Igisubizo nyacyo kirangaye kuruta udutabo twamamaza dushaka ko wemera. Batteri zo mu nyanja ntabwo ari ikintu kimwe - ni icyiciro cyose cya bateri zagenewe (mubitekerezo, uko byagenda kose) kugirango zikemure igihano kidasanzwe kizanwa no kuba kumazi. Ariko hano niho bigoye: bateri zose zo mu nyanja ntabwo zikora akazi kamwe, kandi mvugishije ukuri, zimwe murizo ntanubwo zitandukanye nibyo washyira mumodoka yawe.
Mbere yuko nanyura mu bwoko na spes, reka mbe imbere: ibi bintu bihinduka vuba. Ibyafatwaga nka bateri nziza ya marine yashizwe mumyaka itanu ishize birashobora kuba impanuro zashaje uyumunsi, cyane cyane tekinoroji ya lithium isenya ibirori.
Kuki udashobora gukoresha Bateri yimodoka gusa?
Muburyo bwa tekiniki urashobora - Nabonye abantu babikora - ariko nibitekerezo bibi kubwimpamvu zidahora zigaragara mbere.
Batteri yimodoka yubatswe kumurimo umwe wihariye: gutanga imbaraga nyinshi kugirango uhindure moteri yawe, hanyuma uhite usubirana nubundi buryo. Nibyo bita "bateri yo gutangira" cyangwa SLI (gutangira, gucana, gutwika). Isahani yisununu imbere iroroshye kandi ifite ubuso bunini kugirango igere kuri punch ya mbere. Umaze gutangira moteri, bateri irikumwe gusa, iguma hejuru.
Ku bwato, urasaba bateri gukora byinshi. Nukuri, ugomba gutangira moteri, ariko kandi urimo ukoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, pompe ya bilge, amatara, wenda ushakisha amafi, birashoboka ko moteri itwara - byose mugihe moteri ishobora kuzimya amasaha. Kuramo bateri yimodoka kugeza kuri 50 ku ijana inshuro nke uzayica. Isahani yoroheje ntabwo yari igenewe ubwo bwoko bwo gusiganwa ku magare. Bazasimba, sulfate, kandi bananiwe inzira byihuse kuruta garanti yerekana.
Hano hari amazi. Ubwato buranyerera. Baratsinze. Rimwe na rimwe, bafata imiraba hejuru y'umuheto. Batteri yimodoka irashobora gusuka aside mugihe yatanzwe kuko ifite electrolyte yamazi itembera imbere. Ntabwo ari akajagari - ni akaga kandi irashobora kwangiriza ibintu hafi aho.
Ubwoko butatu Ntawe ubisobanura neza
Hano niho isi ya bateri ya marine irakara, kuberako abayikora batabikora byoroshye kubyumva.
Gutangira Bateri:Ahanini ni bateri yimodoka zivuga ko zinyeganyega -. Birashoboka ko aribyo, birashoboka ko atari - Sinigeze mbona amakuru akomeye yemeza. Bazagusunika hanze cyangwa moteri yimbere, ariko ntubasabe gukora imitwaro yinzu yawe igihe kirekire. Uzabona ibi byanditseho "bateri ya cranking" cyangwa "bateri yo mu nyanja" ifite numero ndende ya CCA (imbeho ikonje) kuri label.
Batteri Yimbitse:Ibi nibyo ushaka gukora ibintu mugihe moteri yazimye. Bafite amasahani manini ashobora gusohora 50 ku ijana (cyangwa munsi yubwoko bumwe) hejuru no hejuru. Umuzenguruko wimbitse urashobora kuguha inzinguzingo 500 - 1000 mbere yuko zitera, ariko iyo mibare igizwe ahanini nishami rishinzwe kwamamaza. Ibisubizo nyabyo-isi biratandukanye bitewe nuburyo ubikoresha.
Igice giteye urujijo? Batteri zose "zimbitse" zirema kimwe. Bamwe barimo gutangira bateri zifite ibirango bitandukanye. Inzira yonyine yo kumenya ni ukugenzura ibintu bifatika - reba ubushobozi bwabigenewe (RC) cyangwa amp - amasaha (Ah), ntabwo ari CCA gusa.
