Niki gihoraho?

Umuyoboro uhoraho nubwoko bwogutanga amashanyarazi agumana umuvuduko uhoraho, udahinduka wumuriro wamashanyarazi unyuze mumuzunguruko utitaye kumihindagurikire ya voltage cyangwa impinduka zirwanya imitwaro. Uru rugendo rutunganijwe neza, rwapimwe muri amperes (A) cyangwa milliamperes (mA), ruguma ruhagaze neza nubwo amashanyarazi ahindura ingufu za voltage kugirango yishyure ibintu bitandukanye byumuzunguruko. Bitandukanye na sisitemu ihoraho ya voltage ishyira ingufu za voltage ihamye, amasoko ahoraho agenga amperage kugirango arinde ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byoroshye ibyangiritse - byangiritse.

Ihame ryibanze inyuma yimikorere ihoraho ikubiyemo imbaraga za voltage ihindagurika kugirango igumane amperage ihamye. Iyo amashanyarazi ahoraho atanga cyangwa umushoferi amenye impinduka mukurwanya imizigo, ihita ihindura ibisohoka voltage kugirango igumane icyerekezo kurwego rwateganijwe.

Umubano ukurikiza amategeko ya Ohm (V=I × R), ariko ufite itandukaniro rikomeye. Mu gutanga amashanyarazi asanzwe, voltage ikomeza kuba nziza mugihe ikigezweho gitandukanye no guhangana. Muri sisitemu ihoraho, sisitemu igumaho mugihe voltage ihinduranya nimpinduka zo guhangana. Niba kurwanya imitwaro byiyongereye, amashanyarazi azamura voltage kugirango akomeze umuvuduko. Iyo kurwanya bigabanutse, voltage igabanuka kugirango wirinde umuyaga mwinshi.

Aya mabwiriza abaho binyuze mubitekerezo byo kugenzura bikomeza gukurikirana ibyasohotse. Abashoferi ba kijyambere bahora bakoresha ibintu byunvikana nka shunt résistants cyangwa Hall sensors kugirango bapime nyabyo - igihe kigenda. Agaciro gapimwe kagereranijwe nu murongo werekeza, kandi gutandukana kwose guhita uhindura imbaraga za voltage kugirango ukosore ibyasubiye inyuma kurwego.

Imirongo yimbere isanzwe igizwe nikosa ryongera imbaraga zerekana itandukaniro riri hagati yukuri kandi yifuzwa, hagakurikiraho icyiciro cyo kugenzura gihindura ibisohoka voltage. Ibishushanyo mbonera bigizwe na pulse - ubugari (PWM) cyangwa guhinduranya kugenzura kugirango bigerweho neza mugihe ukomeje kugenzura neza kugihe cyimiterere itandukanye.

Constant Current

Ibihe bihoraho bigira uruhare runini muri sisitemu yo kwishyuza batiri ya lithium - ion, aho ikora icyiciro cya mbere cyinganda - isanzwe CCCV (Constant Current - Constant Voltage) yamashanyarazi. Mugihe cyicyiciro cya CC, charger itanga umuyoboro uhamye - mubisanzwe hagati ya 0.5C na 1C (aho C igereranya ubushobozi bwa bateri) - mugihe ingufu za bateri zigenda zizamuka ziva mumasoko yasohotse zerekeza kumashanyarazi ntarengwa.

Kuri lithium - ion selile, iyi stade ihoraho igera hafi 70-80% yubushobozi bwuzuye. Gusobanukirwani bateri ya lithium ionn'impamvu buri gihe ibintu byingenzi bigenda byishyurwa cyane: bateri ya lithium - ion ni ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu zisubirwamo zikoresha ioni ya lithium igenda hagati ya electrode nziza kandi mbi ikoresheje electrolyte kugirango ibike kandi irekure ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Ubuhanga bwa chimie butuma bumva cyane kwishyuza amashanyarazi, niyo mpanvu uburyo burigihe burigihe ari ngombwa kubikorwa byabo byiza. Batare ya mAh 2,500 yishyuwe kuri 1C yakira neza mA 2500 yumuriro muriki cyiciro cyose, tutitaye kumashanyarazi yimbere yimbere. Amashanyarazi ahora yongerera ingufu za voltage kugirango akomeze kugenda neza nkuko ibiranga bateri bihinduka mugihe cyo kwishyuza.

