Niki E - Gupfuka?

Ku nshuro ya mbere itsinda ryacu ryubwubatsi ryafunguye akayunguruzo ka batiri yagarutse avuye mu kigo cyo gukwirakwiza ku nkombe zo mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya, uburyo bwo gutsindwa bwatubwiye ibyo dukeneye kumenya byose. Gutera umunyu byari byanyuze mu nenge ya pinhole hafi y’urudodo, kandi mu mezi umunani insimburangingo y’icyuma yerekanaga ingese ziva mu maraso binyuze mu byagombaga kuba uburyo bwo gutwikira umwaka -. Ibyo byabaye byahinduye uburyo dusobanura kurinda ubuso kuri buri cyuma gisize ikigo cyacu.

Amashanyarazi - e - gutwikira mugihe gito - ikora ku ihame rikomeza kumva ko ari ryiza cyane nyuma yo kubyumva. Shira igice kiyobora mubwogero burimo ibice bisize irangi, shyiramo ingufu za DC, hanyuma ibyo bice byimuka mumazi hanyuma ubishyire hejuru yubuso bushobora kugera. Fizika iroroshye: ibiciro bitandukanye bikurura. Ariko injeniyeri isabwa kugirango iki gikorwa gikore umusaruro harimo chimie, fluid fluid, hamwe no kugenzura ibikorwa byatwaye inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga imyaka mirongo.

Amashanyarazi Yinyuma Yumushinga

Iyo umuyoboro utaziguye unyuze mu bwogero, ibintu bine bitandukanye bibaho icyarimwe. Electrophoresis yimura resin hamwe nibice bya pigment byerekanwe kumurimo. Electrodeposition itera ibyo bice gutakaza amafaranga kandi bigwa nka firime ihuje. Electrolysis itanga hydrogen kuri cathode na ogisijeni kuri anode. Electroosmose ihatira molekile zamazi zivuye mu gishishwa gishya, zikongera firime mbere yuko iva mu kigega.

Igisubizo ni igipfundikizo kizengurutse impande zose, cyinjira mu kiruhuko, kandi cyubaka ubwacyo - kugabanya umubyimba ugenwa n’amashanyarazi ya firime yabitswe. Iyo igifuniko kimaze kugera mubyimbye runaka, irinda ubuso buhagije kuburyo imigezi igabanuka kandi kugabanuka bigahagarara. Iyi myitwarire - igabanya imyitwarire isobanura impamvu e - gutwika bitanga firime imwe idasanzwe kuri geometrike igoye - ikintu cyo gutera spray ntigishobora guhura nibice bifite imyanya yimbere hamwe nu mfuruka.

Kububiko bwa bateri yicyuma izakoresha ubuzima bwabo bwumurimo wumunyu wumuhanda nubushuhe bwamagare, iri tandukaniro rifite akamaro. Anodic e {{1} ating igifuniko kiracyafite porogaramu - ubushyuhe bwo gukiza bukora neza kubushyuhe - inteko zoroshye - ariko uruganda rwa batiri ya lithium ikorana nubukonje busanzwe - ibyuma bizunguruka hafi ya byose byerekana cathodic epoxy primers.

Ibibaho Mubyukuri muri Tank

Kwiyuhagira kwiyuhagira bisa nkuburiganya: 80-90 kwijana ryamazi ya deionion yatwaye 10-20 kwijana ryibisiga irangi mugihe cyo guhagarika umutima. Ariko gukomeza ubwogero mubikorwa bisaba kwitabwaho burimunsi kubintu icumi bifitanye isano. Ibikomeye bigenda bigenda nkibikoresho byabitswe kubice. pH ihinduka nkuko acide yibicuruzwa birundanya. Imyitwarire ihinduka hamwe no kwanduza ibicuruzwa bikurura. Ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka ku bwijimye no kugabanuka.

Intego

• 18-20 ku ijana
• pH hagati ya 5.9 na 6.3
• Imikorere: 1100-1500 µS / cm
• Ubushyuhe: dogere 28-32

Abashakashatsi bacu batunganya 18-20 ku ijana, pH hagati ya 5.9 na 6.3, ubwikorezi buva kuri microsiemens 1100 kugeza kuri 1500, n'ubushyuhe bwo kwiyuhagira kuri dogere selisiyusi 28-32. Uru rutonde ruva muburyo bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa bitunganijwe neza mumyaka mirongo yuburambe bwimodoka. Gutandukana nabo ntabwo byanze bikunze bitera kunanirwa ako kanya, ariko bihindura idirishya ryibikorwa kandi byongera impinduka mubikorwa bya firime, isura, nibikorwa bya ruswa.

