Ibipimo bya Electronics Akazi

Ukeneye rero multimeter. Birashoboka ko umusaza wawe yapfuye, birashoboka ko winjiye mugusana ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, cyangwa birashoboka ko urambiwe kuguza Fluke mugenzi wawe mukorana igihe cyose ukeneye kugenzura voltage. Impamvu yaba imeze ite, gutora metero iburyo ntabwo byoroshye nkuko YouTube ituma bigaragara.

Ubu maze imyaka igera kuri 8 nkosora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, cyane cyane ibintu byabaguzi nibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byinganda, kandi nanyuze muri metero 6 cyangwa 7 zitandukanye. Bimwe byari imyanda, bimwe byari byiza, kandi umwe yari akomeye rwose kugeza igihe nayimanuye kuntambwe (ikosa ryanjye, ntabwo ari metero).

Benshi mubatangiye batekereza ko bakeneye gukoresha $ 400 kuri Fluke 87V ako kanya. Ibyo ntabwo arukuri kubantu benshi. Ntunyumve nabi - Fluke ikora metero nziza, kandi niba ukora akazi ka HVAC kabuhariwe cyangwa kubungabunga inganda aho gusoma nabi bishobora gutwara ibihumbi mugihe cyo hasi, yego, shaka Fluke. Ariko kubakoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki cyangwa akazi koroheje kabuhariwe? Hariho intera nini yo hagati.

Ubu nkoresha Brymen BM 869 s nka metero nyamukuru. Igiciro hafi $ 180 - 200 ukurikije aho ugura. Ifite 60.000 kubara ibyemezo bisa nkibicuruzwa bidafite ishingiro ariko mubyukuri bigira icyo bihindura mugihe ugerageza kubona impinduka nto muri voltage cyangwa ikigezweho. Gusoma bigezweho byihuse - inshuro zigera kuri 50 kumasegonda ukurikije spes zabo-zifite akamaro kurenza uko nabitekerezaga mbere yuko ngira metero hamwe na sample byihuse. Mugihe uri kugerageza hafi yumuzunguruko ugerageza gushaka ikibazo, igisubizo cyihuse kigufasha kubona ibibazo byihuse.

Mbere ya Brymen, Nagize UNI - T UT61E imyaka igera kuri 3. Yishyuwe wenda $ 65 kubwayo kuri Amazon inyuma muri 2019 (ibiciro byazamutse kuva icyo gihe, birenze nka $ 80-90 ubungubu). Iyo metero yari ihagije rwose kuri 90% y'ibyo nakoze. Impamvu yonyine yazamuye ni uko natangiye gukora imirimo myinshi yo gusuzuma ibinyabiziga kandi nkeneye igipimo cyihuse cyihuse hamwe nubushobozi bwiza bwo gupima AC.

multimeter

Umuntu wese avuga kubyerekeye "ubunyangamugayo" ariko abantu benshi ntibazi icyo kugereranya ukuri bisobanura. Iyo metero ivuga "± 0.5% + 3 imibare" ntabwo ari umubare umwe - ni amasoko abiri atandukanye hamwe. Igice cy'ijanisha gishingiye ku gaciro ko gusoma, naho igice cy'imibare ni offset ihamye. Niba rero upima 10.00V hamwe nicyo cyerekezo, voltage yawe irashobora kuba ahantu hose kuva 9.92V kugeza 10.08V. Kuri electronics nyinshi zo gukemura ibibazo, ibi ntacyo bitwaye rwose. Urimo gushakisha 5V ya gari ya moshi yagabanutse kugera kuri 4.3V kubera ubushobozi bubi, ntugerageze guhitamo ibikoresho byuzuye.

Aho ubunyangamugayo bufite akamaro: niba ukora akazi gasobanutse neza, kalibibasi ya sensor, cyangwa kugerageza ibikoresho byamashanyarazi. Noneho yego, urashaka ikintu cyiza kuruta ± 0.5% shingiro rya DC. Brymen wanjye ni ± 0.03% birenze urugero kubyo nkeneye, ariko yazanwe na pack.

