Niki Cyiza, Litiyumu - Bateri ya Ion cyangwa Litiyumu Iron Fosifate?
Kububiko buhagaze no gutwara ibicuruzwa, LFP itsindira igiciro cyose cya nyirubwite hafi 80% yimishinga tubona. NMC iracyumvikana kubyerekeranye nuburemere - gusaba imbogamizi hamwe nimbeho - ikoreshwa ryikirere ridafite ingengo yimicungire yubushyuhe. Nicyo gisubizo kigufi.
Igisubizo kirekire kirimo inshingano zawe zihariye, imbogamizi zurubuga rwawe, kandi mvugishije ukuri, ibyo CFO yawe yiteguye gusinyira imbere hamwe nibiciro byubuzima. Niba ugereranije amagambo yatanzwe nabatanga ubungubu cyangwa kubaka spike ya RFP, ahasigaye ibi bikubiyemo ibyo twize mubikorwa.
Isoko rya LFP ryabaye vuba kurusha abasesenguzi benshi bahanuye . 49% byoherejwe na batiri ya EV ku isi mu 2024, hafi - yiganje mu bubiko bwa gride. Tesla yahinduye Megapack muri selile LFP ya CATL kandi yongerera garanti imyaka 15. Umushinga wa BYD 12.5 GWh hamwe na Sosiyete ikora amashanyarazi yo muri Arabiya Sawudite yagiye LFP. CATL isaba zero zeru muri 256 GWh yoherejwe. Inganda zatoye ibyemezo byamasoko.
Ariko chimie yo kugereranya ingingo zizenguruka hirya no hino zibura icyukuri gifata ibyemezo kurwego rwumushinga. Umubare wubucucike bwingufu ntukubwira niba kwishyiriraho kwawe bizahuye nibirenge byagenwe. Ubuzima bwikurikiranya ntibubara uburyo bwo gutesha agaciro uzabona mubyukuri ibikorwa byawe. Byatangajwe nubushyuhe bwo gutangira ubushyuhe ntibusobanurwa neza mubyo marshal yawe izakenera.
Nukuri - Kwiga Isi
Twari dufite umukiriya w'itumanaho umwaka ushize werekana NMC kugirango ushyireho backup kuko umubare wabatanga ingufu zingana neza kumpapuro. Gusura urubuga byagaragaje ko bakeneye kongeramo ubushobozi bwa HVAC kugirango bakemure imitwaro yumuriro. Kuzamura umuriro byahinduye igihe cyagenwe amezi atatu. Igiciro cyose cyashyizweho cyaje 22% hejuru ya LFP ubundi bari banze. Ingirabuzimafatizo za NMC ubwazo zari zihendutse kuri kilowati. Ibintu byose bibakikije ntibyari.
Ubu buryo busubiramo. Icyemezo cya chimie ya batiri gikubiyemo ibiciro bya BOS, kwemerera igihe, ibisabwa byubwishingizi, namasezerano yo kubungabunga. Amatsinda yo gutanga amasoko yibanze cyane kuri selire - urwego rwibanze rwabuze sisitemu - ingaruka zurwego.
Kubuzima bwikizamini, umubare utanga imibare ukwiye kugenzurwa. "5000 cycle kugeza 80% ubushobozi" byumvikana neza kugeza ucukuye mubizamini. Niki C - igipimo? Ni ubuhe burebure bwo gusohora? Ubushyuhe burihe? Akagari kageragejwe kuri dogere 0.5C na 25 muri laboratoire gakora bitandukanye cyane nigare rimwe kuri 1C mubikoresho byoherezwa muri Phoenix.
Amakuru nyayo - amakuru yisi yose atangiye kugaragara. Ishyirahamwe rya bisi ryamashanyarazi ryakurikiranye 847 LFP - zifite bisi kandi ryerekana ko 7.2% yangiritse mubushobozi mumyaka itanu ikora. Ibyo nibyiza kuruta garanti nyinshi. Amato ya NMC yerekana itandukaniro - bamwe bafashe neza, abandi bagakubita ingwate mbere yigihe giteganijwe. Ubwiza bwakagari hamwe nubuyobozi bwiza bwubushyuhe burenze ibintu bya chimie kurupapuro rwihariye.
