NikiIbipimo by'ubushyuhe bwa platine?
Reba, niba urimo usoma ibi, birashoboka ko usanzwe uzi ibibazo byubushyuhe muri bateri. Ariko dore ikintu abantu benshi batakubwira: kubona ubushyuhe BUKURIKIRA ninzira igoye kuruta uko byumvikana, kandi kubyumva nabi bizagutwara. Byinshi.
Ibi twabimenye inzira igoye kugaruka muri 2019. Umwe mubakiriya bacu ba flklift flet mumajyaruguru yUbushinwa yari afite ibice 40+ bikoresha paki yacu. Igihe cy'itumba, ubushyuhe bwamanutse kuri dogere - 25, hanyuma duhita tubona guhamagara saa mbiri za mugitondo. Amakamyo ntazishyuza. BMS ikomeza guterera hejuru - imiburo. Muri minus makumyabiri na gatanu. Yego.
Yahinduye thermistors ya NTC twakoreshaga yatembye hafi dogere 8 mugihe cyubukonje. BMS yibwiraga ko selile zishyushye mugihe zikonje. Amashanyarazi arazimye. Amato yose yapfuye mububiko. Ibihano, amafaranga yo gusimburwa, indege zo kujya gusaba imbabazi imbonankubone ... reka tuvuge ko umuntu muruganda rwacu agifite ayo masezerano yashizwe kurukuta rwabo nkwibutsa. Yadutwaye amafaranga arenga miliyoni 2.
Nibwo umukoresha wacu yakubise ukuboko kumeza ati "guhera ubu, platine RTD kuri buri kintu, kandi nihagira uwongera gusaba NTC kuzigama amafaranga, biva muri bonus."
Yego rero. Niyo mpamvu twanditse ibi. Ntabwo kuberako platine RTDs ari nziza. Kuberako twatwitse (birasekeje, kubisoma ubushyuhe bubi) kandi ntituzongera kubikora.
Ibyingenzi (Ariko Mubyukuri Byingirakamaro)
Platinum RTD isobanura Platinum Resistance Temperature Detector. Ihame ryarapfuye byoroshye: insinga ya platine igenda irwanya amashanyarazi uko ashyushye. Gupima ibiturwanya, uzi ubushyuhe. Nibyo.
Inganda zisanzwe zitwa Pt100, bivuze gusa 100 ohm kuri dogere 0. Hariho na Pt1000 (1000 oms kuri dogere 0) iguha ikimenyetso kinini cyo gukorana, cyoroshye mugihe ufite insinga ndende cyangwa ibidukikije bisakuza. Dukoresha Pt1000 kubintu byose bifite insinga zirenze metero 2 ubungubu kuko twarambiwe kwirukana amakosa ya dogere 0,5 byagaragaye ko ari insinga zirwanya insinga twibagiwe kwishyura.
Kuki platine yihariye? Twagerageje mubyukuri nikel n'umuringa hakiri kare. Guhendutse, byanze bikunze. Ariko nikel irasara hejuru ya dogere 300 kandi umuringa oxyde iyo urebye nabi. Platinum gusa ... ikora . -200 dogere kugeza +850 dogere, ntabwo yangirika, ntigenda. Kurambirana kandi byizewe, nibyo rwose ushaka mugihe ipaki yawe ya batiri yicaye imbere ya toni 3 ya forklift yimuka pallets ikikije ububiko.
Umwe mu ba injeniyeri bacu akunda kuvuga "platine ihenze kuko ni umunebwe" - ntacyo ikora, ntihindura ibitekerezo, gusa yicaye hariya neza. Tuzafata ubunebwe.
Uburyo butatu bwo Kububaka (Kandi Ninde Ukora Mubyukuri)
Hano hari insinga - igikomere, ibintu byegeranye, na firime yoroheje. Dore icyo dutekereza kuri buri:
Umugozi - igikomere
Inzira ishaje. Umugozi wa platine uzengurutse intoki za ceramic. Byukuri, birahamye. Kandi bihenze cyane kandi byoroshye. Twifashishije kalibrasi yerekana kandi nibyo bijyanye. Ufite umukiriya umwe watsimbaraye ku nsinga - igikomere kumato ye yose kuko "ibyiza gusa." Nyuma y'amezi atandatu, kimwe cya kabiri cyabo cyari cyarayobye kubera ko kunyeganyega kuva mu bubiko bwe bubi byoroheje umuyaga. Noneho akoresha ibintu byegeranye nkabandi bose.