Ibipimo bigezweho niho metero zihenze zerekana aho zigarukira. Umuvuduko w'imizigo - iyo niyo voltage igabanuka hejuru ya metero imbere ya shunt irwanya - irashobora kuba ndende bihagije kuri metero zihenze kuburyo mubyukuri bigira ingaruka kumuzingo upima. Nagerageje metero 20 zishaje (sinshobora no kwibuka ikirango) kandi yari ifite voltage ya 0.8V yumuriro kuri 10A. Ibyo biteye ubwoba. UNI - T yari hafi 0.3V. Brymen iri munsi ya 0.1V. Iyo urimo gupima amashanyarazi muri 5V umuzenguruko, itandukaniro rifite akamaro.

Igitekerezo kidakunzwe birashoboka, ariko mubyukuri nkunda intoki zingana kubikorwa byinshi. Imashini ya Autoranging iroroshye mugihe utazi icyo voltage ureba, ariko iyo ndimo gukora ku kibaho aho nzi gariyamoshi zose (3.3V, 5V, 12V, icyaricyo cyose), nashizeho intera rimwe hanyuma nkayirekera aho. Guhindura hagati yimodoka nigitabo bigomba kuba byoroshye nubwo - metero zimwe zituma ucukumbura muri menus birababaje.

Fluke 115 (hafi $ 200 - 220) birashoboka ko ari metero "prosumer" izwi cyane hanze kandi kubwimpamvu. Nubusanzwe idashobora kurimburwa, ifite ubwubatsi bukomeye, kandi intera yose ni ... yumvikana. Ibintu byose niho ubyiteze. Natije imwe mumezi make kandi mvugishije ukuri impamvu yonyine ntayiguze nuko nashakaga ibiranga inyongera Brymen yari afite. Niba ukeneye gusa voltage, ikigezweho, irwanya, gukomeza, na diode ikizamini, 115 ikora ibyo byose neza. Inkunga yabo ya garanti nayo nibyiza byemewe-Numvise inkuru nyinshi ziva mumashanyarazi zagize Fluke zisimbuza metero zananiranye nyuma yimyaka yo guhohoterwa.

Aha niho ngiye kumvikanisha ubutumwa ariko ibyo aribyo byose. Igipimo cya CAT kuri metero yawe ntabwo ari kwamamaza gusa. CAT II nibyiza kubikorwa bya elegitoroniki nakazi ka voltage nto. CAT III ni iyikwirakwizwa ryibikoresho hamwe nuburyo bwashyizweho. CAT IV ni kubintu byingirakamaro. Igipimo cya voltage (nka 600V cyangwa 1000V) cyahujwe nu rutonde rwa CAT kugirango nkubwire icyo metero ishobora gukora neza mubijyanye nimpinduka nuburyo ibintu byifashe.

Metero nyinshi zihenze zifite ibipimo byumutekano byimpimbano cyangwa biyobya. Habayeho impaka zose kuriyi myaka mike ishize - EEVblog yakoze amarira ya metero zihenze za Amazone zavugaga ko CAT III 1000V ariko zifite ibyemezo bidashobora no kuzuza CAT II. Video yihariye yari nko muri metero imwe yikigo cyiswe "AstroAI" Ntekereza ko, kandi Dave Jones yapimye PCB kuri 2mm mugihe bakeneye kuba 8mm cyangwa ikindi kintu cyo kurwego basabye. (Inkomoko: eevblog.com).

Niba ukorana gusa na voltage nkeya DC (munsi ya 48V), ibi ntacyo bitwaye. Ariko niba ukora akazi ka voltage yose, gura metero kuva kumurongo uzwi ufite ibyemezo byumutekano byemewe. Ibi bivuze Fluke, Brymen, Keysight, Klein, Amprobe, cyangwa bisa. Ntabwo ibirango bya Amazone bidasanzwe hamwe ninyenyeri 5 zisubirwamo rwose bidashidikanywaho na gato.

Gukomeza beeper birashoboka cyane cyane - imikorere ikoreshwa kuri multimeter iyo ari yo yose niba ukora imirimo yo gusana. Kwipimisha ikabutura, kugenzura amahuza, gukurikirana ibimenyetso bya PCB - urabikoresha buri gihe. Metero zimwe zigira ubukererwe mbere ya beep itera bigatuma ibintu bisa nkubusa. Gutinda bigomba kuba munsi ya 50m. Ikintu cyose kirekire kandi urimo kwimura probe ukibaza niba harikomeza cyangwa niba metero itaracuranga.