Iyo bateri imaze kugera kuri voltage ntarengwa (mubisanzwe 4.2V kuri selile kuri lithium - ion chemistries), sisitemu yo kwishyuza ihinduka muburyo bwa voltage burigihe. Kuri iyi ngingo, charger ikomeza imbaraga za voltage mugihe amashanyarazi asanzwe agabanuka uko bateri yegera ubushobozi bwuzuye. Ubu buryo bubiri - ibyiciro birinda ibyangiritse birenze urugero mugihe bateri yakira ubushobozi bwumutekano muke.

Uburyo burigihe burigihe nibyingenzi kuri bateri ya lithium - ion kuko utugingo ngengabuzima tudashobora kwakira neza umuyaga utagira imipaka. Hatariho amabwiriza agezweho, amashanyarazi arenze urugero yabyara ubushyuhe buteye akaga, kwihuta kwangirika, kandi birashobora gutuma habaho guhunga ubushyuhe - kunanirwa gukabije bishobora gutera umuriro cyangwa guturika. Icyiciro cya CC gikora ihererekanyabubasha ryubahiriza ingufu za batiri kumubiri no mumiti.

Ubushyuhe nabwo bugira ingaruka kubikorwa byo kwishyuza. Litiyumu nyinshi - sisitemu yo gucunga bateri ikurikirana ubushyuhe bwakagari kandi irashobora kugabanya aho ihagaze mugihe ubushyuhe burenze imipaka. Ihinduka ryimikorere ririnda bateri kuramba kandi ikarinda kwangirika kwubushyuhe mugihe cyihuta cyo kwishyuza.

LED yerekana imwe murikwirakwizwa rya tekinoroji ihoraho. Bitandukanye n'amatara maremare akora neza kuri voltage ihoraho, LED ziriho - ibikoresho bigendanwa hamwe na voltage yerekana - ibiranga ubu. Umuvuduko wiyongereye wa 5% gusa urashobora gukuba kabiri umuyaga unyura muri LED, byatera umucyo mwinshi, kwangirika byihuse, no gutsindwa imburagihe.

Abashoferi ba LED bahoraho bakemura iki kibazo muguhuza ibyagezweho kugirango bihuze neza na LED ikora neza. Ubusanzwe hejuru - imbaraga LED zishobora kugereranywa kuri 700 mA kuri 3.2V. Umushoferi uhoraho yerekana neza ko 700 mA itembera muri LED utitaye kumihindagurikire yubushyuhe, kwihanganira ibice, cyangwa gutanga amashanyarazi atandukanye.

Umushoferi ahindura ibisohoka voltage ashingiye kuri LED igabanuka ya voltage igabanuka, itandukana nubushyuhe no kwihanganira inganda. Mugihe LED ishyuha mugihe ikora, voltage yimbere igabanukaho gato. Umushoferi uhoraho yindishyi mukugabanya ibyasohotse mumashanyarazi ugereranije kugirango bigumane urumuri ruhoraho kandi ruhoraho.

Kumatara ya LED n'amatara yubatswe, sisitemu ihoraho ituma ikora igihe kirekire nta kibazo cya voltage igabanuka. Imirongo gakondo ihoraho ya voltage ifite uburambe bugabanuka muburebure bwabyo kubera kurwanya insinga zihuza. Imirongo ihoraho ikomeza kumurika hagati ya metero 32 na 98, bitewe nigishushanyo mbonera cyihariye.

Abashoferi ba LED mubisanzwe bagaragaza umusaruro wabo ukurikije igipimo kiriho (urugero, 350 mA, 700 mA, 1050 mA) hamwe na voltage (urugero, 20-40V). Urutonde rwa voltage yerekana ubushobozi bwumushoferi bwo kwakira imibare itandukanye ya LED murukurikirane. LED nyinshi zisaba voltage yo hejuru kugirango isunike umuyoboro umwe unyuze kumuzunguruko.

