Utugari twa LiFePO4 ni iki?

Utugingo ngengabuzima twa LiFePO4 ni lithium - selile ya batiri ikoresha lithium fer fosifate nkibikoresho bya cathode na karubone ya grafite nka anode. Utugingo ngengabuzima dukorera kuri voltage nominal ya 3.2V kuri selile kandi itandukanijwe nindi miti ya lithium - ion ya chimistries hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwumuriro, ubuzima bwikigihe, hamwe numwirondoro wumutekano.

Imiterere yibanze ya selile LiFePO4 igizwe nibice bitatu byibanze bikorera hamwe. Cathode ikoresha lithium fer fosifate (LiFePO4), ibikoresho bitanga ihame ridasanzwe ryimiterere mugihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora. Anode igizwe na karubone ishushanya hamwe ninyuma, byorohereza lithium - ion kugenda. Hagati yaya electrode yicaye umunyu wa lithium umunyu wa electrolyte ituma ihererekanyabubasha rya ion, ritandukanijwe na membrane ibuza guhuza bitaziguye mugihe yemerera ion gutemba.

Igituma iyi chimie igaragara cyane ni imbaraga za fosifate - isano ya ogisijeni. Iyi P - O ihuza muri (PO4) 3− ion irerekana ko ikomeye cyane kuruta iminyururu iboneka mubyuma byinzibacyuho gakondo. Mugihe cyo guhangayikishwa nubushyuhe cyangwa guhohoterwa kumubiri, ubwo bufatanye bukomeye burinda ogisijeni irekura ubusanzwe itera ubushyuhe bwumuriro mubindi bya chimisties ya lithium. Ibikoresho ubwabyo bibaho bisanzwe nka minisiteri ya triphylite, nubwo umusaruro wubucuruzi ushingiye kubikorwa byubukorikori.

Inzira yiterambere ya tekinoroji ya LiFePO4 yahuye nimbogamizi ikomeye muburyo bwambere: amashanyarazi mabi. Abashakashatsi bo muri MIT na Hydro - Québec batsinze iyi mbogamizi binyuze mu bintu bibiri by'ingenzi. Iya mbere yarimo kugabanya ingano yubunini kugera kuri nanoscale, kongera kuburyo bugaragara ubuso buboneka kuri lithium - ion. Uburyo bwa kabiri bwatwikiriye ibyo bikoresho hamwe nibikoresho bya karubone, bikora inzira ya electron mu bikoresho byose. Izi ntambwe zagezweho, zagezweho hagati ya 2002 na 2015, zahinduye LiFePO4 kuva amatsiko ya laboratoire ihinduka ikoranabuhanga rifite ubucuruzi.

LiFePO4 selile itanga ibipimo bya tekiniki byihariye bisobanura ibahasha ikora. Umuvuduko w'izina wa 3.2V kuri selile utuma selile enye zahujwe zikurikirana kugirango zitange 12.8V, zihuye neza na 12V iyobora - acide. Kwishyuza voltage mubisanzwe bigera kuri 3.65V, mugihe guhagarika gusohora bicaye kuri 2.5V kugirango birinde kwangirika kwibintu bidasubirwaho. Gukorera munsi yiyi mbago bitera gutandukanya LiFePO4 muri FePO4, byangiza burundu imiterere yakagari.

Ubucucike bw'ingufu bugaragaza ikintu cy'ingenzi aho LiFePO4 ikora ubucuruzi - inyungu ku zindi nyungu. Ingirabuzimafatizo zigezweho zigera kuri 90 - 160 Wh / kg, hamwe na CATL yo muri 2024 itangaza 205 Wh / kg selile zigaragaza iterambere ryanyuma. Ibi ugereranije na 250-300 Wh / kg kuri bateri ya NMC na 260 Wh / kg kuri selile NCA ikoreshwa mubikorwa byinshi. Ingufu zingana zingana na 220 Wh / L. Mugihe iyi mibare ikurikira iyindi miti ya lithium, icyuho cyagabanutse cyane kuva ku gipimo cya 14% cyagaragaye muri 2008.

Ubuzima bwikiziga buhagaze nkibisobanuro bitangaje cyane. Mugihe gikwiye, selile nziza ya LiFePO4 ishyigikira 3000 kugeza 10,000 byuzuye byuzuye - gusohora mbere yuko ubushobozi bugabanuka kugera kuri 80% byumwimerere. Bamwe mubakora ubu basaba 15,000 cycle kubutaha - ibisekuru byo hejuru -. Ibi birenze cyane 500 - 1.000 byizunguruka bisanzwe bya bateri ya NMC na 300 - 500 bya bateri gakondo ya aside-aside. Porogaramu nyayo-yemeza imibare ya laboratoire, hamwe na selile ikomeza neza itanga 10+ imyaka yumurimo.