Porogaramu ya voltage isaba igitereko cyagenzuwe. Gukubita igihangano hamwe na voltage yuzuye ihita itera umuyaga kwibanda kumpande zikarishye no ahantu hakeye, birashoboka ko yaturika firime yabikijwe kandi igakora pinhole yishe iyo trayeri muri Aziya yepfo yepfo. Igice cya cumi kugeza kuri cumi na bitanu kugeza kuri voltage ikora hagati ya volt 150 na 350 zituma ikwirakwizwa ryubu riringaniza hejuru. Igihe cyo kwibiza cyamasegonda 120-180 gitanga firime ihagije nta guta igihe cyagutse.

Umubano wa coulombic - hafi ya 1,2 kugeza kuri 1.4 coulombs kuri santimetero kare ubitsa micrometero imwe ya firime - iha amatsinda yumusaruro igikoresho cyo guhanura kugenzura inzira. Niba ibice bisohotse, reba ibyakosowe. Niba umubyimba utandukanijwe n'umutwaro, suzuma electrode ishyizwe hamwe no koga.

Kwitegura Kugena Byose

Dore ukuri kutoroheye kubyerekeye amashanyarazi: ikote e - ubwayo ni gake itera kunanirwa kumurima. Kwitegura mbere. Ikibazo cyose cyangirika twakurikiranye mumasoko yacu yatanzwe cyaturutse mugusukura bidahagije, fosifati idakwiye, cyangwa kwanduza ibyiciro.

Ibyuma byubatswe bisaba kwangirika kugirango bikureho amavuta ya kashe hamwe nubutaka bukumira imiti ihuza imiti. Isuku ya Ultrasonic kuri dogere selisiyusi 60 muminota itatu ikurikirwa no hejuru - gutera umuvuduko ukabije kuri megapascal 0.3 bikuraho umwanda mwinshi. Ariko "byinshi" ntabwo ari byiza bihagije kubice bikeneye kubaho amasaha 1000 yo gupima umunyu.

Ihindurangingo rya fosifate ikora imiterere ya microscopique kristalline ihuza firime kama nicyuma. Sisitemu ya fosifike yibasiye garama 2 - garama 4 kuri metero kare hamwe nubunini bwa kirisiti munsi ya micrometero 5 byahindutse ibipimo byimodoka. Kirisiti itanga imashini ihuza mugihe fosifate yongeyeho kwangirika kwayo. Simbuka iyi ntambwe cyangwa uyikoreshe nabi, ndetse na firime nziza ya e-coat izasenyuka mugihe ruswa yatangiriye kuri interineti.

Kwoza bwa nyuma mbere y’amashanyarazi bigomba kuzana ubushyuhe buri munsi ya microsiemens 10 kuri santimetero. Umuyoboro mwinshi utera ikwirakwizwa ryikigereranyo muri e - ikote kandi ikabyara ahantu h'amazi n'ibimenyetso bitemba abagenzuzi b'ubuziranenge banze kubireba.

Ibikoresho bifatika

Igishushanyo cya tanki gikurikira ibice bitwikiriwe. Ibigega by'urukiramende bikwiranye na sisitemu yo kwerekana aho imizigo iba ku myanya ihamye. Ubwato - bumeze nkibigega byinjira kandi bisohoka byakira imiyoboro ya monorail ikomeza. Ubuso bw'imbere busaba ibirahuri - fibre - byashyizwemo ingufu za pulasitike zashyizwe kuri volt 20.000 kugirango wirinde kumeneka kandi byemeze ko amashanyarazi yibanda kumurimo aho kuba inkuta za tank.

Sisitemu yo kuzenguruka ikora ubudasiba - kuzimya amasaha arenga abiri hanyuma ibinini bitangira gutura hepfo. Amapompo afite ubunini bwa bitatu kugeza bine byuzuye kumasaha bikomeza kugabana. Umuvuduko wo hasi uri hejuru ya metero 0.4 kumasegonda birinda uturere twapfuye aho uduce twinshi twinshi twinshi.

Sisitemu ya Ultrafiltration ikuramo permeate - cyane cyane amazi meza afite umusemburo muke wa molekile nkeya - avuye mu bwogero kugirango akoreshwe muri post -. Uyu muzingi ufunze usubirana hafi 80 ku ijana by'ibikoresho byakuwe ku bice, bikagabanya ibiciro fatizo ndetse n'imizigo yo gutunganya amazi mabi. Gukorana nabatanga isoko bakeneye gutwikira ahantu hanini ku nkombe, iyi mikorere yo gukira igira ingaruka ku bukungu bwumusaruro.