Filime nziza
Igiciro gito, gito, igisubizo cyihuse. Nibyiza kubintu byabaguzi cyangwa hasi - kugenzura imigabane. Turabikoresha kumapaki yacu ya 12V / 24V aho mugihe hari ibitagenda neza, ntamuntu ubabaza kandi ntakintu gifata umuriro. Twabashyira mumapaki ya 600V? Oya rwose. Ceramic substrate na platine ya firime yaguka kubiciro bitandukanye, kandi nyuma yibihumbi bike byumuzunguruko utangira kubona drift. Ikirango kimwe cyatumijwe mu mahanga twagerageje - imwe ihenze nayo - yatwaye dogere 1.5 mu gihe cyumwaka. Utanga isoko yashinje ibyo twashizeho. Twashinje QC yabo. Ibyo ari byo byose, twahagaritse kubikoresha kubintu byose bikomeye.
Ikintu gikonje
Ibi nibyo dushushanya hejuru ya - voltage yamapaki. Amashanyarazi ya platine yicaye cyane mumiyoboro ya ceramic yuzuye ifu, kugirango irashobora kwaguka no kwandura nta guhangayikisha insinga. Bakora kunyeganyega, bakora umukino wo gusiganwa ku magare, ntibitotomba. Birahenze kuruta firime yoroheje ariko dusinzira neza nijoro. Ibikoresho bya batiri ya lithium itanga ibikoresho byinganda bigomba kureba neza ibi.
2-Umugozi, 3-Umugozi, 4-Umugozi: Impaka Zigabanije Ikipe Yacu
Iyi yateje impaka zifatika mubiro byacu. Ibyuma byacu byayobora byashakaga 4-wire kuri buri kintu. Injeniyeri wigiciro cyacu yari afite inkorora yo kubara pin yongeyeho na kabili. Ntabwo bavuganye nkicyumweru.
Dore amasezerano:
2-wirenibyiza niba umugozi wawe ari mugufi kandi utitaye kuri kimwe cya kabiri cya dogere hano cyangwa hano. Kurwanya insinga ubwabyo byiyongera kubisoma byawe. Kumugozi wa metero 10 wiruka, urashobora guhagarara kuri dogere 1-2. Ntabwo ari byiza mugihe BMS yawe ifata ibyemezo ukurikije iyo mibare.
3-wireYishyura Kurwanya Kurwanya kandi nibyo inganda nyinshi zikoresha. Nibyiza bihagije kuri 90% ya porogaramu. Nibisanzwe ubu.
4-wireikuraho kurwanywa burundu. Turayikoresha muri selire - gukurikirana urwego mugihe R&D no kwemeza, no kubakiriya bose bishyura neza neza. Na none ni itegeko kuri bateri iyo ari yo yose ya lithium OEM ibisubizo aho umukiriya akora ibyemezo byabo byumutekano - abagenzuzi bakunda kubona 4-wire.
Impaka zarangiye ubwo umusore wibyuma byavugaga ati "Nshobora gukoresha insinga ebyiri ziyongereye cyangwa nshobora gusobanurira umukiriya impamvu uburinzi bwabo bwo guhumeka bwatumije dogere 3." Dukoresha 4 - insinga kumapaki yose ya voltage ubu. Igiciro cyinyongera ni nka 0.3% yigiciro cyapaki. Ntabwo bikwiye kubura ibitotsi.
Aho Kubakomera (Gushyira mubintu mubyukuri)
Twabonye ibintu byo mwishyamba kubandi bakora inganda za batiri. Sensors zip - ihujwe nu mwanya utunguranye. Sensors yakandagiye kuri urwo rubanza akoresheje ifuro. Igenzura rimwe ritazibagirana aho twasanze sensor yaguye burundu kandi yari yimanitse imbere yikigo, asoma ubushyuhe bwikirere mugihe selile zatetse.