Kugabanya buri gihe sisitemu ya LED ikoresha PWM cyangwa ibimenyetso bigereranya kugenzura ibyasohotse. Porotokole nka 0-10V, DALI, na DMX zitanga umurongo ucuramye neza mugihe ukomeza inyungu zubuyobozi bugezweho murwego rwo kumurika.

Kurenza ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi, amasoko ahoraho akora ibikorwa byingenzi mubikorwa byinganda neza nibikoresho bya siyansi. Izi porogaramu zisaba kugenzura neza kugirango zizere ibisubizo bihamye no kurinda ibikoresho bihenze.

Amashanyarazi no Kurangiza Ibyuma: Umuyoboro uhoraho ugenzura igipimo cyo guta ibyuma mubikorwa bya electroplating. Ubucucike buriho bugena mu buryo butaziguye umubyimba wuburinganire nuburinganire. Ibikoresho byo gushiraho bikoresha ibikoresho byinshi - ibikoresho bya CC bigezweho (akenshi amajana n'amajana) kugirango habeho gukwirakwiza ibyuma mubice. Ihindagurika ryimyuka ryarema impuzu zingana hamwe nudusembwa dufite inenge.

Sisitemu ya Laser: Sisitemu nyinshi zinganda nubuvuzi zikenera abashoferi bahoraho kubisoko bya pompe ya diode. Laser diode irahari cyane - yunvikana, kandi itandukaniro rito nka 1% rishobora kugira ingaruka kumasoko yumutekano hamwe nubwiza bwibiti. Isoko ihoraho isanzwe ikomeza imikorere ya laser kubisabwa kuva gukata no gusudira kugeza kubikorwa byo kubaga.

Isesengura ry'amashanyarazi: Ibikoresho bya laboratoire ikora voltammetry, coulometrie, nibindi bipimo byamashanyarazi bishingiye kumasoko ahoraho kugirango igenzure igipimo cyibisubizo. Ubu buhanga bupima uburyo sisitemu yimiti isubiza ibyinjira byinjira, bitanga amakuru kubyerekeranye na reaction ya kinetics, kwibanda kwa ion, nibintu bifatika.

Ibikoresho byo gusudira: Kurwanya sisitemu yo gusudira ikoresha uburyo buhoraho kugirango harebwe ubuziranenge bwo gusudira mubice byose hamwe no guhangana kwabo. Ubwoko bwa CC butanga ingufu zingana hatitawe kubitandukanya bito mubice bikwiranye - hejuru cyangwa imiterere yubuso, bitanga gusudira kwizewe murwego rwo hejuru -.

Magnetisation na Degaussing: Gukora magnetiki yuzuye bisaba guhorana amashanyarazi binyuze mumashanyarazi. Porogaramu zirimo sisitemu ya magnetiki resonance yerekana amashusho (MRI), umuvuduko wihuta, nibikoresho bya kalibrasi. Ndetse n'imihindagurikire mito ihindagurika yagoreka umurima wa magneti kandi ikabangamira gupima neza.

Gukora Semiconductor. Inganda za semiconductor zikenera nanometero - igipimo gisaba guhagarara neza kugipimo mubice kuri miliyoni.

Constant Current

Guhitamo hagati yumurongo uhoraho hamwe na voltage ihoraho biterwa ahanini nuburyo umutwaro wumuvuduko cyangwa imbaraga za sensitivite bifite akamaro cyane kubisabwa. Gusobanukirwa iri tandukaniro bifasha injeniyeri guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye byo gutanga amashanyarazi.

Ibiriho - Imizigo Yumva: Ibikoresho nka LED, diode ya laser, na selile yamashanyarazi bigezweho - byoroshye. Ibikorwa byabo, ubuzima bwabo, nibikorwa biterwa no gukomeza urwego rwihariye. Ibirenze urugero bitera kwangirika cyangwa kwambara byihuse. Iyi mitwaro isaba buri gihe disiki ikora kugirango ikore ibipimo byizewe.