DOE ya 2020 isesengura ububiko bwa grid iteganijwe LFP imara hafi 67% kurenza NMC mugihe cyamagare ahwanye. Byatangajwe kuri energy.gov. Methodologiya yashyigikiye protocole isanzwe yikigereranyo, bityo - itandukaniro ryisi rizatandukana, ariko umwanzuro werekana icyerekezo ufite ibintu byinshi twerekanye.
Ubukonje bukonje niho LFP igwa rwose, kandi ntabwo igabanya ubushobozi gusa.
Kwishyuza LFP munsi ya dogere 0 itera lithium isa kuri anode. Ntabwo yagabanije imikorere - ibyangiritse byubatswe byegeranye hamwe na buri kintu cyakonje gikonje. Akagari gasa neza. BMS ntishobora gushyira ibendera ikintu icyo aricyo cyose. Ariko urimo gutesha agaciro buri gihe.
Inganda zishyuza protocole zisubiza mugukata ibiciro byubushyuhe buke. Kuri dogere - 10, igipimo cyemewe kigabanuka kugera kuri 0.02C. Amasaha mirongo itanu-yongeyeho amafaranga yuzuye kuri kiriya gipimo. Muburyo budakoreshwa udashyushye cyane.
Twasubiyemo imishinga yo mu burengerazuba bwo hagati aho imicungire yubushyuhe yongeyeho 12 - 18% kubiciro bya sisitemu. Inzitiro zifunguye, ibintu byo gushyushya, kugenzura. Haracyariho amakaramu na NMC kuri TCO yimyaka 10, ariko umwaka wa mbere igishoro cyabaye impamo kandi bisaba ko hashyirwaho umukono mukuru kurenza ingengo yumushinga wambere.
Niba kwishyiriraho kwawe guhura nubushyuhe bukabije - ubukonje bukonje kandi ingengo yimari yawe yo gushyushya iragabanuka, NMC irashobora guhamagarwa neza nubwo ubuzima bwikiguzi kinini. Twaganiriye nabakiriya muri NMC kubwiyi mpamvu. Ntabwo buri mushinga ugomba kuba LFP.
Ku biciro, ubushakashatsi bwa BloombergNEF 2024 - 2025 ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko urwego rwapakiye rugura amadorari 81 / kWt kuri LFP na $ 128 / kWt kuri NMC. Ariko ibiciro byo gupakira ntibifata ibyo uzishyura mubyukuri.
Ibiciro by'akagari ka LFP mu Bushinwa byagabanutse munsi ya $ 50 / kWt kugeza hagati - 2024. Bimwe mubikorwa byo kugurisha byafunzwe munsi ya $ 40 / kWt. Ibintu birenze urugero nukuri-CATL na BYD byongerewe ubushobozi mbere yicyifuzo, kandi ababikora bato barimo gusesa ibarura. Niba ugura ingano kandi itsinda ryanyu rishinzwe gutanga amasoko rizi kuganira, impuzandengo yatangajwe ni igisenge, ntabwo ari hasi.
Impande zinyuranye: selile zihenze kubatanga ibibazo rimwe na rimwe bisobanura ubuziranenge bwiza. Twabonye ibyiciro bifite ubushobozi bikwirakwira kuruta sp. Ibibazo byo guhitamo BMS. Inyandiko zidahuye nibiri mu gisanduku. Amadolari 45 / kWt akeneye 15% yakazi ka QC kandi akabyara garanti ntabwo azigama amafaranga.
Gushiraho umubano nicyiciro - abatanga isoko (CATL, BYD, EVE, CALB kuri LFP; Samsung SDI, LG Energy Solution, SK On for NMC) gucuruza bimwe mubiciro byigiciro cyo kwizerwa. Kwihanganira ibyago hamwe nubunini bugura bigena aho bigwa kuri iyo spegiteri.
Kubara ibiciro bya Lifecycle bisaba ibitekerezo kubyerekeye imikoreshereze itandukanye kubisabwa.
| Gusaba | Amagare ya buri munsi | Imyaka 10 | Ibyiza bya Chimie |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwiyogoshesha / TOU ubukemurampaka | 1-2 | 3,650-7,300 | LFP ku ntera yagutse |
| Imirasire y'izuba - gukoresha | 1 | 3,650 | LFP |
| Ububiko / UPS | 0.01-0.05 | 36-182 | NMC irashobora kwandika ikaramu |
| Kugena inshuro | 2-4 (igice) | 7,300-14,600 | LFP ni itegeko |
| Amato ya EV (gukoresha buri munsi) | 1 | 3,650 | LFP kumihanda myinshi |
Urubanza rwa backup / UPS niho dukunze kubona LFP igurishwa. Sisitemu izenguruka inshuro nke buri mwaka ntabwo izigera yegera ubuzima bwa LFP. Urimo kwishyura igihe kirekire utazakoresha. Niba igihano cyibirenge gifite akamaro - no mumitungo itimukanwa yubucuruzi yo mumijyi, akenshi ikora - Ubucucike bukabije bwa NMC bushobora kwerekana igiciro cyibiciro kubisabwa ahanini bicara ubusa.
