Sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe ni iki?
Sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe
Imicungire yumuriro wa Batiri, ishingiye ku ngaruka zubushyuhe ku mikorere ya bateri, ihujwe n’ibiranga amashanyarazi ya batiri hamwe n’uburyo bwo gutanga ubushyuhe, kandi bigashyirwa mu ntera nziza y’ubushyuhe / isohoka ry’ubushyuhe bwa bateri runaka, ni ikoranabuhanga rikemura ikibazo cyo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe cyangwa guhunga ubushyuhe biterwa n’ubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa buke mu gihe cya bateri. Ibi bigerwaho hifashishijwe igishushanyo mbonera kandi gishingiye kubikoresho siyanse, amashanyarazi, guhererekanya ubushyuhe, imbaraga za molekile, nubundi bumenyi. Kugumana ubushyuhe bukwiye bwo gukora ni ngombwa kugirango ipaki ya batiri ikomeze gukora neza. Kubwibyo, gutegura igishushanyo mbonera cyimicungire yubushyuhe bwa lithium - ipaki ya batiri ifite akamaro kanini mugutezimbere imikorere rusange ya sisitemu ya bateri.
Sisitemu yo gucunga amashanyarazi ya batiri ifite imirimo itanu yingenzi ikurikira: measurement gupima neza no gukurikirana ubushyuhe bwa batiri; Gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe neza no guhumeka mugihe ubushyuhe bwa paki ya batiri buri hejuru cyane; Heating gushyushya byihuse munsi yubushyuhe -; Guhumeka neza iyo habaye imyuka yangiza; no ⑤ kwemeza ubushyuhe bumwe bwo gukwirakwiza muri bateri.
Amashanyarazi ya Bateri yububiko bwa sisitemu yo gutunganya
Hejuru - imikorere ya bateri yamashanyarazi sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe isaba uburyo bwa sisitemu. Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwinshi bwo gushushanya uburyo bwo gucunga amashyuza burahari. Ikoreshwa cyane ni sisitemu yo gucunga amashyuza ya batiri yateguwe na National Laboratoire y’ingufu (NREL) muri Amerika, muri gahunda yayo harimo intambwe ndwi:
1) Menya neza - kalibiri n'ibisabwa muri sisitemu yo gucunga amashyuza. Ukurikije ubushyuhe bwa bateri hamwe nubushyuhe bukwiye bwo gukora, menyesha kugenzura - kalibiri ya sisitemu yo gucunga amashyuza. Kurugero, ubushyuhe bukwiye bwo gukora kuri batiri ya lithium - ion ni dogere 10 ~ 40, hamwe nubushyuhe buke - ubushyuhe bwa dogere 0 nubushyuhe bwo hejuru -. Kubwibyo, igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe bugomba, mugihe cyujuje ubushyuhe bukabije bwa bateri, guharanira kuzuza ibisabwa byubushyuhe bukenewe.
2) Gupima cyangwa kugereranya module yubushyuhe nubushobozi bwubushyuhe. Binyuze mumashanyarazi ya batiri - gusohora ibizamini no kubara bigereranijwe ukurikije ubushobozi bwa bateri yihariye, menya ubushyuhe cyangwa imbaraga zo gushyushya.
3) Isuzuma ryambere rya sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe, harimo guhitamo uburyo bwo guhererekanya ubushyuhe no gushushanya imiterere yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe. Mubisanzwe, gukonjesha bateri bigerwaho hakoreshejwe gukonjesha ikirere cyangwa gukonjesha amazi. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha ikirere iroroshye muburyo bwimiterere ariko idakora neza; sisitemu yo gukonjesha amazi iragoye muburyo ariko ikora neza. Hariho kandi uburyo butandukanye bwo gushyushya, nko kuzenguruka ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya umwuka, gushyushya amazi, no gushyushya imirasire yumuriro bituruka kubushyuhe.
4) Vuga imyitwarire yubushyuhe ya module na pack ya batiri. Ukurikije uko ipaki ya bateri ikora, teganya kandi usuzume ikwirakwizwa ryubushyuhe nibisabwa mugihe cyo gusaba.
5) Igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu yo gucunga amashyuza. Ukurikije ubushyuhe bwagenwe hamwe nibisubizo byimyitwarire yubushyuhe, kora ihame nigishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu yo gucunga amashyuza.
