Niki Guhuza Electromagnetic?

Imyaka cumi n'itanu muri ubu bucuruzi na EMC iracyanduma mu ndogobe byibuze kabiri mu mwaka.

Mu mpeshyi ishize nahamagawe kumushinga wikigo gikora amamodoka. BMS yabo yakomeje guta amakosa ya selile overvoltage. Ntabwo birenze urugero - selile zari nziza. Igenzura rya IC ryasomaga imyanda. Bari bamaze amezi atatu babirukana. Yasimbuye chip ya AFE kabiri. Yasubije kumva ibikoresho. Nta kintu cyakoze.

Yantwaye iminsi ibiri kugirango mbone. Umugenzuzi wabo wa moteri yicaye kuri santimetero cumi n'umunani uhereye kuri bateri. Nta gukingira hagati yabo. Umugenzuzi yahinduraga kuri 8 kHz kandi impande zose zahujwe neza na selile yumurongo wumurongo. Insinga zakoraga nka antene. Milivolts 20 zurusaku rwatewe no gupima rukeneye milivolt neza. BMS yabonye imitwe ya voltage itabaho kandi ifunga byose.

Iyo ni EMC. Guhuza amashanyarazi. Ibintu byawe bigomba gukora mubindi bintu nta numwe ucyura ikindi.

EMC igabanyijemo ibice bibiri kandi ugomba guhangana byombi.

Ibyuka bihumanya bisobanura urusaku igikoresho cyawe gishyira hanze. Inzira zose zihinduranya zirasa. Buri nsinga hamwe nimpinduka zikora zikora magnetique. Imashini ya DC - DC ikora kuri 200 kHz itera ingufu za RF ahantu hose. Niba izo mbaraga zikomeye bihagije bihagarika radio muri kabine cyangwa ikangiza ubutumwa bwa bisi ya CAN cyangwa bigatuma umugenzuzi wa ABS yibwira ko ibiziga bifunze.

Kwiyumanganya ni kurundi ruhande. Ni kangahe igikoresho cyawe gishobora gufata mbere yuko gihagarika gukora neza. BMS igomba gusoma neza voltage ya selile mugihe yicaye iruhande rwa inverter irimo inyundo ya bisi ya DC hamwe na 400 amp pulses kuri 10 kHz. Inzira yumvikanisha igomba kwirengagiza ibyo byose kandi igapima ingufu za selile nyazo.

Ba injeniyeri benshi nahuye batekereza kubyuka kuko aribyo ibizamini byubuyobozi byibandaho. Bibagiwe kworoha kugeza ibicuruzwa binaniwe mumurima. Noneho abantu bose bafite ubwoba.

Isasu rya kera - bateri ya acide yicaye gusa. Wabashizemo kandi uhuza insinga ebyiri. Birashoboka ko wagize shunt yo gupima ubungubu. Nibyo.

Amapaki ya Litiyumu afite ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki ahantu hose. BMS ikurikirana buri selire. Ivuga ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikwirakwiza hirya no hino. Iravugana nikinyabiziga hejuru ya CAN cyangwa izindi bisi. Igenzura abahuza. Irabara uko amafaranga yishyuwe hamwe nubuzima bwubuzima ukoresheje algorithms zishingiye kubipimo nyabyo.

Ijambo ryukuri nijambo ryibanze. Igipimo cya voltage ya selile igenda kuri milivolts 50 ita kubara SOC yawe. Kora ibyo hejuru ya selile ijana kandi igereranya ryawe ntacyo rimaze. Kunyunyuza milivolts 100 kandi urashobora kwishyuza selile cyangwa ukabura imiterere ya volvoltage.

Insinga zumva ni ingingo idakomeye. Ziruka kuri buri kanda kanda kugeza kubuyobozi bwa BMS. Mu gipaki kinini bivuze insinga zikoresha metero ebyiri cyangwa zirenga binyuze mubidukikije byuzuye urusaku rwa electronique. Buri nsinga ifata interineti. Igihe kirekire insinga niko ikibazo gikomera.