Umuvuduko - Imizigo Yumva: Ibyinshi mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki, sensor, hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura ni voltage - byoroshye. Microcontrollers, chip yibuka, hamwe ninteruro yitumanaho bikorera mumashanyarazi yihariye ariko ushushanya ibintu bitandukanye ukurikije ibikorwa byabo. Ibi bikoresho bikenera ibikoresho bya voltage bihoraho bishobora gutanga icyaricyo cyose umutwaro usabwa mumipaka yagenwe.

Sisitemu ihuriweho: Porogaramu nyinshi zifatika zikoresha uburyo bwombi cyangwa icyarimwe. Amashanyarazi ya bateri atangirana numuyoboro uhoraho wo kwishyuza byinshi, hanyuma uhindure kuri voltage ihoraho hejuru yanyuma - kuzimya. Porogaramu ishobora gutanga amashanyarazi irashobora gukora muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose hashingiwe ku mbibi zigeze mbere - voltage cyangwa ikigezweho.

Guhuza Umutwaro: Ibikoresho bya voltage bihoraho bikora neza hamwe na - imizigo yimitwaro aho gushushanya biguma bihagaze neza. Ibikoresho bihoraho bikwiranye na - inzitizi cyangwa gutandukana - imitwaro irwanya aho gukomeza ibintu bihoraho kuruta urwego rwa voltage. Ubwoko budahuye bwo gutanga ibintu biranga ibisubizo haba mubikorwa bidahindagurika cyangwa imikorere idahwitse.

Imikorere yo Kurinda: Ubwoko bwombi butanga inyungu zo gukingira. Ibikoresho bya voltage bihoraho mubisanzwe bigabanya imipaka kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwinshi. Iyo ikigezweho kirenze imipaka, itangwa ryikora ryinjira muburyo bwa CC kandi rigabanya voltage kugirango igumane igisenge kiriho. Ibi birinda gusenya amashanyarazi hamwe numutwaro uhujwe mugihe cyamakosa.

Ibitekerezo Byiza: Guhora uhinduranya ibintu bigezweho bigera kumikorere irenze umurongo uturuka kumurongo, cyane cyane iyo utwaye imizigo hamwe nicyumba kinini cya voltage. Nyamara, ibisabwa byihariye bisabwa - harimo kumva urusaku, imbogamizi zumuriro, nigiciro - byerekana amahitamo meza ya topologiya.

Abashushanya gushyira mubikorwa amasoko ahoraho bakoresheje inzira zumuzunguruko, buriwese ufite inyungu zitandukanye kubikorwa bitandukanye. Guhitamo biterwa nukuri gukenewe, urwego rwimbaraga, imikorere, hamwe nimbogamizi.

Imirongo igezweho. Abagenzuzi b'umurongo batanga umusaruro mwiza hamwe n urusaku ruke rwamashanyarazi ariko bagabanye imbaraga zirenze nkubushyuhe. Bakora neza kubushobozi buke - imbaraga zingirakamaro aho imikorere idakomeye kuruta imikorere.

Guhindura Abagenzuzi. Iyi mizunguruko ihindura tristoriste kuri no kuzimya kuri frequency nyinshi, ikabika ingufu muri inductor itanga imiyoboro yagenzuwe kumuzigo. Guhindura abagenzuzi bagera kuri 85 - 95% ariko bikabyara urusaku rwinshi rusaba gushungura neza.

Uburyo bwubu: Amabwiriza asobanutse neza arasaba gupimwa neza. Shunt résistants ikurikirana hamwe numutwaro itanga voltage ihwanye numuyoboro kugirango igenzurwe. Hasi - birwanya kurwanya (akenshi miliohms) bigabanya gutakaza ingufu. Ubundi buryo burimo ibyuma byerekana ibyuma byerekana ibyiyumvo byihariye cyangwa ibyuka - byongera imbaraga zipima voltage kuri MOSFETs 'kuri -.

Kugenzura Ibitekerezo. Igenzura ryihuse rigumana amabwiriza meza mugihe cyimyanya ariko bisaba indishyi zitondewe kugirango wirinde ihungabana. Buhoro buhoro bigabanya urusaku rwinshi - ariko birashobora kwemerera gutandukana kumwanya muto mugihe cyihuta cyumutwaro.