Kera yanjye nta - metero yizina yari ifite wenda 200 - 300m yatinze. Imyanda yuzuye yo kugenzura byihuse. UNI - T yari nziza cyane, birashoboka nka 30-40ms. Brymen ni mukanya. Kimwe na Flukes nakoresheje-ibisubizo byabo byo gukomeza ni byiza.

Metero zimwe nazo zikubita hejuru cyane kurenga. Gukomeza ntabwo ari kimwe no kwihanganira hasi - nibyiza ko ushaka ko beep itera ikintu nka 20-50Ω cyangwa munsi yayo. Nakoresheje metero zigera kuri 200Ω zitsinda intego mugihe ugerageza gutandukanya ihuza ryiza na marginal.

multimeter

Umuntu wese yibanze kubipimo byo gupima akirengagiza ko ugomba gukoresha ikintu. Ibyiza bya ecran. Ibibazo by'inyuma. Imiterere ya buto ifite akamaro. Niba kuyobora biguma muri jack bifite akamaro (Ndareba, Mastech MS8268-izo jack zari ziteye ubwoba).

Brymen ifite kwerekana neza - imibare yera kumurongo wijimye, byoroshye gusoma mumuri yose. Itara ryinyuma rirahagije kugirango ukoreshe mubihe bitameze neza ariko ntibimurika kuburyo byangiza iyerekwa ryawe rya nijoro niba ukorera ahantu hijimye. Ibisobanuro bito, ariko birashimwa.

Kubika isasu ni ikindi kintu ntawe uvuga. Ni he ushyira imbere iyo urangije? Metero zimwe zifite ibyuma byubatswe, bimwe ntabwo. Nkoresha magnetiki yiyobora ifata kumasanduku yanjye ikora neza, ariko nikindi kintu kimwe cyo gutekerezaho.

Yewe kandi hano hari ikintu kimbabaza: metero zidafite fuse zitandukanye kurwego rwa mA na 10A. Niba uhujije fuse nyamukuru, utakaza intera zombi. Metero nziza zifite fus ebyiri zitandukanye kuburyo ushobora gupima imigezi ihanitse niba mA fuse ihuha. Brymen ifite ibi, metero zihenze cyane ntabwo.

Metero nyinshi zamamaza gupima ubushyuhe nkibiranga. Hamwe na Brymen ubona K - andika thermocouple irimo. Nakoresheje wenda ... inshuro eshanu? Mu myaka itatu? Ntabwo ari uko idakora, ni uko kubikorwa byinshi byo gupima ubushyuhe, ubushuhe bwa infromaire ya metero cyangwa metero yabugenewe ya termocouple nibyiza. Ubusobanuro bwibikorwa byubushyuhe bwa multimeter mubisanzwe nibintu nka℃1-2 dogere nibyiza kugenzura neza ariko ntabwo bikomeye niba ukeneye amakuru yubushyuhe nyabwo.

Aho ari ingirakamaro: kugenzura ubushyuhe bwibigize ku kibaho mugihe ukeka ko hari ubushyuhe bukabije. Urashobora gukora iperereza cyangwa chip hanyuma ukabona gusoma. Ariko kubushyuhe bwibidukikije cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose, nakoresha igikoresho gitandukanye.

Nibyiza kubintu byibanze. Nabitse imwe mubikoresho byimodoka yanjye yo kugenzura voltage ya bateri ntakindi kinini. Ukuri kurakemangwa, ubwiza bwubaka burakemangwa, kandi umutekano rwose urakemangwa. Ariko kubipimo byoroheje bya DC bipima mugihe gito - ibyago, birakora. Gusa ntukabizere kubintu byingenzi kandi rwose ntukabikoreshe kuri voltage ya moteri.

Nagerageje metero 18 zidasanzwe kuva Harbour Freight inshuro imwe (icyitegererezo cyari ikintu nka 37772, birashoboka ko bahinduye kugeza ubu) nkagereranya gusoma na Brymen wanjye. Kuri voltage ya DC ubusanzwe yari muri 0.1 - 0.2V byemewe kugenzura bateri. Kuri voltage ya AC yari hose ahantu hapimwe 127V kumasoko mubyukuri yari 121V nkurikije metero yanjye nziza. Ntabwo aribyo gusa, ibyo birashobora guteza akaga niba ufata ibyemezo ukurikije ibyo wasomye.

