MPPT ni iki?

Dore rero ibintu bisekeje byabaye kuwa kabiri ushize. Nari mfite ikawa hamwe na Dave wo mu itsinda ryacu rishinzwe gutanga amasoko (urabizi, umusore uhora yinubira abatanga amasoko yo kuyobora), arambaza ati: "Ibi bintu byose MPPT ukomeje gukora mu nama za R&D?"

Ikibazo cyiza, mubyukuri. Tujugunya aya magambo ahinnye nka confetti mubukwe, ariko abantu benshi hanze yububiko bwa injeniyeri ntibafite ibimenyetso bifatika ibyo tuvuga.

MPPT isobanura imbaraga ntarengwa zo gukurikirana. Kandi oya, nubwo udutabo tumwe na tumwe two kugurisha twumva, ntabwo agasanduku kirabura kirabura "kora imirasire y'izuba yawe neza." Mubyukuri biroroshye rwose iyo urenze izina riteye ubwoba.

Iburyo, shushanya iyi. Ufite imirasire y'izuba yicaye hejuru yinzu yawe. Bisa byoroshye bihagije - urumuri rwizuba rurakubita, amashanyarazi arasohoka, akazi karangiye. Usibye ko atari ibintu byoroshye, nibyo?

Imirasire y'izuba iratangaje. Ntabwo baguha imbaraga zihoraho utitaye kubyo ubakorera. Umuvuduko numuyoboro bitanga impinduka ukurikije umutwaro ubahuza nabo, kandi dore umugeri: hariho UMWE gusa wihariye wa voltage numuyoboro aho ukura imbaraga zishoboka zishoboka muri kiriya kibanza.

Ibi tubyita Maximum Power Point, cyangwa MPP. Izina ryiza, ndabizi.

Noneho, iyi ngingo igenda ihora. Igicu kinyura hejuru? MPP irimuka. Ubushyuhe burahinduka? MPP irimuka. Ikibaho kibamo umukungugu? Wakekaga, MPP irimuka. Nukugerageza gukubita intego igenda mugihe uhumye.

Ibi nibyo Sarah (umuyobozi wa sisitemu yacu iyobora - umugore mwiza, uburyohe buteye ikawa) yabwiye umukiriya ukwezi gushize ati: "Tekereza urimo ugerageza kuzuza indobo amazi, ariko igitutu cya robine gikomeza guhinduka, kandi ugomba guhora uhindura intera ufunguye kugirango ubone umuvuduko mwiza." Ntabwo ari byiza, ariko byabonye ingingo.

Mbere yuko MPPT iba ihame - tuvuga hagati ya za 90 hano - imirasire y'izuba yakoresheje ibyo twita abagenzuzi ba PWM. PWM isobanura Pulse Width Modulation, nuburyo bwiza bwo kuvuga ko bahindura isano hagati ya panel yawe na bateri kuri no kuzimya byihuse kugirango bagenzure kwishyuza.

Ikibazo? Abagenzuzi ba PWM ahanini bakurura panneaux ya panne hasi kugirango bahuze na voltage ya bateri. Niba rero ufite imirasire y'izuba ya 36V hamwe na batiri ya 12V, uri gusa ... uta igice kinini cyiyo voltage. Ninkaho kugura imodoka ya siporo kandi burigihe kuyitwara mubikoresho byambere. Nibyo, birakora, ariko maraso yamenetse iki?

Mubyukuri ndacyafite kimwe muribi bice bya kera bya PWM bicaye muri garage yanjye kuva umushinga twakoze muri 2009. Nimpapuro nziza cyane.

MPPT

Umugenzuzi wa MPPT aratandukanye cyane. Aho kujugunya gusa voltage yumurongo wawe kugeza kurwego rwa bateri, ikoresha DC - DC ihindura (tekereza nkigisanduku cyuma cya elegitoroniki) kugirango uhindure iyo voltage nini mumashanyarazi menshi kuri voltage yo hasi.