Igenamiterere rya none. Igishushanyo - ibishushanyo mbonera bigezweho kugirango bisohore urwego runaka, bigere ku mikorere myiza nigiciro gito. Ibicuruzwa bimwe bitanga switch - byatoranijwe bigezweho kugirango ukoreshe porogaramu nyinshi hamwe nigishushanyo kimwe.

Gucunga Ubushyuhe: Hejuru - amasoko agezweho atanga ubushyuhe bugaragara, cyane cyane mubishushanyo mbonera. Gushyushya neza birinda guhagarika ubushyuhe kandi bigatanga ubunyangamugayo bugezweho, kuko ibintu byinshi biranga igice cya kabiri bigenda bitwara ubushyuhe. Bamwe mubashoferi bahoraho barimo indishyi zubushyuhe kugirango bagumane neza aho bakorera.

Sisitemu zigezweho zihoraho zirimo uburyo bwinshi bwo kurinda kugirango habeho gukora neza haba mubihe bisanzwe nibisanzwe. Ibiranga birinda amashanyarazi, umutwaro, nibikoresho bikikije ibyangiritse mugihe ibintu bitunguranye.

Kurinda birenze urugero. Inzitizi zirenze urugero zirerekana iyi miterere hanyuma ugashyira voltage kumurongo ntarengwa cyangwa ugahagarika ibisohoka burundu.

Guhagarika Ubushyuhe: Ibikoresho byose bya elegitoroniki bifite ubushyuhe ntarengwa. Iyo ubushyuhe bwimbere bwimbere bugaragaza ubushyuhe bwinshi, amashanyarazi yumuriro wumuriro uhagarika ibisohoka kugeza ubukonje bubaye. Ibi birinda ibyangiritse nibishobora guteza inkongi y'umuriro, bihita bikira iyo ubushyuhe bugarutse kurwego rwumutekano.

Kurinda Inzira ngufi: Umuzunguruko mugufi kumusaruro uhoraho utanga ibintu bigabanya voltage hafi ya zeru. Mugihe ibisanzwe bisanzwe biguma kurwego rwateganijwe, uruzinduko rwuburinzi rugomba kwemeza ko iyi miterere itangiza ibice byimbere. Kurinda umuzunguruko mugufi byemerera amakosa mugufi yo kwipimisha ariko bigahagarika cyangwa byinjira muburyo bwa hiccup kubugufi burambye.

Umupaka ntarengwa: Porogaramu zingenzi zikoresha uburyo bwinshi bwo kwiyumvisha ibintu birenze. Niba ibyibanze byibanze byananiranye, sensor ya kabiri yinyuma cyangwa igereranya birenze urugero itanga umutekano kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwinshi. Ubu buryo bubiri - uburyo busanzwe burasanzwe mubikoresho byubuvuzi hamwe nibisabwa mu kirere.

Kurinda Polarite Kurinda: Guhuza ibintu bihoraho bitangwa inyuma yumutwaro birashobora kwangiza ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Kurinda polarite ikingira ikoresha diode cyangwa MOSFETs kugirango ihagarike imigendekere yimikorere mugihe polarite itariyo, ikabuza kwangirika kwamakosa yo mugihe cyo kuyashiraho cyangwa kuyitunganya.

Kwigunga. Ibi birinda ibizunguruka, bigabanya guhuza urusaku, kandi bitanga uburinzi bwumutekano mubisabwa aho umutwaro ushobora guhura nabakoresha. Ibikoresho byubuvuzi mubisanzwe bisaba ibyiciro byinshi byo kwigunga kugirango umutekano wumurwayi.

Isoko rihoraho ryabatwara ibinyabiziga ryagutse cyane ryatewe no kwamamara kwisi yose hamwe na manda ikora neza. Isesengura ry’isoko ryahaye agaciro urwego ruhoraho rw’abashoferi rugera kuri miliyari 5.71 z'amadolari mu 2024, aho biteganijwe ko mu mwaka wa 2032 hateganijwe kugera kuri miliyari 11.04 z'amadolari y’Amerika.