Kwihanganira ubushyuhe byagura imikorere ihinduka. LiFePO4 selile ikora murwego rwo gusohora - 20 dogere kugeza kuri dogere 60 (-4 dogere F kugeza kuri dogere 140 F), hamwe no kwishyurwa bisabwa hagati ya dogere 0 na dogere 45 (dogere 32 F kugeza kuri 113 F). Iterambere ryubushyuhe buke buva mubakora nka Grepow bigumana ubushobozi bwa 85% kuri dogere -20 na 55% kuri dogere -40, bigafasha kohereza ahantu hakonje cyane harimo nubushakashatsi bwa gisirikari na arctique.

Ubushyuhe bwumuriro butandukanya LiFePO4 nizindi lithium - chemisties ya ion muburyo bupimwa. Ibikoresho bikomeza ubunyangamugayo bwubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere 350 na dogere 500, kurenga aho kubora kwa LiCoO2 na cathodes ya manganese spinel. Iyo ikorewe ibizamini byinjira mumisumari, kwishyuza birenze, cyangwa imiyoboro migufi, selile LiFePO4 irwanya gucana aho izindi chimisties zishobora guhura nubushyuhe.

Uyu mwirondoro wumutekano ukomoka kuri chimie iranga. Mugihe cyo kwishyuza, nta lithium yicyuma ibaho kuri anode no mubihe bibi. Leta yuzuye yuzuye irimo lithium isigaye mu miterere ya cathode - ntanumwe uguma mu kagari ka LFP gashizwemo neza, ugereranije na 50% muri selire LiCoO2. Uku kubura kwa lithium ikora ikuraho isoko yambere yo gutwika. Byongeye kandi, imiyoboro ikomeye P - O irinda imyuka ya ogisijeni mugihe cyumuriro, ikuraho okiside ikenewe kugirango yaka.

Ibikoresho byubaka muburyo bwo kwimuka kwa lithium byongera urundi rwego rwumutekano. Mugihe lithium ion yimuka no gusohoka mugihe cyamagare, LiFePO4 ihinduka cyane mububumbe. Imiterere ya kirisiti ya lithiated na delithated ikomeza kuba isa cyane, ikumira imihangayiko ishobora kwangiza imiterere ya selile mubindi bya chimisties. Ingirabuzimafatizo za LiCoO2 zifite kwaguka kutari - mugihe cyo gutandukana, bigatera intege nke za mashini zegeranya ukwezi.

LiFePO4 selile ziza muburyo butatu bwumubiri, buri kintu cyashyizwe mubikorwa bitandukanye. Utugingo ngengabuzima - twakozwe mu bunini nka 18650, 21700, 26650, na 32650 - byerekana imiterere ya kera kandi ikuze. Imiterere ya silindrike ikwirakwiza umuvuduko wimbere hejuru yubuso, igateza imbere ubushyuhe nimbaraga za mashini. Gukora ibicuruzwa byageze ku rwego rwo hejuru rwo guhuzagurika, bigatuma utugingo ngengabuzima tugura - gukora neza kubisabwa bisaba ubwinshi bwibice bito. Guhitamo kwa Tesla kwingirangingo 21700 ya silindrike yimodoka ya Model 3 yemeza ubu buryo bwo gukoresha imodoka nini cyane.

Utugingo ngengabuzima twa prismatique dupakira icyuma cya electrode mumazu akomeye y'urukiramende, mubisanzwe aluminium cyangwa ibyuma. Iyi fomu yerekana uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mumapaki ya bateri, nkurukiramende rufite urukiramende rudafite icyuho. Prismatic selile ikunze kuva kuri 30Ah kugeza 300Ah ubushobozi kuri buri gice, kugabanya umubare wutugari hamwe na BMS igoye mubikorwa binini. Urubanza rukomeye rutanga uburinzi buhebuje no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe. Inganda zikomeye zirimo CATL, EVE, na GOTION zitanga selile primaque LiFePO4 kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi hamwe nububiko bwa gride, aho imiterere yiganjemo ibikorwa - byapimwe.