Ukurikije ibizamini bimwe byakozwe naba injeniyeri kuri Keysight (keyight.com/blogs), uburyo bwo kunanirwa kuri metero zihenze akenshi usanga ari ibyago iyo binaniwe - nta kurinda arc, guhuza bike, hamwe na PCB ziva mu kirere aho kunanirwa neza. Isesengura ryabo ryerekanwe ryerekana ubwubatsi bwimbere butari gutanga icyemezo cyumutekano cyemewe.

Muri metero zimwe ubu zifite Bluetooth cyangwa USB ihuza amakuru yo kwinjiza amakuru. Ntabwo nabonye ibi bifite akamaro kubikorwa byanjye, ariko ndashobora kubona porogaramu aho zaba zifite agaciro - ndende - kugenzura igihe, kugenzura byikora, ibintu nkibyo. Brymen BM 869 s ifite USB optique (ntabwo ari moderi imwe mfite ariko ikora imwe) mubyukuri ni ingirakamaro kuko kwigunga kwa optique bivuze ko nta butaka cyangwa ibibazo byurusaku iyo bihuza mudasobwa.

Niba ukeneye gutema ibiti, hariho uburyo bwihariye bwo gutema ibiti byateguwe kubwintego. Urugero Fluke 289 irashobora kubika ibihumbi byasomwe hamwe na timestamps. Ibiciro nka $ 500+ nubwo rero atari kugura impulse.

multimeter

Kubantu binjira muri electronics gusa: UNI - T UT61E cyangwa bisa ~ $ 70-80 metero. Iguha ibisobanuro bihagije byo kwiga kandi ntuzapfa mugihe utabishaka ugenzura ikintu kibi (gifite ibimenyetso bifatika byumutekano). Bika amafaranga kubikoresho byiza nkicyuma cyiza cyo kugurisha cyangwa urugero.

Kubikorwa bya elegitoroniki yabigize umwuga byo gusana: Brymen BM 869 s cyangwa Fluke 115/117. Byombi hafi $ 180-220. Brymen ifite ibintu byinshi biranga, Fluke irakomeye kandi ifite inkunga ya garanti nziza. Ntushobora rwose kwibeshya na kimwe.

Kubikorwa byinganda / amashanyarazi: Fluke 87V cyangwa bihwanye. $ 400-450 ariko birakwiye kubipimo byumutekano no kuramba. Ntabwo nahendutse hano kuko ingaruka zo kunanirwa na metero zirakomeye cyane.

Kubinyabiziga: Ukeneye AC voltage nziza (kuri sensor), icyitegererezo cyihuse, hamwe no gupima Hz / inshingano. Fluke 88V irazwi ariko ihenze. Hano hari amamodoka - metero zihariye ziva mubigo nka Snap - kuri ariko biranahenze cyane kandi birashoboka ko bidakwiye keretse niba uri tekinoroji ya - yuzuye.

Ntamuntu ukeneye Keysight 34461A metero yintebe keretse niba ukora metrology cyangwa umurimo wa kalibrasi neza. Ibyo bitangirira kuri $ 900+ kandi yego birasobanutse neza (± 0.004% DC V) ariko ntibishoboka rwose kubisana bisanzwe no gukemura ibibazo. Ibi ndabivuze kuberako nabonye abantu kumahuriro babasaba kubatangira ari ibicucu.

Ibyo nibyinshi mubyo ntekereza ko ari ngombwa mugutora multimeter. Ntabwo washyizeho uburyo bwo guhuza oscilloscope cyangwa bumwe muburyo bwihariye bwo gupima (inductance, capacitance hejuru yikizamini cyibanze) kuko mvugishije ukuri ntabwo nkoresha ibyo bihagije kugirango ngire ibitekerezo bikomeye. Gura ikintu mubirango byemewe bifite ibyemezo byumutekano byukuri, menya neza ko ubuvumvu bukomeza bwihuta, kandi birashoboka ko uzaba mwiza.

Yewe n'ikintu cya nyuma - komeza bateri zisigara hafi. Metero nyinshi zikoresha 9V ariko moderi zimwe (Flukes zimwe, urugero) zikeneyelitiro CR1 / 3Nbikaba bidasanzwe. Kugira metero yawe ipfa hagati yumurimo wo gusana birababaje, gusa fata ibice bibiri mugihe utumije metero.