Ibintu byinshi bitera iri terambere. Ihinduka ryisi yose riva kumatara yaka na fluorescent yerekeza kuri tekinoroji ya LED itanga ibisabwa bihoraho kubisabwa muri iki gihe. LED ubu yiganje kumasoko yo guturamo, iy'ubucuruzi, ninganda, buri gikoresho gisaba abashoferi bahoraho bahoraho kuri progaramu.

Sisitemu yo kumurika yubwenge ihuza IoT ihuza hamwe nubugenzuzi bwimihindagurikire yimiterere yishingikiriza cyane kubushoferi buhoraho bugezweho bushigikira protocole y'itumanaho rya digitale. Aba bashoferi bafite ubwenge bashoboza ibintu nka dimming idafite umugozi, guhinduranya ubushyuhe bwamabara, no guhuza hamwe na sisitemu yo kuyobora inyubako. Ihuriro ryamatara hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryikora ryagura isoko ryemewe birenze byoroshye kuri - kuzimya.

Gukwirakwiza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bikenera ibikorwa remezo byama batiri bihoraho. Buri sitasiyo yumuriro ya EV ikubiyemo ibyiciro byinshi byingufu zihoraho kugirango zuzuze neza kandi neza lithium - ipaki ya batiri. Mugihe amashanyarazi yihuta kwisi yose, iki gice kigenda kirushaho kuba ingirakamaro kubatanga ikoranabuhanga rihoraho.

Amasoko yo mukarere yerekana uburyo butandukanye bwo gukura. Amerika ya ruguru yungukira ku biciro byo hejuru byo kwakirwa mu rugo hamwe n’amabwiriza akomeye y’ingufu zitanga urumuri rwiza. Urwego rw’ibinyabiziga by’i Burayi hamwe na gahunda yo kuvugurura inyubako z’ubucuruzi bitanga icyifuzo gikomeye. Aziya {{3} market Amasoko ya pasifika, cyane cyane Ubushinwa nu Buhinde, afite iterambere ryihuse kuva mu mijyi, iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo, no kwagura inganda.

Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gusunika ubwihindurize ku isoko. Nitride ya Gallium (GaN) hamwe na karubide ya silicon (SiC) ituma ibintu bito, bikora neza bihoraho. Igenzura rya digitale nibitumanaho byongeweho imikorere mugihe ugabanya ibice. Udushya dushya gutandukanya ibicuruzwa kandi bigushoboza kugiciro cyambere kubushobozi buhanitse.

Constant Current

Guhitamo sisitemu ihoraho isanzwe bisaba gusuzuma ibipimo byinshi bifitanye isano bigena imikorere, kwizerwa, nigiciro cyose. Ba injeniyeri bagomba guhuza ibisabwa birushanwe mugihe bujuje ibisabwa.

Urutonde rwubu: Ibisobanuro byibanze nibisohoka ubushobozi bwubu. Hitamo igipimo kigezweho gihuye cyangwa kirenze gato umutwaro usabwa nominal. Kurenza urugero bitanga intera yo kwihanganira ibice kandi imitwaro iri imbere iriyongera ariko igura byinshi kandi irashobora kugabanya imikorere yumucyo. Kugabanya ingaruka zirenze urugero guhagarika cyangwa kugabanya igihe cyo kubaho.

Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi: Ibisohoka bya voltage bigomba kwakira imizigo yimbere ya voltage igabanutse hiyongereyeho insinga zose. Kubisobanuro bya LED, ubare igiteranyo cyimbere cyumubyigano wuruhererekane rwa LED hanyuma wongereho 10-20%. Umuvuduko wa voltage udahagije urinda umushoferi gutanga amashanyarazi yuzuye, mugihe imyanda irenze urugero igura kubushobozi budakenewe.

Gukora neza: Gukora neza bigabanya ibiciro byo gukora nibisabwa byo gucunga amashyuza. Guhindura abagenzuzi mubisanzwe bagera kuri 85-95% gukora neza na 40-70% kubagenzuzi b'umurongo. Ariko, guhinduranya abahindura ibiciro kandi bitanga urusaku rwamashanyarazi. Porogaramu isaba imikorere ituje irashobora kwerekana imikorere yo hasi uhereye kubishushanyo mbonera.