Nakoze kuri paki ya bisi ya bisi aho sens harness yiruka neza kuruhande rwa bisi nkuru ya DC. Utubari twatwaraga amps 300 mugihe cyo kwihuta. Umwanya wa magnetiki uva muri moteri ya milivolt iriho - ibimenyetso byerekana urwego insinga. BMS yibwiraga ko selile zisunika hejuru. Yagiye muburyo bwo kurinda yica bisi kumuhanda.

Electromagnetic Compatibility

Uburyo bwo gutsindwa ni bubi.

Ingendo zirenze urugero zirenze urugero. Urusaku rwiyongera kuri voltage nyayo ya selile kandi BMS yibwira ko selile iri kuri 4.3V mugihe iri kuri 4.1V. Kurinda biratera hanyuma sisitemu irahagarara. Umukoresha abona kode yamakosa idafite ishingiro kuko selile zimeze neza.

Undervoltage yibinyoma ni mbi. BMS yibwira ko selile iri munsi yukuri. Ikomeza gusohora kurenza urugero ntarengwa. Ibyangiritse rwose bibaho.

Amakosa y'itumanaho yanduza ibintu ukundi. Ipaki ya batiri irashobora kuba ifite imbaho esheshatu cyangwa umunani zikurikirana daisy - ziboheshejwe bisi ya isoSPI. Iyo bisi ikora kuri megahertz nkeya. EMI yangiza paki hanyuma gitunguranye umugenzuzi mukuru afite amakuru mabi kuri selile cumi na gatandatu. Irahagarara? Ikoresha gusoma neza? Ese interpolate? Amahitamo yose afite ibibazo.

Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe nabyo byangirika. Ubushuhe bwa NTC butanga ibimenyetso bito. Milivolts nkeya yurusaku rusa nubushyuhe bwa dogere makumyabiri. BMS irashobora gufungura ubukonje budakenewe cyangwa kubura ubushyuhe bwumuriro butangiye.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho birahari ariko ni akajagari gasabwa.

FCC Igice cya 15 gikubiyemo ibyuka bihumanya muri Amerika ya Ruguru. Ishiraho imipaka yingufu za RF ibicuruzwa byawe bishobora gutera mukirere. Imipaka iterwa nuko ugurisha abaguzi cyangwa abakoresha inganda. Inganda zigenda zidindiza.

Ku binyabiziga kandi ukorana na CISPR 25 na CISPR 12. Izi ni amahame mpuzamahanga ibihugu byinshi bifata hamwe na tweaks nto. Bagaragaza uburyo bwikizamini nimbibi zogukwirakwizwa no gusohora imyuka iva mubinyabiziga nibigize ibinyabiziga.

Ikimenyetso cy’iburayi CE gisaba kubahiriza Amabwiriza ya EMC. Ubusanzwe bivuze guhura EN 55032 kubyuka na EN 55035 kubudahangarwa. Kubintu byimodoka uvuga EN 50498 aho.

Noneho buri modoka OEM ifite spes zayo hejuru. Ford ifite ikintu cyabo. GM ifite indi. VW ifite igitabo cyose. Mubisanzwe birakomeye kurenza ibipimo ngenderwaho kandi birimo ibizamini byubudahangarwa amabwiriza adakoraho.

Kunyura muri ibi bizamini byose bisaba amafaranga nigihe. Impamyabumenyi yuzuye ya EMC kuri BMS yimodoka ikoresha $ 30.000 kugeza $ 50.000 kandi ifata ibyumweru bitatu cyangwa bine byigihe cyicyumba. Niba binaniwe usubira inyuma ugakosora ibintu ukongera ukagerageza. Nabonye porogaramu zitwika amezi atandatu na 200.000 $ mugupima EMC mbere yuko babona pasiporo.

Electromagnetic Compatibility

Gukingira ni igikoresho kitagaragara. Shira agasanduku k'icyuma kuzengurutse ibintu byoroshye kandi intambamyi ntishobora kwinjira. Agasanduku kagomba gukomeza nubwo. Amazi yatembye. Imyobo ihuza abahuza. Ahantu ho guhumeka ni Windows kuri ingufu za RF.