Kubintu byose byamagare burimunsi, igiciro cya LFP - kuri - cyatanzwe - kWh inyungu zunguka muburyo bwo kuzigama kwinshi. Koresha imibare kumurongo wawe wakazi, ntabwo ari rusange "ububiko buhagaze".
Ubushyuhe bwo guhunga ibyago & Abafatanyabikorwa
Ibyago byo guhunga ubushyuhe bitera ibiganiro bitandukanye bitewe ninde uri mucyumba.
Ubwubatsi
Kwita kubushyuhe bwo gutangira: 250 - 270 dogere ya LFP na dogere 150-210 kuri NMC. Bita ku bipimo byo gukwirakwiza-RSC Iterambere ryatangajwe ryerekana amakuru ya NMC-811 ikwirakwiza hafi dogere 200 / min na dogere 1.5 / min kuri LFP. Bita ku kurekura ogisijeni iva muri cathodes ya NMC ikomeza gutwikwa nta mwuka wo hanze uturuka hanze, ibyo fosifate ya LFP ikumira.
Ibikoresho
Witondere ibisabwa byo kuzimya umuriro, intera isubira inyuma, hamwe nuburyo bwo guhumeka. Kwishyiriraho LFP mubusanzwe bisaba ibikorwa remezo bike - guhagarika byoroshye, kugaragara neza. Ibyo bisobanurwa mumwanya ukoreshwa hamwe nigiciro cyo hasi cyateguwe.
Gucunga amategeko n’ingaruka
Witondere uburyozwe hamwe nubwishingizi. Abishingizi b'imizigo bakajije umurego wa batiri ya lithium kuva mu 2021- miliyari 1,2 z'amadolari y’igihombo cy’umuriro ku bakora imyanda yo muri Amerika / Kanada muri uwo mwaka wonyine. LFP yo hasi yubushyuhe bwo guhumeka ihindurwa mumagambo meza ya politiki kubanditsi bamwe. Birakwiye kugenzura hamwe na broker wawe hakiri kare.
Imari
Kwita kubintu byose byavuzwe haruguru kuko bigira ingaruka kumushinga wose hamwe ningaruka - byahinduwe.
BYD's Blade Battery yimisumari ikwiye kwerekanwa mubiganiro byimbere. Ibisubizo byatangajwe byerekana selile LFP igera kuri dogere 30-60 idafite ubushyuhe bwumuriro mubihe byateje gutsindwa urugomo muri selile NMC. Video iboneka kurubuga rwabo. Nibyiza kubiganiro byabafatanyabikorwa kubijyanye nimpamvu "ihendutse" NMC ishobora kuba idahendutse nyuma yo kubara ibikorwa remezo byumutekano.
Ikoranabuhanga rishya rikwiye gukurikiranwa ariko birashoboka ko ridakwiye gutinza imishinga iriho.
LMFP (lithium manganese fer fosifate) itanga 15 - 20% kuzamura ingufu za LFP zisanzwe zifite umutekano usa. CATL na BYD bifite imirongo itanga umusaruro. Birashobora kuba ingirakamaro kubikorwa byashizwemo mumezi 18-24.
Sodium ya CATL - ion Naxtra ikurikirana, yatangijwe muri Mata 2025, itwara ikirere gikonje cyane - 90% imbaraga zikoreshwa kuri dogere -40. Ariko LFP irenze urugero yatumye ibiciro by'utugari biri hasi bihagije kuburyo ibiciro bya sodium-ion byashize. Kwemererwa gahoro kurenza ibyateganijwe mbere.
Igikomeye - leta isigaye 2027 - 2030 kububiko bwubucuruzi, mubyizere. Samsung SDI na Toyota batangaje igihe, ariko ibibazo byo gukora bikomeje. Ntabwo ari ikintu cyimishinga isobanurwa uyumunsi.