Amategeko yacu ubu:
Kuri selile
Guhuza bitaziguye nurubanza, paste yumuriro cyangwa 3M VHB kaseti (dukunda 9888T), hanyuma ugashiramo hamwe na epoxy. Yego birababaje gukora. Iyo ni yo ngingo. Niba umuntu agomba gucisha muri epoxy kugirango yimure sensor, azatekereza kabiri niba koko abikeneye.
Hagati ya selile
Ifata ahantu hashyushye muri selile zigenda zangirika vuba kurusha abaturanyi babo. Nuburyo twasanze icyiciro cya selile cyatanzwe nuwabitanze yari afite inenge imbere - selile imwe yakoraga ubushyuhe bwa dogere 8 kurusha abaturanyi bayo. Yafashwe mbere yuko hagira ikintu kibi kibaho, ahindura module, ayisubiza ahakorerwa inganda, yanga icyiciro cyose. Rukuruzi yishyuye inshuro zigera ku 10,000 kuri uwo munsi.
Busbars hamwe
Bolt irekuye. Byinshi. Twari dufite paki aho itumanaho nyamukuru ryitumanaho ritigeze ryaka neza, kandi munsi yumuyaga mwinshi ryakubitaga dogere 85 mugihe selile zegeranye zari kuri dogere 35. Umukiriya yinubiye "imbaraga" zidasanzwe. Ntabwo byari bisanzwe na gato - BMS yakoraga neza icyo igomba gukora. Gukemura ihuriro, ikibazo cyagiye. Noneho buri paki ifite sensor kumuhanda nyamukuru ugezweho, non - kuganira.
Coolant muri / hanze
Niba ufite ubukonje bukora, ugomba kumenya niba mubyukuri bikora. Reba sisitemu nyinshi aho pompe yapfiriye ntanumwe wabonye kugeza selile zitangiye kubyimba.
Ibintu Ntibashyira muri Datasheets
Dore ibintu bimwe na bimwe twize mugushakisha:
Kwishyira ukizana - gushyushya nukuri
Ibiriho usunika muri RTD kugirango ubipime nabyo birashyuha. Ibisanzwe ni 1mA kuri Pt100. Twari dufite injeniyeri muto wigeze kuyikubita kuri 5mA kuko "ikimenyetso kinini, neza neza, sibyo?" Ntibikwiye. Rukuruzi rwasomaga dogere 2 hejuru. Muri paki ya 48V ya golf isobanura gusa gato abafana bahindutse - kuri. Mumapaki 400V yinganda byaba bivuze guhagarika ibibazo. Koresha 1mA. Cyangwa munsi ya Pt1000.
Gukoresha insinga
Komeza insinga za RTD kure yinsinga zamashanyarazi, moteri ya moteri, inverters - ikintu cyose gihindura imigezi minini. Twifashishije impinduramatwara ikingiwe ubu nyuma yo kumara iminsi itatu dukemura "ikimenyetso cy'ubushyuhe gisakuza" cyaje kuba EMI kuva VFD yashyizwe kuri 20cm. Abagabuzi ba Litiyumu benshi bagurisha witondere: niba ugurisha paki hanyuma integer igashyira BMS kuruhande rwumuyobozi wa moteri, gusoma ubushyuhe bizaba imyanda.
Urwego rwo kwihanganira ntabwo arukuri
Urwego B Pt100 rushobora kuzimwa na dogere 0.8 kuri dogere 100 kuri buri cyiciro. Iri ni ikosa RYEMEWE. Niba BMS yawe yibwira ko yapfuye neza kandi igashyiraho imipaka yubushyuhe kuri dogere 60, urashobora rwose kuba ugabanya dogere 59.2 cyangwa dogere 60.8. Tegura imipaka yawe wihanganirana. Twubaka muri degre 2 kurwego rwo kurinda.