Ingirabuzimafatizo zigizwe na electrode muri aluminium yoroheje - laminate ya plastike. Igishushanyo gikuraho amazu akomeye yicyuma, agabanya uburemere hafi 30% ugereranije na selile prismatic selile zingana. Imiterere ihindagurika yemerera imiterere yihariye yashyizwe kumwanya udasanzwe, cyane cyane mubyuma bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi nibikoresho byoroshye. Nyamara, byoroshye hanze bitanga uburinzi buke kandi bituma selile zoroha kubyimba mugihe cyo gusaza. Isakoshi yimifuka isaba inkunga yuburyo bwo hanze mubiterane bya bateri.

Isoko rya batiri ya LiFePO4 ryagize iterambere rikomeye, aho isoko ry’isi rifite agaciro ka miliyari 17.1 z'amadolari mu 2024 kandi biteganijwe ko rizagera kuri miliyari 72.8-84.2 muri 2034-2035, bivuze ko izamuka ry’umwaka wa 15.7-17.3%. Uku kwaguka kwerekana kwiyongera kwimodoka mumashanyarazi, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu, hamwe nibikorwa bitandukanye byinganda.

Inganda zAbashinwa kuri ubu zifata hafi - kugenzura ubushobozi bwa LFP. Kugeza 2021, Ubushinwa - bushingiye ku bicuruzwa byinjije hafi 90% by'ifu ya LFP ku isi. Ibigo nka Shenzhen Dynanonic byapimye ubushobozi bwa LFP buri mwaka kuva kuri toni 500 kugeza kuri toni 265.000 mugihe cyimyaka icumi. CATL, BYD, GOTION, hamwe n’abandi bakora inganda za batiri mu Bushinwa bashyizeho imyanya yo kuyobora isoko, aho Tesla na BYD bonyine bangana na 68% bya bateri za LFP zoherejwe muri EVS guhera muri Nzeri 2022.

Ibiciro by'akagari byagabanutse cyane, biteza imbere guhangana mu bukungu. Ibiciro by'akagari ka LFP byavuzwe cyane byagabanutse kuva ku gipimo cya $ 137 / kWt mu mwaka wa 2020 kigera ku $ 100 / kWt mu mwaka wa 2023. Mu ntangiriro za 2024, ingirabuzimafatizo za VDA - zageze munsi ya $ 70 / kWt mu Bushinwa, aho bamwe mu bakora amamodoka bavuga ko igiciro cy’ubuguzi kiri munsi ya $ 56 / kWt. Hagati - 2024 yateranije paki za batiri zagurishijwe kubakoresha muri Amerika hafi $ 115 / kWt. Inganda ziteganijwe zerekana ko ubushobozi bushobora kugabanuka kugera kuri $ 44 / kWt mu gihe umunzani wo gukora no kugabanya ipatanti-byatangiye kurangira mu 2022-byafunguwe ku bicuruzwa byinshi.

Imiterere yikiguzi ishyigikira LFP mugiciro cyose cyo kubara nyirubwite. Ishami rishinzwe isesengura ry’ingufu rya 2020 ryerekanye ko kuri - kWh igiciro cya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za LFP - yakoresheje hafi 6% ugereranije na sisitemu ya NMC, mu gihe iteganya ko ubuzima bwa 67% bumara igihe kirekire bitewe n’igihe kirekire. Uku guhuza ibiciro byo hasi hamwe nubuzima bwa serivisi bwongerewe inama kugura ibyemezo bya chimie ya LFP kubikorwa bihagaze.

Gukoresha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bitwara igice kinini cyibisabwa na LiFePO4. Tesla yahinduye ibinyabiziga byose - Urwego Model 3 na Model Y yakozwe nyuma yUkwakira 2021 yerekeza kuri bateri ya LFP, kubera inyungu z’ibiciro hamwe n’ibitekerezo byatanzwe. BYD yubaka umurongo wose wa EV kuri chimie ya LFP. Ubucucike buke ugereranije na bateri ya NMC busaba paki nini nini zingana zingana, ariko igihano cyibiro cyerekana ko cyemewe mumodoka aho umutekano, ikiguzi, no kuramba bifata umwanya munini kuruta inyungu zikorwa. Isesengura ry’isoko ryerekana ko LFP yarenze ku mugaragaro bateri ya ternary muri 2021 hamwe na 52% yubushobozi bwa EV yashyizweho, hamwe nibiteganijwe ko umugabane wa LFP uzarenga 60% muri 2025.

Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zerekana urwego rwa kabiri rukomeye rwo gusaba. Ibikoresho byo guturamo biva mu masosiyete nka Enphase, SonnenBatterie, na Tesla (Powerwall 3, yasohowe 2023) bifashisha chimie ya LFP kugirango ibashe gukuramo urugo no guhuza izuba. Ingirabuzimafatizo yihanganira kwishyurwa birenze ubushobozi butuma imirasire yizuba idafite igenzura ryoroshye, byoroshya sisitemu yububiko. Igikoresho - ibipimo byunguka byungukirwa nubuzima burebure bwa LFP - ingirakamaro kubikorwa bya grid stabilisation ishobora kuzunguruka inshuro nyinshi kumunsi. Tesla yahinduye akamaro kayo - igipimo cya bateri ya Megapack muri chimie ya LFP muri 2021.

Ibinyabiziga byo mu nyanja no kwidagadura byifashisha inyungu za LFP no kubungabunga - imikorere yubuntu. A.36 bateri ya litiro ioniboneza, mubisanzwe byubatswe kuva selile cumi na zibiri za LiFePO4 murukurikirane (12 × 3.2V=38.4 V nominal), bimaze kuba ibisanzwe kuri moteri yo gutwara amashanyarazi hamwe na karitsiye ya golf. Izi sisitemu zipima hafi imwe - ya gatatu ya batiri ihwanye na batiri - ya acide mugihe itanga ubuzima bwa cycle 4, 000+ hamwe nubujyakuzimu 100% - yubushobozi bwo gusohora. Iboneza rya 36V bitanga imbaraga zihagije zo gutwara marine hamwe na gare ya golf mugihe ikomeza guhuza imbaraga na moteri ihari.

Ibikoresho byinganda birimo forklifts, AGVs (ibinyabiziga byayobowe na moteri), hamwe nimashini zogusukura ubucuruzi bigenda byerekana bateri ya LFP. Ubushobozi bwihuse - (kwishyuza byuzuye mumasaha 1.5 kuri 1C igipimo) bigabanya igihe cyo gukora. Igipimo kinini cyo gusohora - gikomeza 1C kugeza 3C bitewe nurwego rw'akagari, hamwe na pulse igera kuri 10C - itanga amashanyarazi asabwa kugirango yihute kandi azamuke. Kwihangana kwa batteri kubice bimwe - bya - byo kwishyuza bikuraho "ingaruka yibuka" yatesheje agaciro tekinoroji ya batiri.

LiFePO4 cells

LiFePO4 selile igurishwa mubyiciro byiza bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere no kuramba. Icyiciro A selile yerekana umusaruro - urwego rwo hejuru hamwe nubushobozi bujyanye nibisobanuro biri hagati ya 2%, kurwanya imbere munsi ya 0.3 mΩ, nubuzima bwikiziga burenga 3.000-6,000 byikuzimu 100% byubujyakuzimu. Utugingo ngengabuzima dukora ibizamini bikomeye harimo kugenzura ubushobozi, gupima imbere imbere, hamwe no kugenzura imbaraga za voltage. Kuringaniza ibice byoroha gupakira kuringaniza hamwe no guhanura imikorere.

Icyiciro cya B selile yerekana gutandukana kuva kurwego rwo hejuru. Ubushobozi bushobora kugabanuka 3 {8 Utugingo ngengabuzima tugaragaza bihagije kubisabwa bidasabwa aho imikorere yuzuye no kuramba bidakomeye. Kuzigama ibiciro bya 20-30% ugereranije nicyiciro cya A bituma bakurura imishinga ititaye ku ngengo yimari.

Ingirabuzimafatizo C zerekana umusaruro wananiwe kubahiriza ibipimo byo hejuru -. Ubushobozi butandukanye burashobora kurenga 5%, kurwanya imbere birashobora kuzamuka cyane, kandi ubuzima bwikurikiranya bugabanuka munsi yinzinguzingo 2000. Guhuza ibice bitera ibibazo kuringaniza mubice byinshi -. Mugihe ikora, utugingo ngengabuzima dukwiranye gusa nibisabwa byibuze bikenewe kandi aho gusimburwa hakiri kare biremewe.

Iyo gushakisha selile, abatanga isoko bazwi batanga raporo yikizamini cyerekana uruganda rwerekana ubushobozi, kurwanya imbere, voltage, nibisubizo byikizamini. Impamyabumenyi yatanzwe na ISO, CE, UL, na UN38.3 yerekana kubahiriza umutekano mpuzamahanga n’ibikorwa. Ingirabuzimafatizo zihenze akenshi zibura ibyangombwa nicyemezo, bitwara ibyago bikomeye byo gutsindwa imburagihe cyangwa ibibazo byumutekano.