Bateri ebyiri Intego:Amahitamo yo kumvikana agerageza gukora imirimo yombi. Kandi nka benshi bumvikanyeho, ntabwo bakomeye nabo. Bazatangira moteri yawe kandi bazakoresha ibikoresho, ariko ntibazanyeganyega nka bateri yabugenewe kandi ntibazunguruka inshuro nyinshi nkizunguruka ryimbitse.
Naganiriye nabantu bahagije kuri marina kugirango menye ko bateri ebyiri - intego zishobora kuba ari zo zizwi cyane kubwato buto, ahanini kubera ko byoroshye kugira bateri imwe. Niba ibyo bifite ubwenge biterwa nuburyo ukoresha ubwato bwawe.
Ubwoko bwa AGM nigihe bifite akamaro
Bateri ya Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM) yahindutse ikintu gishyushye mubikorwa byo mu nyanja wenda imyaka 10 - hashize imyaka 15, none abantu bose bakora nkumuswa niba ukomeje gukoresha bateri yuzuye aside-aside.
AGMs nziza? Mubisanzwe, yego. Electrolyte yinjizwa mu matiku ya fiberglass aho kunyerera nk'amazi, ku buryo adashobora kumeneka. Zishyuza vuba, zisohora buhoro, kandi zifata neza vibrasiya. Batwaye kandi hafi kabiri bateri zuzuye.
Dore ibyo ibikoresho byo kwamamaza bitakubwira: AGMs zirahitamo kubyerekeye kwishyuza. Birenzeho hanyuma uzabiteke. Kubishyuza hejuru hanyuma bazahindure sulfate nkizindi zose ziyobora - acide. Niba sisitemu yo kwishyiriraho ubwato bwashyizweho kuri bateri zuzuye (ibyinshi ni), urashobora guhindura igenamiterere rya voltage. Ibi nabyize inzira igoye kubwato bwa mubyara wanjye ubwo twahinduraga muri AGM nibaza impamvu batteri yamaze ibihe bibiri gusa.
Kubwato bwicara amezi adakoreshwa - kandi tuvugishe ukuri, ubwo ni bwo bwato bwo kwidagadura - AGMs birumvikana cyane kuko ubwabo - gusohora buhoro. Ntushobora gusubira muri bateri zapfuye mugihe cyizuba.
Litiyumu: Ikoranabuhanga rikomeye, Ukuri kwa Messy
Batteri ya Litiyumu ya fosifate (LiFePO4) ni nziza muburyo bwemewe muburyo bwose bufite akamaro. Nibyoroshye, bishyuza abasazi byihuse, urashobora kubimanura kugeza kuri 20 ku ijana cyangwa munsi yacyo nta byangiritse, kandi birashoboka ko barenze ubwato bwawe.
Ariko dore gufata ntawe uvuze imbere: ubwato bwawe birashoboka ko butabashyiriweho.
Abenshi mubasimburanya bazaturika bagerageza kwishyuza bateri ya lithium kuko bateri ya lithium yemera kwishyurwa byihuse kuburyo uwasimbuye ashyuha. Ukeneye undi usimburana hamwe nubwenge bwo hanze bwubwenge cyangwa DC - kugeza - DC yamashanyarazi hagati. Ayo ni andi $ 500-1000 hejuru ya bateri zimaze kubahenze.
Noneho hariho ikirere gikonje. Batteri ya Litiyumu ntishobora kwishyuza iyo iri munsi yubukonje, bityo ukeneye imwe yubatswe - muri hoteri niba hari aho ukonje. Batteri ya lithium ihendutse ntabwo ifite ibi, kandi abantu bamenye inzira igoye mugihe bateri yabo $ 1200 ihindutse impapuro zimpapuro mu Gushyingo.
Simvuze ngo ntukajye lithium - abantu benshi bishimiye nabo - gusa menya ko atari swap yoroshye. Umusore nzi abinyujije muri club yubwato yashyize lithium muri cruiser ye umwaka ushize maze amara ibyumweru yiruka gremlins mumashanyarazi ye mbere yuko abona ibintu byose akina neza.
Ibyo Ntamuntu Uvuga: Agasanduku ka Batiri nu mwanya
Ibi ntabwo ari igitsina, ariko bifite akamaro kuruta bateri ubwayo rimwe na rimwe.