Kubijyanye no kwishyiriraho ubu, LFP hamwe nibiciro biriho hamwe nibikorwa biranga amahitamo ya banki kubikorwa byinshi byubucuruzi ninganda. Inzira ya tekinoroji igaragara irashimishije ariko ntabwo ihinduka hafi yicyemezo cyamasoko yigihembwe -.
Impamyabushobozi yabatanga ibintu kimwe no guhitamo chimie.
Ibigo bimwe bigurisha "bateri ya LFP" biracuruza ibikorwa bidafite ubushobozi bwo gukora. Bagura selile kumuntu wese ufite ibarura, guteranya paki hamwe na BMS zose zishobora guturuka, kandi twizeye ko garanti idashobora kurenga. Ibiciro bisa neza. Inkunga iyo hari ibitagenda neza niyindi nkuru.
Umwete ukwiye gukora: ubugenzuzi bwuruganda cyangwa byibuze icya gatatu - raporo yubugenzuzi bwishyaka. Kugenzura ubushobozi. Kugenzura ubuzima bwamafaranga - barashobora kubahiriza garanti yimyaka 10? Reba abakiriya ushobora guhamagara mubyukuri. Impamyabumenyi (UN38.3, UL1973, IEC62619) ikurikirana selile yihariye bakohereza, ntabwo ari ibyemezo rusange byatanzwe nuwabitanze.
Urwego - uruganda rumwe (CATL, BYD, Samsung SDI, LG Energy Solution, Panasonic, EVE, CALB) rufite inyandiko zerekana, ihungabana ryamafaranga, hamwe na sisitemu nziza. Igiciro cyo hejuru cyerekana ingaruka zo gutanga amasoko. Niba iyo premium ifite ishingiro biterwa nishyirahamwe ryanyu ryihanganira ingaruka nakamaro ko kwishyiriraho.
Niba uri mumasoko akora, ibitekerezo bike bishingiye kumiterere tubona:
Saba ibizamini byikizamini mubihe bigereranya gusaba kwawe. Imibare rusange ikoresha ibipimo byo kugerageza.
Shakisha imicungire yubushyuhe mu nyandiko mbere yo gusinya. "Ikora kuva kuri dogere -20 kugeza kuri dogere 55" ntibisobanura "kwishyurwa neza kuva kuri dogere 20." Sobanura imipaka yubushyuhe ntarengwa nibigenda iyo birenze.
Icyitegererezo cyuzuye cyashyizweho, ntabwo igiciro cya bateri gusa. BOS, gucunga amashyuza, kuzimya umuriro, kubemerera, imirimo yo kwishyiriraho. Guhitamo imiti bigira ingaruka kuri ibyo byose.
Koresha ikiguzi cyubuzima bwawe kumurimo wawe wukuri. Sisitemu yo kogosha cyane hamwe na sisitemu zo gusubira inyuma bifite ubukungu butandukanye.
Reba ingaruka zubwishingizi hakiri kare. Bamwe mu banditsi bafite ubutunzi bwa chimie bugira ingaruka kumvugo.
Kubaka impamyabumenyi yabatanga mugihe cyawe. Ubugenzuzi bwuruganda, guhamagarwa, hamwe no kugenzura inyandiko bifata ibyumweru. Ntukavumbure ibibazo nyuma yo kwiyemeza kugihe.
Dukorana nitsinda ryamasoko hamwe nitsinda ryubwubatsi bayobora ibi byemezo. Guhitamo selile, impamyabumenyi yabatanga, iterambere ryihariye, kugereranya amagambo. Niba wubaka urubanza rwubucuruzi cyangwa gusuzuma ibyifuzo hanyuma ukaba ushaka igitekerezo cya kabiri kubantu babonye uko aya mahitamo akina muburyo butandukanye bwimishinga, icyo kiganiro kirahari.
Polinovel yibanze kuri LFP ibisubizo byubucuruzi ninganda - sisitemu yo kubika, imbaraga zibitera, ibinyabiziga bidasanzwe. Turi mucyo kubyerekeye imyanya. LFP ihuza byinshi mubisabwa tubona. Iyo bitabaye, tuzakubwira, kuko bateri ikoreshwa nabi igaragaza nabi kubantu bose babigizemo uruhare.
Ibisobanuro birambuye biri kurubuga. Nshimishijwe no gusuzuma ibyo urimo gukora.