Utugingo ngengabuzima twa LiFePO4 dukenera protocole yihariye yo kwishyuza kugirango twongere igihe cyo kubaho mugihe umutekano. Uburyo busanzwe buhoraho - uburyo buhoraho bwa voltage (CC - CV) butangirana no kwishyuza 0.5C (kimwe cya kabiri cya amp - igipimo cyamasaha) kugeza kigera kuri 3.65V kuri selile. Amashanyarazi noneho agumana voltage mugihe amashanyarazi agenda buhoro kugeza 0.05C, byerekana amafaranga yuzuye. Igihe cyose cyo kwishyuza gikora amasaha agera kuri 3 kuri 0.5C. Porotokole yishyurwa byihuse irashobora kurangiza inzira mumasaha 1.5 ukoresheje 1C, nubwo ibi byihuta gato - gutesha agaciro.

Gukurikirana ubushyuhe mugihe cyo kwishyuza birerekana ko ari ngombwa. Ingirabuzimafatizo nyinshi zerekana urugero rwa 0-45 zo kwishyuza, hamwe no kwishyuza munsi ya dogere 0 bitera kwangirika kwa lithium. Sisitemu yambere yo gucunga bateri ikubiyemo ibyuma byubushyuhe bihagarika kwishyuza hanze yumutekano muke cyangwa, muburyo bwa bateri bushyushye, selile zishyushye mbere yo kwemerera amashanyarazi. Ubushyuhe bwo gusohora bwagutse bwagutse, mubisanzwe -20 dogere kuri dogere 60, nubwo ubushobozi bugabanuka byigihe gito kurenza urugero.

Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS) ikora imirimo yingenzi yo gukingira muri LiFePO4. BMS ikurikirana ingufu za buri selile, ikarinda kwishyurwa hejuru ya 3.65V no hejuru ya - gusohora munsi ya 2.5V - ibintu byombi byangiza burundu selile. Kugabanuka kurubu birinda kurenga ubushobozi bwakagari kasohotse, mugihe igabanuka ryubushyuhe ririnda ibintu byubushyuhe. Muri byinshi - iboneza rya selile, BMS ikora kuringaniza selile, ikemeza ko selile zose zigera kumurongo umwe wubwishyu nubwo ubushobozi buke butandukanye.

Leta yerekana ibyerekana ibibazo byihariye hamwe na chimie ya LFP. Bitandukanye nubundi bwoko bwa lithium - ion yerekana imbaraga za voltage zigabanutse gusohora, LiFePO4 ikomeza imbaraga zidasanzwe zingana na 20 - 90% ya SOC. Umuvuduko - ushingiye ku kigereranyo cya SOC ugaragaza ko utizewe muri kano karere. Gushyira mu bikorwa BMS bigezweho bifashisha kubara coulomb - gukurikirana amp - mu masaha no hanze-hamwe hamwe na kalibrasi ya buri gihe kugirango ikomeze gusoma neza SOC.

LiFePO4 cells

Litiyumu nikel manganese cobalt oxyde (NMC) itanga ingufu nyinshi, mubisanzwe 150-200 Wh / kg, ituma paki ya batiri yoroshye kubushobozi bungana. Iyi nyungu ifite akamaro cyane mu kirere no mu binyabiziga bikora amashanyarazi aho buri kilo kigira ingaruka no kwihuta. Nyamara, bateri ya NMC igura byinshi, kuzenguruka inshuro nke (1.000-2000 cycle isanzwe), kandi bitwara ibyago byinshi byo guhunga ubushyuhe. Ubuhanga bwa chimie busaba nikel na cobalt, byombi biterwa nimbogamizi zitangwa hamwe nibibazo bituruka kumyitwarire.

Litiyumu nikel cobalt aluminium oxyde (NCA) itera ingufu zingana cyane, igera kuri 250-300 Wh / kg muri selile premium. Tesla mumateka yakoresheje selile ya Panasonic NCA kumirongo yimodoka ikora. Ubuhanga bwa chimie butanga imbaraga zidasanzwe kugirango byihute ariko bigabana aho NMC igarukira kubijyanye nubuzima bwikurikiranya nubushyuhe bwumuriro. Ibiciro byo gukora birenze LFP kuburyo bugaragara.