Dore physics bit, ariko ndasezeranya kuzakomeza muri make: Imbaraga=Umuvuduko × Ibiriho. Niba rero ufite 36V kuri 3A uhereye kumwanya wawe (108W), umugenzuzi wa MPPT arashobora guhindura ibyo hafi 12V kuri 9A (nanone 108W, ukuyemo igihombo). Urimo kubona imbaraga ZIMWE, gusa muburyo butandukanye bateri yawe ishobora gukoresha.

Ariko rindira, haribindi! (Narebye infomercials nyinshi)

Umugenzuzi wa MPPT ntabwo akora iyi mpinduka rimwe gusa akayita umunsi. Ihora ipima ibisohoka byumwanya, ihindura imitwaro itanga kumwanya, irongera igapima, kandi igakomeza guhinduka kugirango ibone aho hantu heza - Maximum Power Point - aho ikuramo imbaraga zidasanzwe zishoboka mumwanya wawe umwanya uwariwo wose.

Irimo ikora iyi mbyino inshuro nyinshi kumasegonda. Umunsi wose, buri munsi.

Noneho dore aho bishimishije, kandi aho ibigo nkibyacu bimara umwanya munini utongana mumanama yo gusuzuma tekiniki.

Hano hari imitwaro ya algorithms zitandukanye zo gukurikirana MPP:

Kwitonda no kwitegereza (P&O)- Iyi niyo kera yizewe. Umugenzuzi yerekana aho akorera yerekeza mu cyerekezo kimwe, agenzura niba imbaraga zazamutse cyangwa zimanuka, hanyuma zikongera zikikubita. Biroroshye, bifite akamaro, ariko birashobora kunyeganyega hafi ya MPP nkumusinzi ugerageza gushaka urufunguzo. Turabikoresha murugero rwacu Model S-150 kuko byagaragaye kandi bihendutse kubishyira mubikorwa.

Imyitwarire Yiyongera- Byinshi mubiharuro byiza, byitwa ko aribyo. Mubyukuri? Ntabwo nigeze mbona ikora neza cyane kurusha P&O mubihe nyabyo -, nubwo impapuro zamasomo zivuga. Twagerageje impande zombi - kuruhande rwa - amezi atatu mu cyi gishize (Kamena kugeza Kanama 2022), kandi itandukaniro ryo gusarura ingufu ntiryari munsi ya 2%. Ntabwo bikwiye gutunganyirizwa hejuru kubisabwa byinshi.

Gucamo ibice byumuzunguruko- Fata igitekerezo ukurikije icyerekezo cyafunguye - voltage yumuzunguruko. Byihuse ariko ntibisobanutse neza. Bimwe mubice bidahenze byabashinwa bikoresha ibi, kandi urashobora kubivuga - birahagije ariko ntabwo bikomeye.

Noneho ufite uburyo bushya bwiza bushya - imiyoboro ya neural, fuzzy logic, kugenzura uburyo bwo kunyerera. Kandi reba, Nzi neza ko bafite umwanya wabo muri laboratoire yubushakashatsi nibisabwa, ariko kuri 95% byubushakashatsi? P&O ikora akazi neza.

Tom wo mu ishami ryacu ryamamaza akomeje kudusunikira gushyira mubikorwa "AI - imbaraga MPPT" kubintu bizwi. Turakomeza kumubwira ko imiyoboro yimitsi idasobanutse kuriyi porogaramu kandi yakongeramo ibiciro kandi bigoye kubwinyungu nyayo. Iyi mpaka yatangiye kuva mu Kwakira. Ohereza ubufasha.

MPPT

"Ariko ni byiza bite?" - Buri. Ingaragu. Umukiriya. Inama.

Nibyiza, hano rero hari imibare ifatika yavuye mubizamini byo murwego twakoresheje muri 2022:

Mubikorwa byacu mumajyepfo ya Espagne (akarere ka Málaga, niba ufite amatsiko), twabonye:

MPPT vs PWM: 25-30% imbaraga nyinshi zisarurwa mugereranije

Iterambere ryiza: 45% (ibi byari mu Kuboza hamwe nigicucu cyigice)

Iterambere ribi cyane: 15% (hagati - icyi, iminsi isobanutse, iyo na PWM ikora neza)

Iterambere ni rinini iyo:

Umwanya wa voltage ya panel yawe urenze cyane voltage ya bateri

Ufite igicucu igice

Ubushyuhe buratandukanye cyane

Ufite panne idahuye muri array

Ni ntoya iyo ibintu byose ari byiza - mubyukuri ntabwo bigeze bibaho kwisi.