Batteri zo mu nyanja zigomba kuba mu isanduku ikwiye ya batiri, zifite umutekano ku buryo zidashobora kuzenguruka, kandi zerekeza hanze. Nabonye ubwato aho umuntu yambitse bateri hasi mucyumba akayita nziza. Iyo iyo bateri yananiwe (kandi byose birananirana amaherezo), iyubakwa rya gaze ya hydrogène mugihe cyo kwishyuza rishobora gutera igisasu. Ntibisanzwe, ariko kubera iki bishobora kubishira mu kaga?
Batteri zuzuyemo umwuzure zikeneye rwose guhumeka. AGMs na lithium bifunze, kubwibyo bifite umutekano, ariko uracyashaka ko bifite umutekano. Bateri y'ibiro 75 iguruka mu kazu kawe mu nyanja itoroshye ni misile.
Kandi hano hari ikintu kizagutwara intera: umugozi muremure ukora. Shira banki yawe muri banki hejuru yumuheto hanyuma ukoreshe metero 20 za kabili usubire mubikoresho byawe, kandi ubura voltage munzira. Ibara rya voltage yamashanyarazi ibaho kumurongo, ariko mubyukuri, komeza kwiruka mugufi kandi ukoreshe insinga zingana.
Nigute ushobora kugerageza Bateri yo mu nyanja
"Ikizamini cya bounce" aho ubireka ukareba niba bigikora sibyo, nubwo nyirarume yakubwiye, ikizamini nyacyo.
Inzira iboneye ni hamwe nugupima umutwaro, ikoresha umutwaro uremereye kandi igapima umuvuduko wa voltage. Amaduka menshi yimodoka azagerageza bateri yawe kubusa niba uyizanye, ariko gutwara bateri yinyanja hafi birababaza.
Ku bwato, urashobora kubona ishusho nziza hamwe na multimeter. Hamwe na bateri yuzuye kandi iruhutse (nta kwishyuza, nta mizigo, tegereza byibuze isaha), reba voltage:
12.6V cyangwa irenga=yishyuwe byuzuye
12.4V=hafi 75% yishyuwe
12.2V=hafi 50% yishyuwe
Munsi ya 12V=ahanini bapfuye
Ariko ibi birakubwira gusa leta ishinzwe, ntabwo ari ubuzima. Bateri ipfa irashobora kwerekana 12.6V kuruhuka hanyuma ikamanuka kuri 11V isegonda ukingura umutwaro.
Ikizamini cyiza: shyira umutwaro uzwi kuri bateri (birashoboka ko ukoresha amatara yawe ya kabine na radio) hanyuma urebe voltage. Niba igabanutse vuba, bateri iba ifite intege nke. Ibi ntabwo ari siyanse, ariko bizakubwira igihe cyo gusimbuza.
Ikurikiranabikorwa rishya rya bateri irashobora gukurikirana amp - amasaha mugihe no hanze mugihe, bikaguha kubara byerekana ubushobozi wasigaranye. Ibi bigura amadorari 200-500 bitewe nibiranga, kandi niba uri serieux yo kumenya uko bateri yawe imeze, birakwiye. Amaherezo nashizeho igihembwe gishize mpita mbona ko nayobora banki yinzu yanjye munsi yibyo natekerezaga.
Nukuri - Ubushobozi bwisi nimero yo kwamamaza
Dore ikintu gishimishije: urwo rutonde "100Ah" kuri bateri yawe? Birashoboka ko udashobora gukoresha byose.
Kuri bateri zuzuye na AGM, ugomba gusohora gusa 50% niba ushaka ko zimara. Bateri rero "100Ah" iguha rwose 50Ah yubushobozi bukoreshwa. Kuramo kure kandi urimo guca mubuzima bugaragara.
Batteri ya Litiyumu ni nziza - urashobora gukoresha neza 80 - 90 ku ijana yubushobozi - ariko kandi birahenze cyane, bityo ikiguzi kuri amp-isaha ikoreshwa ntigishobora kuba gitandukanye nkuko wabitekereza.
Nabonye kandi ko bateri zisa nkizitanga ubushobozi bwazo mugihe ubipimye. Byaba aribyo kuko amanota afite icyizere cyangwa kuberako bateri nyinshi zitangira gutesha agaciro umunsi zakozwe, sinzi neza. Ariko teganya wenda 80 - 90 ku ijana byubushobozi bwagenwe mukoresha isi-nyayo.