Kurongora - bateri ya acide ikomeza kuba rusange mubikorwa ushyira imbere igiciro cyambere kuruta ibindi byose. Ku $ 100 - 150 / kWh kuri bateri yuzuye, gurş - aside ikubita LFP ibiciro byambere. Ariko, kugereranya gutandukana kubiciro byose bya nyirubwite. Kurongora - aside itanga 300 - 500 byizunguruka kuri 50% byubujyakuzimu, bisaba kubungabungwa buri gihe, kandi ipima inshuro 3 - inshuro 4 kurenza ubushobozi bwa -. Imyaka itanu yo gusimbuza cycle-acide na 10+ imyaka ya LFP ihindura inyungu yikiguzi mu isesengura ryimyaka myinshi.

Bateri zikomeye - bateri za leta zerekana ubundi buryo bugaragara kuva mumyaka yubucuruzi ku gipimo. Izi bateri zisezeranya ingufu nyinshi hamwe n’umutekano kurushaho mu gusimbuza electrolyte y’amazi n’ibikoresho bikomeye bya ceramic cyangwa polymer. Nyamara, ibibazo byo gukora, ibiciro byinshi, hamwe nigihe kirekire gihamye - kwizerwa bigumaho - tekinoroji ya leta mugice cyiterambere guhera 2024.

Igishushanyo mbonera cya LiFePO4 gisaba kwitondera iboneza rya voltage nibisabwa mubushobozi. Ihuriro ryikurikiranya rigwiza voltage (selile enye 3.2V zitanga 12.8V), mugihe ihuza ryongeweho ryongerera ubushobozi (selile 100Ah ebyiri zibangikanye zitanga 200Ah). Ariko, kuvanga selile ziva mubikorwa bitandukanye, amatariki yo kugura, cyangwa nibice byibyara umusaruro bitera ubusumbane bwihutisha kwangirika. Imyitozo myiza yerekana selile imwe yaguzwe icyarimwe kubikoresho byose bya batiri.

Kwiyongera kumubiri bigomba kwakira imicungire yubushyuhe kandi bikemerera kwaguka gake mugihe gikora. Mugihe LiFePO4 ifite kubyimba gake ugereranije nizindi chimisties, selile ziracyaguka gato hamwe nubushyuhe no gusaza. Gukomera gukomeye birinda uku kwaguka bitera guhangayika biganisha ku kunanirwa imburagihe. Sisitemu yo gushiraho igomba gutanga umutekano mugihe yemerera impinduka ntoya.

Imicungire yubushyuhe itangirira kuri passi igana gukonja bitewe nibisabwa. Kwishyiriraho guhagarara akenshi bishingiye kuri convection naturel no kugenzura ubushyuhe bwibidukikije. Porogaramu - zikoreshwa muri iki gihe nkibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bisaba gukonjesha gukomeye, mubisanzwe sisitemu yumwuka cyangwa amazi atunga selile muburyo bwiza bwa dogere 20 - 30. Ibinyuranye, ubukonje bwikirere bushobora gukenera ibintu byo gushyushya kugirango bizane selile mubushyuhe bwumuriro mbere yo kwakira amashanyarazi.

Isoko iriho - ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza aside bisaba guhindura LiFePO4. Amashanyarazi gakondo - charger ya acide yagenewe 14.4V ya voltage yanyuma izishyuza igice cya banki ya 12V LFP, ihagarare hafi ya 50 - 60% yishyurwa. Intego - yubatswe ya LiFePO4 yamashanyarazi 14.4 - 14.6V (selile 4 × 3.6V) kugirango yishyure byuzuye. Kubura ibisabwa byo kwishyuza bireremba mubyukuri byorohereza sisitemu ya LFP iyo imaze kwishyurwa, bateri zirashobora kwicara igihe kitarimo amashanyarazi, kuko igipimo cyo kwikuramo gikora munsi ya 3% buri kwezi.

Ubuhanga bwa LiFePO4 bwirinda ibibazo byimyitwarire n’ibidukikije bijyanye no gucukura cobalt na nikel. Gukuramo Cobalt muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo birimo - byanditse ku ihohoterwa ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu n'imirimo ikoreshwa abana. Ubucukuzi bwa Nickel butera kwangiza ibidukikije binyuze mu kwanduza umurizo no kwangiza aho gutura. Batteri ya LFP ikuraho izo mpungenge burundu, ikoresheje ibyokurya byinshi hamwe na geografiya byagabanijwe hamwe na fosifate.