Gukingira byukuri bisobanura gasketi itwara buri kantu kose. Bisobanura gushungura guhuza cyangwa kugaburira ubushobozi kuri buri cyerekezo cyinjira. Ntabwo bivuze ko ntahantu harenze kimwe cya cumi cyuburebure bwumurongo wawe mwinshi wo guhangayika. Iya nyuma iragenda abantu hejuru. Niba witaye kuri interineti 1 GHz ibibanza byawe bigomba kuba munsi ya milimetero 30. Amahirwe yo kubona umwuka ukonje unyuze muri ibyo.

Akayunguruzo gashinzwe gukora interineti. Ushyira inductors na capacator ahantu heza kugirango uhagarike urusaku rwinshi mugihe utambutsa ibimenyetso cyangwa imbaraga ushaka. Uburyo butandukanye bwo kuyungurura bukemura urusaku rugenda munsi yinsinga hanyuma rugasubira kurindi. Uburyo busanzwe bwa choke bukemura urusaku rugenda rwerekeza kumurongo umwe.

Akayunguruzo gashushanyije. Inzitizi yinkomoko nibibazo biremereye. Akayunguruzo kagerageza gukomeye ku ntebe ntacyo gashobora gukora muri sisitemu nyirizina kuko inzitizi zitandukanye. Nabonye injeniyeri yishimye anyereka ibishushanyo byabo hanyuma akibaza impamvu ibipimo byurusaku bidahindutse. Bashushanyijeho sisitemu ya 50 ohm hanyuma bayicomeka mubintu bisa na 5 oms kuri frequence bitayeho.

Ingamba zifatika niho voodoo nyayo iba. Ipaki ya batiri ifite voltage nini hamwe na voltage nkeya. Uruhande rwa HV rurimo selile nabahuza nyamukuru hamwe na precharge circuit. Uruhande rwa LV rufite interineti ya BMS na CAN kandi rimwe na rimwe DC - DC ihindura. Ubu buryo bubiri bwubutaka bugomba guhuza ahantu hamwe. Amahuriro menshi arema imirongo. Umuzingo ufata interineti.

Kubona ingingo imwe iboneye nubuhanzi. Biterwa nigihe ikigezweho kigenda n’aho ibipimo byumvikana bibera n’aho urusaku rutuye. Imiterere yose iratandukanye. Icyampa nkaguha formulaire ariko ntayo.

Imbere muri BMS imiterere ya PCB ikora cyangwa igabanya imikorere ya EMC.

Komeza ibintu byihuse bya digitale kure yikigereranyo cyo gupima. Gutunganya hamwe na CAN transceiver hamwe nubundi buryo bwo guhinduranya ibintu bitera urusaku. Ingirabuzimafatizo ya selile yinjiza nubushyuhe bwo gupima ubushyuhe biroroshye. Intera igaragara ifasha. Indege yamenetse hagati yibice ifasha byinshi.

Inzira itandukanye hamwe kandi ikomeze kuba mugufi. Imirongo yunvikana kuva kanda ya selile igomba kwinjira mubibaho hafi bishoboka kuri chip ya AFE. Inzira ndende zifata izindi interineti.

Reba inzira zawe zo kugaruka. Ibiriho bigomba gutemba. Ikimenyetso gisohoka kumurongo umwe hanyuma kigaruka kurundi. Niba inzira yo kugaruka itagaragara ikigezweho isanga inzira yacyo kandi iyo nzira irashobora kuba ikizunguruka kinini kimurika nka antene.

Suka umuringa. Indege nini zubutaka zigabanya impedance kandi zitanga inzira yo kugaruka inzira yinzira yo hasi. Kudoda vias guhuza indege hamwe no kugabanya resonans.

Imyaka mike ishize nagiye inama yo gutangira gukora paki ya bateri ya forklifts. BMS yabo yakoraga cyane ku ntebe. Muri forklift yarasaze. Gusoma amashanyarazi byasimbutse hirya no hino. Ibarura rya SOC ryazengurutse hose.

Forklift yari ifite moteri nini ya DC ifite moteri ya chopper. Igihe cyose chopper yahinduye ikigezweho mumigozi nyamukuru yahinduwe na amps amajana make muri microseconds. Umwanya wa magneti uva kuri dI / dt uhujwe muri byose.