Sisitemu ya anode ikwiye kwitabwaho kuruta uko yakira. Semi - ibyinjira byemewe bikikije anode bituma ionic byproducts zinyura mugihe zigumana resin na pigment. Amazi ya anolyte acide nkuko umusaruro ukomeza; sisitemu yo kugenzura imiyoboro yamennye anolyte yibanze kandi iyisimbuza amazi ya deionion kugirango igumane uburinganire bwa ionic. Kwirengagiza uyu muzunguruko hamwe na chimie yo kwiyuhagira iragenda kugeza igihe ubwiza bwa coating butateganijwe.

Kwipimisha

Umunyu utera umunyu kuri ASTM B117 ukomeje kuba ikizamini cyihuta cyangirika nubwo cyemewe. Ibizamini byo kwipimisha - 5 ku ijana bya sodium chloride yumuti kuri dogere selisiyusi 35 hamwe nigihu gikomeza kugaragara - byihutisha ruswa ariko ntibigana igare ryumye-ryumye, kuzenguruka ubushyuhe, no kwanduza ibice biboneka muri serivisi nyirizina.

Kuri cathodic epoxy primers hejuru yicyuma cya fosifati kuri 20-35 micrometero yumye ya firime yumye, ibisobanuro mubisanzwe bisaba amasaha 1000 byibuze byibuze hamwe nabanditsi banditse bigarukira kuri milimetero 2 kuruhande rumwe.Abatanga amazu ya batiriakenshi usunike ibi kumasaha 1500 mugihe uhujwe na zinc - nikel isahani kuri substrate. Ikizamini cya ruswa cyangirika kirimo spray yumunyu, gushiramo ubuhehere, gukama - kuzimya, hamwe no gukonjesha bitanga isano nziza kumikorere yumurima ariko bifata igihe kirekire kandi bisaba amafaranga menshi.

Umusaraba - gukuramo ibizamini kuri ASTM D3359 ifata kunanirwa kwitegura mbere yuko biba ibibazo byumurima. Kurwanya ingaruka kuri santimetero 50 - kilo byemeza ko firime ishobora kurokoka imashini ikoreshwa mugihe cyo guteranya bateri. Ikaramu ikaramu ya 2H cyangwa irenga yerekana gukira kwuzuye - firime zidatetse zumva zigoye ariko zigakomeza gukora chimique kandi zigabanuka vuba mugihe cyangiza ibidukikije.

Gukurikirana ubwogero bwa buri munsi bukurikirana ibipimo byerekana ubuziranenge: ibirimo ibintu, pigment - kugeza kuri - igereranya, pH, ubwikorezi, kutabogama bihwanye. Iyo hari kimwe muri ibyo bigenda hanze, abashakashatsi batunganya mbere yo gukora umusaruro. Gutegereza ubugenzuzi bufite ireme kugirango ufate ibibazo bitesha ibikoresho nubushobozi mugihe ushobora guhura nabakiriya.

Aho Ikoranabuhanga ritanga Agaciro nyako

Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga zatumye e - itera imbere kuko nta bundi buhanga bwashoboraga guhuriza hamwe ibice by'agasanduku, flanges, hamwe na - ingingo zisudira zigize imiterere y'imodoka. Ubwo bushobozi bumwe busobanurwa neza na batiri kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.

Imashini ya batiri yicyuma ihura na spray kumuhanda, de - imiti yikonje, gusiganwa ku magare, hamwe ningaruka zamabuye mubuzima bwabo bwa serivisi. Sisitemu yo gukingira ruswa igomba kubaho imyaka 15 cyangwa kilometero 150.000 mugihe gikora cyane - tekereza umuhanda munini wumunyu muri Scandinaviya cyangwa mumihanda yinyanja mubihe bishyuha. E {{7} ating igifuniko gitanga urwego rumwe rwibanze rwirinda gutangirira kwangirika kumasuderi, laser - gukata impande, no gukora inguni zabura cyangwa zipfundikirwa bidahagije mugukoresha spray.

Itsinda ryacu ryashizeho ibyuma byubatswe kuva ku nzu ntoya ya 48V ya module kugeza kuri - ingano ya trayeri ikurura ya metero kare ebyiri z'ubuso. Imbaraga zo guta ingufu za electrocoating zigaragara mugihe ugerageje gutera irangi imbere imbere yisanduku ifunze. Waba ubiretse wambaye ubusa kandi wizeye ko itazigera ibona ubushuhe, cyangwa ucukura umwobo winjiza utanga izindi mbuga zo gutangiza ruswa. E - gutwikira byinjira muri buri cyuho ubwogero bushobora kuzura, butanga uburinzi bwuzuye nta kubangamira igishushanyo.