Sinzakurambira nigishushanyo cyuzuye cyumuzingi, ariko dore topologiya yibanze:

Abagenzuzi benshi ba MPPT bakoresha impinduramatwara (intambwe - hasi), kuzamura impinduka (intambwe - hejuru), cyangwa buck - kuzamura impinduka (irashobora gukora byombi) nkimbaraga zabo. Mubisanzwe tujya hamwe na top topology kuko imirasire yizuba myinshi ni voltage irenze bateri barimo.

Igice cyo kugenzura ubusanzwe gifite:

Microcontroller (dukoresha urukurikirane rwa STM32 mumurongo wambere)

Umuyagankuba hamwe na sensor ya none

Ibyuma byubushyuhe (kumwanya, bateri, na mugenzuzi ubwayo)

Ubwoko bumwe bwabakoresha interineti (LCD ecran, Bluetooth, ibyo aribyo byose)

Nibyo rwose. Ubumaji buri muri software - algorithm ihitamo uburyo bwo guhindura imikorere.

Model yacu nshya X - 300 dutangiza ukwezi gutaha (itangazo ryemewe muri SolarTech Expo i Amsterdam ku ya 8 Werurwe - uze uvuge uraho niba uhari!) Ukoresha intungamubiri ebyiri kugirango dushobore gukurikirana igenzura ry'umutekano twigenga kuri algorithm ya MPPT. Kurenza urugero? Birashoboka. Ariko nyuma yibyo bibaye hamwe nitsinda ryabanywanyi bafashe umuriro muri Ositaraliya umwaka ushize (ntuzavuga amazina, ariko birashoboka ko wabyumvise), ntabwo dufata amahirwe.

"MPPT iguha imbaraga nyinshi mu mbaho zawe."- Oya. Ikibaho cyawe gitanga ibyo gitanga ukurikije izuba. MPPT iremeza gusa ko UKORESHA izo mbaraga zose zishoboka aho kuyitesha.

"Ntukeneye MPPT hamwe na sisitemu nto."- Imyanda. Ndetse na sisitemu ntoya yunguka. Nukuri, inyungu zuzuye zunguka ni nto, ariko ijanisha - ubwenge ni kimwe.

"MPPT ni ya gride - sisitemu yo guhuza"- Nanone ni bibi. Ikora cyane muburyo bwo kwishyuza bateri, mubyukuri niho tubona ibicuruzwa byacu byinshi.

"Abagenzuzi ba MPPT bose ni bamwe."- Ha! Bwira ibyo itsinda ryubwubatsi. Tumara amezi tunonosora imikorere, imicungire yumuriro, kwizerwa. Ariko nzabyemera, kubakoresha bisanzwe, unit 50 Igishinwa hamwe na control 400 umugenzuzi ashoborabisabisa. Kugeza igihe bihendutse binaniwe nyuma y'amezi atandatu, nibyo.

Reba, ngomba kukugurisha kubicuruzwa byacu, ariko reka mvugishe ukuri (ntubwire shobuja navuze ibi):

Niba ufite sisitemu ntoya cyane (munsi ya 50W), umugozi mugufi ukoresha, voltage ya panne yawe ihuye neza na voltage ya bateri yawe, kandi uri kuri bije itagabanije - PWM irashobora kuba nziza. Uzasiga imbaraga kumeza, ariko rimwe na rimwe ibyo ni ubucuruzi bwemewe - kuzimya.

Twari dufite umukiriya umwaka ushize wifuzaga guha ingufu ikirere gito muri Scottish Highlands . 20 W panel, bateri 12V, budget 30 bije. Nasabye umugenzuzi wa PWM uhendutse. Yaguze igice cya MPPT uko byagenda kose kuko "yashakaga ibyiza." Nibyiza bihagije, ni amafaranga ye, ariko ROI kuri kiriya cyemezo birashoboka ko itigeze.