Gukora karubone ikirenge cya LiFePO4 ikora munsi ya NMC na NCA. Gutunganya byoroshye ibikoresho fatizo nibisabwa ingufu nke mugihe cyo kubyara bigabanya karubone ikubiyemo. Isesengura ryubuzima bugereranya imiti ya batiri yasanze bateri ya LFP itanga hafi 15% munsi ya CO2 ihwanye mugihe cyo gukora kurusha bateri ya NMC ifite ubushobozi bungana.

Kurangiza - ya - ubuzima busubiramo ubuzima butanga amahirwe nibibazo. Kubura cobalt na nikel bigabanya ubushake bwubukungu bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa, kuko ibikoresho byagaruwe bifite agaciro keza ku isoko. Nyamara, lithium na fer byombi bikwiye gukira kubwimpamvu zibidukikije. Uburyo bushya bwo gutunganya ibintu bushobora kugarura 95% + byibikoresho biva muri selile LiFePO4 binyuze muri hydrometallurgical cyangwa uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu neza. Icyakabiri - porogaramu zubuzima zitanga indi nzira, hamwe na selile zasezeye kuri EV kuri 70-80% ubushobozi bwo kubona imikoreshereze mishya mububiko buhagaze aho ubwinshi bwingufu budakomeye.

Ubuzima bwagutse bwimikorere ya bateri ya LFP busanzwe butezimbere ibipimo biramba. Batare imara imyaka 10 kuri 6000 cycle hamwe nimyaka 3 kuri 1000 cycle bivuze ko umusaruro muke wagabanutse, kugabanya ibikoresho, no kubyara imyanda kuri kilowatt - isaha yo kwinjiza ingufu. Iyi nyungu yo kuramba irashobora kwerekana LiFePO4 uruhare runini rwibidukikije.

LiFePO4 cells

CATL yo mu 2024 yatangaje 205 Wh / kg selile LiFePO4 irerekana intambwe ikomeye yingufu zingana, kuziba icyuho na chimisties zirushanwe zititangiye ubuzima bwinzira cyangwa umutekano. Isosiyete yabigezeho binyuze mu gukoresha amashanyarazi ya elegitoronike no gutunganya inganda zikora neza, ikomeza ibiciro by’umusaruro ku nzego zisanzwe. Niba byemejwe mubikorwa byubucuruzi, utugingo ngengabuzima dutuma LFP iba ingirakamaro kubisabwa mbere bisaba ingufu zingana zingana.

Byihuse - iterambere ryishyurwa rikemura imwe muri LFP isigaye. Batiri ya ChenL ya Shenxing, yashyizwe ahagaragara mu 2023 hamwe n’umusaruro rusange uteganijwe mu mpera za 2024, itanga kilometero 400 (kilometero 248) ziva muminota 10. Kugera kuri ibi bisabwa gutera imbere mugukora electrode, guhimba electrolyte, no gucunga ubushyuhe. Umuvuduko nkuyu wo kwishyiriraho wegera igihe cyo gutwika ibinyabiziga bisanzwe, bikuraho inzitizi ikomeye yo kwakirwa na EV.

Hasi - imikorere yubushyuhe yagura ibahasha ikora ya LFP. Impamyabumenyi yihariye yakozwe nabakora nka Grepow igumana ubushobozi bwa 85% kuri dogere - 20 kandi igakomeza gukora kuri dogere - 45. Utugingo ngengabuzima dukonje dushoboza LiFePO4 yoherejwe mubihe byimbere bidakwiriye, gufungura amasoko muburaruko bwamajyaruguru hamwe nuburebure bwo hejuru. Ikoranabuhanga ryungura cyane cyane ibikoresho bya gisirikare, sisitemu zo mu kirere, n'ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi mu turere twa polar.

Akagari - kugeza - ipaki na selile - kugeza kuri - udushya twa chassis dukuraho urwego gakondo rwa module, rwinjiza selile mubice byubaka. Igishushanyo mbonera cya BYD ya Blade itunganya ingirabuzimafatizo nkibintu byubaka, bizamura ubushobozi bwa 50% mugihe byoroshya inteko. Ibikoresho bya Tesla byubatswe mumodoka 4680-selile bigera kubufatanye. Iterambere ryubwubatsi ryishyura igice igice cyingufu za LFP binyuze mumikoreshereze myiza yumwanya.

