa. Inzira (2-7) nuburyo bwo kubara ubushobozi bwa theoretical ibikoresho bya electrode ikora. Ibikoresho bya electrochemic bihwanye nibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa na electrode bigaragara mumeza 2-2. Amashanyarazi ahwanye nayo arashobora gukoreshwa mugereranya nubushobozi bwihariye bwibikoresho bya electrode.

Ibintu bifatika	Misa ya misa / (g / mol)	Umubare wa Electron Yakozwe Mubisubizo (n)	Amashanyarazi ahwanye na [g / (A · h)]
H₂	2.0	2	0.037
Li	6.94	1	0.259
Zn	65.4	2	1.220
Cd	112.4	2	2.220
Pb	207.2	2	3.737
MnO₂	85.0	1	3.167
Ni (OH) ₂	92.7	1	3.456
PbO₂	239.2	2	4.463

Ubushobozi bugereranijwe nubushobozi buke bateri igomba gusohora mubihe bimwe na bimwe bisohoka (nkubushyuhe, igipimo cyo gusohora, na voltage yo guhagarika) nkuko biteganijwe mubipimo byigihugu cyangwa bireba.

Ubushobozi nyabwo bivuga umubare nyawo w'amashanyarazi bateri isohoka mubikorwa nyabyo -. Iringana na integral yimyanda isohoka nigihe cyo gusohora. Ubushobozi bwo gusohora nyabwo bugira ingaruka cyane ku gipimo cyo gusohora, bityo igipimo cyo gusohora gikunze kugaragazwa n’umubare w’icyarabu mu mfuruka y’iburyo y’inyuguti ya C, nka C₂₀=50 A · h, byerekana ubushobozi bwa 50 A · h ku gipimo cy’amasaha 20. Uburyo bwo kubara kubushobozi nyabwo nuburyo bukurikira:

Mugihe cyo gusohora buri gihe

(2-8)

Mugihe cyo guhinduranya ibintu

(2-9)

Muri formula, I - yerekana imyuka isohoka, imikorere yigihe cyo gusohora t;

T - yerekana igihe cyo gusohoka kugeza voltage irangiye.

Bitewe no kurwanya imbere nibindi bintu, ibikoresho bifatika ntibishobora gukoreshwa neza; ni ukuvuga, igipimo cyo gukoresha ibikoresho bifatika buri gihe kiri munsi ya 1. Kubwibyo rero, ubushobozi nyabwo hamwe nubushobozi bwapimwe bwimbaraga za chimique burigihe buri munsi yubushobozi bwa theoretical. Igipimo cyo gukoresha ibikoresho bifatika gisobanurwa nk ...

(2-10)

Aho m ni misa yibikoresho bifatika;

m₁ ni misa yibikoresho bifatika bikoreshwa mugihe ubushobozi nyabwo bwarekuwe.

Ubushobozi nyabwo bwa bateri bufitanye isano rya hafi numuyoboro usohoka. Mugihe kinini - isohoka ryubu, polarisiyumu ya electrode iriyongera, irwanya imbere ryiyongera, voltage isohoka vuba, kandi ingufu za bateri ziragabanuka, bigatuma ubushobozi buke bwarekuwe. Ibinyuranye, mugihe cyo hasi - igipimo cyo gusohora, voltage isohoka igabanuka gahoro gahoro, kandi ubushobozi nyabwo bwarekuwe na bateri akenshi burenze ubushobozi bwagenwe.

Ubushobozi busigaye bivuga ubushobozi bwakoreshwa busigaye nyuma ya bateri imaze gusohoka ku gipimo runaka cyo gusohora. Kugereranya no kubara ubushobozi busigaye bigira ingaruka kubintu nkigipimo cyo gusohora nigihe cyo gusohora mugihe bateri yatangiriye bwa mbere, hamwe nurwego rwo gusaza kwa bateri hamwe nibidukikije, bigatuma igereranya ryukuri rigoye.

n - ubushobozi bwigipimo cyisaha bivuga umubare w'amashanyarazi yarekuwe na bateri yuzuye iyo isohotse kuri n - isaha yo gusohora kugeza igihe voltage yagenwe igeze.

Ubushobozi bukoreshwa bivuga umubare w'amashanyarazi yasohotse muri bateri yuzuye mugihe cyagenwe.