Hasi - ubushyuhe bwo gukiza ubushyuhe bukemura ubushyuhe bwimikorere ya module yegeranye byerekana iterambere rifite akamaro kurilithium yamashanyarazininde ukeneye gukoresha ibifuniko birinda nyuma yo kwishyiriraho selile. Sisitemu isanzwe ya e - ikoti ikiza kuri dogere selisiyusi 170 muminota 20 - ubushyuhe bwangiza selile na electronics. Hasi {6}

Imipaka ifatika hamwe nubucuruzi

Amahitamo yamabara aragereranijwe ugereranije nifu ya poro cyangwa irangi ryamazi. Sisitemu nyinshi e - ikoresha ikoti ikoresha umukara cyangwa imvi; guhindura amabara bisaba koza isuku ifata iminsi kandi igasesagura ibikoresho. Ibikoresho bimwe bikora tanks nyinshi kumabara atandukanye, ariko ibi bigwiza umurwa mukuru nubutaka busabwa.

Ibisabwa gukira bigabanya guhitamo substrate. Ibice bidashobora kwihanganira dogere selisiyusi 140 - 175 kugirango ukize cycle - plastike zimwe na zimwe, pre - ziteranijwe hamwe nubushyuhe - ibintu byoroshye, ibice bifite imashini - bifata neza - bisaba ubundi buryo bwo gutwikira. Anodic e-coat sisitemu itanga ubushyuhe buke bwo gukiza ariko itanga imikorere ya ruswa.

Kubahiriza ibidukikije byahindutse byoroshye ugereranije na sol - sisitemu yo gutera. E - ubwogero bwikoti burimo ibinyabuzima bike bihindagurika, byujuje ibyangombwa bya EPA na CARB bidafite ibikoresho byo kugenzura ibyuka bihumanya. Sisitemu yo gufunga - loop rinse igabanya gukoresha amazi no gusohora amazi. Ariko kwiyuhagira ubwabyo bisaba gucunga neza - yakoresheje anolyte ikenera kutabogama, membrane ultrafiltration isaba kujugunywa nyuma y amezi 18-36 yumurimo, kandi fosifate ivuye mukwiyitirira irimo ibyuma byateganijwe.

Iyo Outsourcing Yumvikana

Benshilithium fer fosifate itanga baterino guhimba ibihimbano bitanga amashanyarazi kumaduka yihariye yakazi aho gushora mubikoresho byafashwe mpiri. Ibi birumvikana mubukungu mugihe ingano yumusaruro idasobanura neza ubushobozi bwabigenewe, mugihe ibintu byinshi bitwikiriye bisaba guhinduka umurongo umwe - umurongo wintego udashobora gutanga, cyangwa mugihe ubuhanga bwa tekiniki bwo gucunga ubwogero no kugenzura ubuziranenge buguye hanze yubushobozi bwibanze.

Urudandazwa ni ingaruka zo gutanga isoko. Gupfundikanya ibihe byongeweho iminsi kuri gahunda yumusaruro. Ubwiza bushingiye kumyitozo yakazi aho kuba igenzura ryimbere. Ubwikorezi hagati yo guhimba no gutwikira byongera ikiguzi no gutunganya ibintu.

Uburyo bwacu bwabaye uburyo bwo gutondekanya amasoko menshi yo gutwikira, gutanga ibisobanuro birambuye byerekana ibipimo ngenderwaho n'ibisabwa mu kizamini byasobanuwe haruguru, no kugenzura ubuziranenge bwinjira kuri buri byoherejwe. Iyo tubonye ibibazo, turabikurikirana muburyo bwo gutwikira kugirango tumenye impamvu zitera aho kwanga ibice. Ubu bufatanye bwazamuye ubuziranenge kubaduha ibicuruzwa mugihe biduha guhinduka kugirango duhindure ingano uko ibisabwa bihinduka.

E - tekinoroji yo gutwikira yabonye umwanya wacyo nka sisitemu ya primer yiganje mu kurinda ruswa kubutaka bwibyuma. Gukomatanya gukwirakwiza kimwe, kugenzura imiterere ya firime, kubahiriza ibidukikije, hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukora bituma ihitamo neza kububiko bwa batiri hamwe nibikoresho byubaka bisaba igihe kirekire - igihe kirekire murwego rwibikorwa bya serivise. Gusobanukirwa ibipimo byimikorere, ibisabwa byujuje ubuziranenge, hamwe nimbogamizi zifatika bifasha amatsinda yubuhanga kwerekana sisitemu yo gutwika itanga imikorere yizewe aho kwizera ko umuhamagaro rusange uzatanga ibisubizo byemewe.