Ubushyuhe bufite akamaro kuruta uko ubitekereza
Ubushobozi bwa bateri bugabanuka mugihe cyubukonje. Batare yagereranijwe na 100Ah kuri dogere 80 F ishobora gutanga 70Ah gusa kuri dogere 32 F. Niyo mpamvu ubwato bwo mu kirere bw’amajyaruguru burwanira mu mpeshyi no kugwa - batteri iba ifite intege nke.
Kuruhande rwa flip, ubushyuhe bwinshi bwihutisha kwangirika. Niba batteri yawe irimo guteka mugice cya moteri idafite umwuka, ntutangazwe nigihe bapfuye bakiri bato. Buri dogere 15 F yiyongera mubushyuhe buringaniye igabanya kabiri ubuzima bwa bateri, nkurikije ubushakashatsi bumwe nasomye (nubwo bwari ubwa bateri yimodoka, ntabwo marine yihariye).
Ntabwo mfite igisubizo cyiza kuri ibi usibye "gerageza gutuma bateri ikonja kandi wibuke ko ifite intege nke mugihe cy'itumba."
Gusimbuza Batteri yawe yo mu nyanja: Ikiguzi nyacyo
Bateri yuzuye yuzuye ya bateri ikora wenda $ 100-200. AGM ni $ 200-400. Litiyumu ni $ 600-1200 cyangwa irenga, bitewe n'ubushobozi.
Ariko iyo ni bateri gusa. Niba uhinduranya ubwoko, ushobora gukenera:
Igenamiterere rishya ryo kwishyuza ($ 0 niba ushobora kuyihindura wenyine, $ 200+ niba ukeneye amashanyarazi yo mu nyanja)
Intsinga ya Bateri na terefone ($ 50-150)
DC - kugeza - Amashanyarazi ya DC ya lithium ($ 300-800)
Monitori nshya ya batiri ($ 200-500)
Nanone, guta bateri zishaje ni ububabare. Ahantu hamwe habajyana kubuntu, ahandi basaba amafaranga. Isasu ni uburozi, ntukabashinyagure gusa.
Igihe nasimbuzaga banki yinzu yubwato bwumwaka ushize, natekereje ko nkoresha amadorari 400 kuri bateri ebyiri za AGM. Mugihe nasimbuye ibyuma byangiritse, nkongera umugozi umwe, kandi nkishyura amafaranga, nari hafi $ 600.
Ibyo Nkora Mubyukuri (Kubyo Bikwiye)
Mu bwato bwanjye bwite - a 26 - ubwato bwikirenge bubona ikoreshwa rya wikendi hamwe nicyumweru rimwe na rimwe - urugendo rurerure-Nkoresha itsinda rimwe 24 AGM ritangira bateri na batiri ebyiri zo mu itsinda rya 27 AGM kuri banki yinzu. Ibi birashoboka cyane kurugendo rwicyumweru, ariko nkunda kugira ubushobozi bwo kumara igihe kirekire kuri ankeri.
Litiyumu yaba nziza? Rwose. Nshobora gutsindishiriza ikiguzi mugihe AGMs zikora neza? Ntabwo aribyo. Ahari iyo aba bapfuye mumyaka 3-5, ibiciro bya lithium bizaba byamanutse bihagije kugirango byumvikane.
Igenamiterere ryawe rizaba ritandukanye ukurikije ibyo ufite - hanze na vuga imbere, uko ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki ukoresha, waba uri munsi yumunsi cyangwa ingendo ya liveaboard. Ntabwo ngiye kwitwaza ko hari igisubizo kimwe cyukuri.
Ibintu Biracyafite Urujijo
Hariho byinshi ntumva neza kubyerekeye bateri zo mu nyanja, kandi ntabwo ngiye kwigira ukundi. Chimie ya Bateri iragoye. Kuki bateri zimwe zimara imyaka 10 izindi zipfa muri 3 nubwo zikoreshwa muburyo bumwe? Ntabwo bisobanutse neza. Isano nyayo iri hagati yubushyuhe, igipimo cyamafaranga, nigihe cyo kubaho? Nabonye amakuru avuguruzanya.
Niba urangije kujya munzira ya lithium, numvise ibintu byizaBateri ya Ionicuhereye kubantu bake kuri marina. Ntabwo wigeze uyikoresha kugiti cyawe, ariko basa nkaho bakemura ikibazo cyubukonje bwikirere gikonje kuruta bimwe mubikorwa byingengo yimari. Birakwiye ko ureba niba ugura hirya no hino.