Rukuruzi ruhendutse. Rukuruzi rwiza ntabwo
Twakurikiranye sensor zitangwa nabatanga ibintu bitatu bitandukanye mumyaka 2 ikora. Ingengo yimari (nka $ 0.80 buri umwe) yatwaye impuzandengo ya dogere 0,6. Hagati - intera y'Abayapani ($ 2.50) yatwaye dogere 0.1. Amashanyarazi yo mu Busuwisi ($ 8) yatwaye ahanini nta kindi uretse c'mon, $ 8 kuri sensor? Dukoresha abayapani. Agaciro keza kubintu byinganda.
Impamvu Twasuzumaga kuri Pt100 Kurenga Byose
Twari dufite kuvanga: NTC thermistors kumapaki make -, pt100 kubiciro bya premium, sensor zimwe zidasanzwe za KTY kubicuruzwa byumurage. Byari bibi cyane. Imirongo itandukanye ya kalibrasi, amashami ya BMS atandukanye, ibikoresho bitandukanye byabitswe.
Ubu ni Pt100 ahantu hose. Rukuruzi rumwe, rutanga kimwe, inzira imwe yo gukemura. Iyo hari ibitagenda neza, ntitugomba kubaza "tegereza, ni ubuhe bwoko bwa sensor iri muriyi paki?" Sisitemu ya Batteri ihuza inzira yoroshye mugihe utarimo guhuza ubwoko butanu butandukanye.
Itandukaniro ryibiciro hagati ya NTC na Pt100 ni nka $ 1.50 kuri sensor. Kuri $ 3000 forklift yamashanyarazi, urwo ni urusaku. Ku kwizerwa no kugoboka ibiciro, nibintu byose.
Kubantu Bose Bavuga Sensors Kuri ubu
Niba uri injeniyeri yubushakashatsi usoma ibi, dore verisiyo ngufi:
Koresha Pt100 cyangwa Pt1000. Ikintu gikonje kubintu byose birenga 100V cyangwa ikintu cyose kinyeganyega. Filime ntoya ni nziza mugupima intebe no hasi - kugenzura imigabane . 3- byibuze, 4-wire niba ukora ibyemezo cyangwa akazi gasobanutse.
Gura kubashinzwe gukora sensor hamwe nubushakashatsi nyabwo. Twabonye Pt100s mpimbano mubyukuri byari NTC zifite ibimenyetso byimpimbano. Niba igiciro gisa nkicyiza cyane kuba impamo, ni.
Shyira ibyuma byawe. Koresha ibikoresho byubushyuhe. Shyira - gutabara insinga zawe. Andika aho sensor yawe ikorera kugirango umutekinisiye ukennye imyaka 5 uhereye ubu azi aho tureba.
Kandi kubantu bose bashakira paki: baza uwaguhaye ibikoresho bya sensor bakoresha n'impamvu. Niba badashobora kuguha igisubizo kiboneye, ibyo birakubwira. Niba bavuga ngo "dukoresha platine RTDs kuko twize inzira igoye ibiba mugihe utabikora," uwo ni umutanga umaze igihe kinini bihagije kugirango amenye icyangombwa.
Tumaze imyaka irenga icumi dukora paki ya batiri ya lithium - forklifts, amakarito ya golf, AGVs, scrubbers hasi, urabyita. Ubushyuhe burashobora kuba 0.5% yikiguzi cya BOM na 50% byumurima wananiwe kumurima bitera twasuzumye. Ntabwo bikwiye guhendwa.
Niba ushaka ikipe ibira ibyuya birambuye kubintu nkibi, uzi aho wadusanga. Twama nantaryo tunezezwa no kuganira nubuyobozi bwumuriro numuntu wese ufite uburemere bwo kubyumva neza.
Niba kandi hari umuntu wo mu itsinda ryawe utanze igitekerezo cyo kuzigama $ 1.50 kuri buri paki uhinduye kuri NTC, wumve neza kohereza iyi ngingo. Cyangwa inyemezabuguzi yavuye muri ibyo byabaye muri 2019. Ikintu cyose cyakora.