Iri koranabuhanga rijya he? Nibyiza, turimo kubona inzira nke:

Ikwirakwizwa MPPT- Aho kugirango umugenzuzi umwe munini kuri array yose, ntoya nziza kuri buri kibaho. Ibyiza byo kugicucu, ariko byongeweho ikiguzi nibigoye. Ubu turi kugerageza ibi mumushinga w'icyitegererezo muri Noruveje.

Guhuza ibicu- Umuntu wese arashaka kugenzura imirasire y'izuba avugana na terefone yabo. Ni ukuri, kubera iki. Porogaramu yacu mubyukuri ni nziza, nubwo nabivuga ubwanjye. Urashobora kubona ibikorwa nyabyo - igihe, amakuru yamateka, kandi bizakumenyesha niba hari ibitagenda neza. Twasunitse ivugurura mucyumweru gishize gikosora imiterere ya batiri - ya - igereranya ryishyurwa - ryasomaga hafi 5% byiringiro mbere.

Algorithms nziza- Ibi ni ibitekerezo byanjye bwite. Nakoraga kuri algorithm yo guhanura ikoresha amakuru yimiterere yikirere kugirango pre - ihindure ubusa ibipimo byo gukurikirana. Cyakora? Rimwe na rimwe. Birakwiye ko dushyira ingufu? Abacamanza baracyari hanze.

MPPT

Been ukora ibi birebire bihagije kugirango umenye amakosa asanzwe:

Ingano neza- Ntugure 60A MPPT mugenzuzi kumwanya wa 10A. Birasesagura. Mu buryo bumwe, ntugapfobye wibwira ko uzigama amafaranga. Uzangiza gusa mugihe byanze bikunze wongeyeho izindi panel nyuma.

Komeza gukonja- Ibi bintu bitanga ubushyuhe. Ntugashyire mu gasanduku kafunze mu zuba ryinshi. Nibyo, abantu mubyukuri barabikora. Oya, sinumva impamvu.

Ubushyuhe bwa Bateri- Koresha! Kwishyuza voltage bigomba kuba ubushyuhe - indishyi. Ubushyuhe bwicyumba no hagati ya Sahara bisaba voltage zitandukanye.

Ingano nini- Twabonye CYANE guhamagarwa kubagenzuzi badakora neza, kandi burigihe burigihe insinga zidafite umurongo zitera voltage kugabanuka. Koresha insinga zamaraso zingana kubara kurubuga rwacu.

Igenamiterere rifite akamaro- Igenamiterere risanzwe ni conservateur. Soma igitabo (ndabizi, igitekerezo gitangaje) hanyuma ugishire kubwoko bwa bateri yawe yihariye.

None, MPPT ni iki? Nubusanzwe ni tekinoroji ya elegitoroniki ihuza ibyuma byerekana ko imirasire yizuba hamwe na batiri ikorana neza kuburyo bushoboka, ihora ihindura imiterere kugirango uhindure watt zose zishoboka.

Birakwiriye? Kubikorwa byinshi, rwose. Igiciro cyinyongera cyumugenzuzi wa MPPT hejuru ya PWM ariyishyura mukongera umusaruro mwinshi mumwaka umwe cyangwa ibiri.

Turabogamye kuberako tubagurisha? Nibyo. Ariko nanone turabizera, bitabaye ibyo ntitwaba tumaze imyaka 15 ishize tunonosora ikoranabuhanga no kubaka twavuga ko bamwe mubagenzuzi ba MPPT beza ku isoko. (Kandi yego, nzi ko sosiyete yose ibivuga, ariko ibyacu mubyukuri. Undwanye.)

Ibyo ari byo byose, niba ufite ibibazo, ubireke mubitekerezo cyangwa unyandikire imeri. Cyangwa icyiza kurushaho, mumfate muri imurikagurisha rya Amsterdam muri Werurwe. Ninjye unywa ikawa nyinshi kandi nsobanurira MPPT umuntu wese uzumva.

Oh, hamwe nugucomeka byihuse - guhuza MPPT yawe nabateri ya ionicniba ubishoboye. Kwishyuza byihuse biranga mubyukuri umugenzuzi akora neza mugihe gito cyitumba. Twagerageje iyi combo kuva umwaka ushize kandi inyungu zunguka birakwiye kuvugwa.