Kugerageza kwabo kwari ukongeramo amasaro ya ferrite kumurongo wo kumva. Ntacyo yakoze. Kwivanga kwarimo guhuza magneti mumuzinga wakozwe ninsinga zumva. Guhagarika Ferrites yakoresheje urusaku ntabwo rukuruzi ya magnetique.

Twarangije gukoresha ibyumviro dukoresheje umuyoboro woroshye no kuwuyobora kure y'insinga nkuru. Noneho twongeyeho akajagari kuri buri kanda ya selile aho kuba insinga imwe. Kugoreka bigabanya agace ka magnetiki umurima ushobora guhuza. Hanyuma, twatinze icyitegererezo kuri chip ya AFE kuburyo cyinjije hejuru yizunguruka nyinshi. Urusaku rwagereranijwe.

Igiteranyo cyuzuye kigura amadorari atatu kumupaki mumashanyarazi yinyongera. Ntacyo byari gutwara iyo baza kubitekerezaho mugihe cyambere.

Electromagnetic Compatibility

Niba ugura paki ya batiri cyangwa ikibaho cya BMS baza ikibazo cya EMC mbere yuko ugura.

Ni ayahe mahame bagerageje? Baza raporo y'ibizamini nyirizina ntabwo ari icyemezo gusa. Raporo yerekana ikizamini gishyizwe hamwe nu ntera igarukira. Igicuruzwa cyarenze gato ni igishushanyo kimwe gihinduka kure yo gutsindwa.

Ni ibihe bidukikije bya electromagnetiki bashizeho? BMS igenewe igare rya golf ntishobora kubaho muri bisi itambuka ifite inverter eshatu zikurura.

Bagerageje ipaki yuzuye cyangwa ikibaho gusa? Amazu hamwe ninsinga hamwe nabahuza bahindura imyitwarire ya EMC. Kugerageza ikibaho cyambaye ubusa ntakintu nakimwe kivuga kubicuruzwa byarangiye.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gushungura no gukingira byubatswe? Niba igisubizo ari "twishingikirije kuri sisitemu ihuza kugirango dukemure" ufite ikibazo. Ubu ufite inshingano zo kubahiriza EMC kandi ntushobora kuba ufite ubumenyi cyangwa bije yo kubikora neza.

Wireless BMS iraza. Aho kugirango ukoreshe insinga zunvikana kuri buri selire ushyira module ntoya ya module kuri buri tsinda kandi ikohereza amakuru kumugenzuzi mukuru. Amashanyarazi make. Serivisi yoroshye.

Ariko ubu amakuru yawe yo gupima arimo kuguruka mu kirere mu kimenyetso cya radiyo. Icyo kimenyetso kigomba guhangana n urusaku rwa electromagnetic yose ituruka kumashanyarazi. Imiyoboro idafite umugozi isanzwe yuzuye. Nabonye prototypes aho BMS idafite umugozi yatakaje itumanaho mugihe cyihuta cyane kuko urusaku rwa inverter rwahuzaga uwakiriye.

Umuvuduko mwinshi utuma ibintu byose bigorana. Inganda zigenda kuri 800V no kurenga kugirango zishyurwe byihuse hamwe ninsinga nto. Umuvuduko mwinshi bisobanura imbaraga nyinshi zo guhinduranya hamwe na EMI nyinshi. Tekinike imwe iracyakora ariko ugomba kuyikora neza.

Kwishyira hamwe bikomeza kwiyongera. BMS hamwe na charger ya onboard hamwe na DC - DC ihindura byose byegeranye mumasanduku imwe. Uburemere buke nigiciro ariko amahirwe menshi yo kwivanga hagati yimikorere. Analog selile sensing igomba kubaho mugihe kimwe na 10 kW ihinduranya.

EMC ntabwo igenda. Biba bibi buri mwaka mugihe ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byihuta kandi byimbitse kandi turabasaba gukora mubidukikije bikaze. Ipaki ya batiri numutima wikinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi kandi ikagumaho neza kandi yizewe nubwo umuyaga wa electromagnetiki uzengurutse aricyo EMC ikora.