LiFePO4 selile mubisanzwe itanga 3.000 - 6,000 byuzuye byuzuye mbere yo kugera kubushobozi bwa 80%, bivuze imyaka 10+ mubisabwa byinshi. Ubuzima busanzwe buterwa cyane nuburyo bukoreshwa - gusiganwa ku magare (20 - 80% urwego rwa SOC) birashobora kwongerera ubuzima ubuzima bwa 10, 000+, mu gihe guhora bisohora cyane kugirango umuyaga wihuta wihuta gusaza. Imicungire yubushyuhe igira ingaruka zikomeye kuramba, hamwe ningirabuzimafatizo zikora muri dogere 20-30 ibidukikije bimara igihe kinini cyane ugereranije nubushyuhe bukabije. Kurinda BMS neza kurinda umuyaga mwinshi, munsi ya voltage, hamwe nubu bikabije byerekana ko ari ngombwa kugirango ugere ku buzima bwikurikiranya.

Kuvanga selile ziva mubikorwa bitandukanye, ibyiciro byibyakozwe, cyangwa amatariki yo kugura bitera kwizerwa no guhungabanya umutekano. Ingirabuzimafatizo zifite itandukaniro rito mubushobozi, kurwanya imbere, hamwe na voltage biranga nubwo byapimwe kimwe. Ihindagurika ritera kwishyurwa kutaringaniye aho selile zimwe zigera kumuriro wuzuye imbere yizindi, biganisha kuri voltage irenga - kuri selile zimwe na munsi ya - kwishyuza izindi. Igihe kirenze, ubwo busumbane bwihutisha kwangirika kwingirangingo zidakomeye, birashobora gutera sisitemu kunanirwa. Imyitozo myiza isaba gukoresha selile ihuye yaguzwe icyarimwe kubikoresho byose bya batiri, byemeza imikorere ihamye hamwe nigihe kinini cyo kubaho.

Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri irinda LiFePO4 selile ibintu bitera kwangirika burundu cyangwa guhungabanya umutekano. BMS irinda kwishyurwa hejuru ya 3.65V kuri selile, itera plaque ya lithium kandi yihutisha gusaza. Ihagarika gusohora munsi ya 2.5V, irinda kwangirika kwibintu bidasubirwaho. Kugabanuka kurubu bituma igipimo cyo gusohoka mubisobanuro bya selile, birinda guhangayika. Muri paki nyinshi - selile, BMS ikora kuringaniza kugirango iringanize voltage selile nubwo ubushobozi buke butandukanye. Gukurikirana ubushyuhe birinda kwishyurwa munsi ya dogere 0 kandi bigahagarika sisitemu niba selile zishyushye. Hatabayeho gukingira BMS, bateri za LiFePO4 zigabanya igihe cyo kubaho hamwe nuburyo bwo gutsindwa.

LiFePO4 irusha izindi porogaramu gushyira imbere umutekano, kuramba, hamwe nigiciro cyose cya nyirubwite hejuru yubucucike bwuzuye. Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu, gutura hamwe ningirakamaro - igipimo, byungukirwa nubuzima bwagutse bwa LFP hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro. Porogaramu zo mu nyanja ziha agaciro umwirondoro wumutekano no kwihanganira ibidukikije bikaze. Amagare ya Golf, forklifts, nibikoresho byinganda byifashisha amashanyarazi byihuse hamwe nubushobozi bwo gusohora cyane. Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi murwego rwubukungu ziragenda zifata LFP kubyiza byigiciro, ikemera ibihano byoroheje. Imikorere ya - imikorere ya EV, porogaramu zo mu kirere, hamwe na elegitoroniki yikurura aho uburemere bugira ingaruka zikomeye imikorere iracyashimangira imbaraga - ingufu - ubucucike bwa NMC cyangwa imiti ya NCA nubwo ubuzima bwabo bugufi hamwe nigiciro kinini.

Gusobanukirwa selile LiFePO4 bikubiyemo kumenya ubucuruzi bwibanze bwa chimie - off - kwigomwa ingufu zingufu zumutekano muke, kuramba bidasanzwe, nubukungu bushimishije. Ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere binyuze mubushakashatsi muburyo bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi, gukora electrolyte, hamwe nubuhanga bwo gukora. Imbaraga zamasoko ziragenda zishimangira LFP mugihe irangira ryipatanti rituma inganda nini zaguka, umunzani wumusaruro ugera kubisabwa na EV, hamwe na - igiciro - cya - kubara nyirubwite byerekana igihe kirekire -. Kubisabwa aho bateri ikorera kumyaka icumi aho gusimburwa mumyaka mike, selile LiFePO4 itanga inyungu zingirakamaro zisobanura inyungu zabo ku isoko ryihuse mububiko bwingufu, ubwikorezi, ninganda.