Ibisabwa: Niba porogaramu isaba kugenzura urumuri, genzura dimming ihuza. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gucana burimo 0 - 10V igereranya, PWM, DALI, hamwe no gucamo ibice (TRIAC). Ntabwo buri gihe abashoferi bahoraho bashigikira ubwoko bwose bwa dimming. Reba urwego ruciriritse (byibuze kugeza urumuri rwinshi) hamwe nibisobanuro byoroshye.

Ibidukikije: Reba ubushyuhe bukora, ubushyuhe, ibinyeganyega, nibisabwa. Kwishyiriraho hanze bikenera ibirindiro bitarinda ikirere (amanota ya IP65 cyangwa IP67). Ibidukikije byinganda birashobora gusaba gutwikirwa cyangwa gupakira ibintu byihariye kugirango bihangane n ivumbi, ubushuhe, cyangwa imiti.

Impamyabumenyi no kubahiriza: Menya neza ko abashoferi bahora bitwaza ibyemezo byumutekano bikwiye (UL, CE, TÜV) hamwe na electromagnetic ihuza ibyemezo byemewe kumasoko yagenewe. Gusaba ubuvuzi bisaba icyemezo cya IEC 60601. Kwishyiriraho bimwe biteganya ibipimo ngenderwaho byihariye cyangwa imbaraga zo gukosora.

Kwizerwa na garanti: Hagati yigihe cyo kunanirwa (MTBF) yerekana kwiringirwa gushingiye kubisesengura ryibice. Garanti ndende irerekana uwabikoze yizeye ibicuruzwa biramba. Kubikoresho bifite uburyo bworoshye bwo kubona cyangwa ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza byinshi, kwiringirwa birashobora kwerekana igiciro cyiza kuruta ubundi buryo bwibicuruzwa.

Umuyoboro uhoraho ukomeza amperage ihamye mugihe voltage ihindagurika hamwe no kwihanganira imitwaro. Imbaraga zihoraho zigenga ibicuruzwa bya voltage nubu (P=V × I) kuri wattage ihamye muguhindura ibipimo byombi. Uburyo buhoraho bwingufu ni ingirakamaro kuri porogaramu nka imirasire y'izuba hamwe ninganda zimwe na zimwe zinganda aho amashanyarazi yose afite akamaro kuruta voltage yihariye cyangwa indangagaciro.

Hasi - imbaraga za LED zikoreshwa nkamatara ya strip akenshi ikoresha ibikoresho bya voltage bihoraho hamwe na - bigabanya inzitizi zubatswe mu nteko ya LED. Ubu buryo bukora mugihe ibicuruzwa bya LED byateguwe byumwihariko kubikorwa bya voltage ikora. Nyamara, hejuru - imbaraga LEDs imwe isaba buri gihe abashoferi bihoraho kugirango bakumire ubushyuhe bwumuriro kandi barebe urumuri ruhoraho no kuramba.

Kubara LED yuzuye imbere ya voltage mugwiza umubare wurukurikirane rwa LED na voltage yabo imbere. Ongeramo 10-20% ya voltage margin kubitonyanga no kwihanganira. Kugwiza LED igezweho ukurikije umubare wumugozi ugereranije kugirango umenye ibisabwa byose. Hitamo umushoferi ufite voltage iringaniza voltage ntarengwa hamwe nu rutonde rujyanye cyangwa urenze ibyo wabaze.

Guhindura ingufu zose zitanga ubushyuhe kubihombo byamashanyarazi. Guhindura abashoferi mubisanzwe bigabanya 5-15% byimbaraga zisohoka nkubushyuhe. Abashoferi bafite umurongo bagabanya itandukaniro rya voltage hagati yinjiza nibisohoka byikubye nubu. Menya neza ko ubushyuhe buhagije hamwe n'umwuka uhumeka. Ubushyuhe bukabije bushobora kwerekana uburemere burenze, guhumeka nabi, cyangwa gukora birenze ubushyuhe bw’ibidukikije. Gushyushya bimwe nibisanzwe kandi ntabwo byanze bikunze byerekana ibibazo niba ubushyuhe bugumye mubisobanuro.