6) Gutegura no kugerageza sisitemu yo gucunga amashyuza. Kora ibipimo - hasi cyangwa byuzuye - sisitemu ya bateri nini hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga amashyuza ya batiri, kandi urebe neza imikorere ya sisitemu yo gucunga amashyanyarazi ukurikije uburyo nyabwo bwo gukora ku ntebe yikizamini.
7) Hindura uburyo bwo gucunga amashyuza. Kunoza no kunoza sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe bushingiye kubisubizo byubushakashatsi.
Imiterere nibintu byatoranijwe muburyo bwo gushushanya sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe
Amashanyarazi ya Batiri Kubara no guhanura ubushyuhe
Batteri ntabwo itwara ubushyuhe bwiza. Kumenya gusa ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwo hejuru ntibihagije kugirango wumve neza imiterere yubushyuhe bwimbere ya bateri. Kubara ubushyuhe bwimbere bwimbere ukoresheje imibare yimibare no guhanura imyitwarire yumuriro wa bateri nintambwe yingirakamaro mugushushanya sisitemu yo gucunga amashyuza. Kugeza ubu, imibare nyamukuru yimibare ikubiyemo ebyiri - ibipimo na bitatu - byerekana urugero. Muri ibyo, uburyo butatu - buringaniye, kubera ubwiza buhebuje kandi buhuza n'imiterere, bwakoreshejwe cyane muri sisitemu nyinshi zo gucunga amashyuza ya batiri. Icyitegererezo ni iki gikurikira:
Aho T ni ubushyuhe;
ρ ni impuzandengo;
c_p nubushobozi bwihariye bwa bateri;
λ_x, λ_y, λ_z nubushyuhe bwumuriro wa bateri mubyerekezo bya x, y, na z;
q ni igipimo cyo kubyara ubushyuhe kuri buri gice.
Sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe Ubushyuhe bwo Gukwirakwiza Imiterere
Itandukaniro ryubushyuhe hagati ya moderi zitandukanye za batiri mumasanduku ya batiri yongerera ibitagenda neza mubirwanya imbere nubushobozi. Igihe kirenze, ibi birashobora gutuma umuntu arenza urugero cyangwa hejuru ya - gusohora bateri zimwe, bikagira ingaruka kumibereho no mumikorere, no guteza umutekano muke. Itandukaniro ryubushyuhe hagati ya moderi ya batiri iri mumasanduku ya batiri ifitanye isano rya bugufi na gahunda yo gupakira. Mubisanzwe, bateri hagati ikunda kwegeranya ubushyuhe, mugihe iziri kumpande zifite ubushyuhe bwiza. Kubwibyo, mugihe dushushanya imiterere yububiko bwa batiri no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, ni ngombwa kugirango ubushyuhe bumwe bugabanuke. Dufashe gukonjesha ikirere nkurugero, muri rusange hariho uburyo bubiri bwo guhumeka: urukurikirane hamwe nuburinganire, kugirango ubushyuhe bumwe bugabanuke. Igishushanyo mbonera kigomba kubahiriza amahame shingiro yubukanishi bwamazi hamwe nindege.
Guhitamo Abafana n amanota yo gupima ubushyuhe
Mugihe utegura sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe bwa bateri, ubwoko nimbaraga zumufana, umubare wubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, hamwe n’ahantu hapimirwa hagomba guhitamo neza.
Dufashe gukonjesha ikirere nkurugero, mugihe utegura uburyo bwo gukonjesha, mugihe hagaragaye ingaruka zimwe zo gukonjesha, kurwanya umuvuduko bigomba kugabanuka kugirango urusaku rwabafana no gukoresha ingufu, bityo bizamura imikorere muri rusange. Imbaraga zikoreshwa nabafana zirashobora kugereranywa mukugereranya umuvuduko wumuvuduko nigitemba ukoresheje uburyo bwo kugerageza, kubara, hamwe nuburyo bwamazi (CFD). Iyo kurwanya ibitemba ari bike, abakunzi ba axial barashobora gutekerezwa; iyo irwanya umuvuduko mwinshi, abafana ba centrifugal barakwiriye. Birumvikana ko umwanya ufitwe nabafana nigiciro cyacyo ugomba no gutekereza. Kubona ingamba nziza zo kugenzura abafana nimwe mumikorere ya sisitemu yo gucunga amashyuza.
Ikwirakwizwa ryubushyuhe bwa paki ya batiri mumasanduku ya batiri muri rusange ntabwo iringaniye, kubwibyo, birakenewe kumenya ikwirakwizwa ryumuriro wumuriro wa bateri mubihe bitandukanye kugirango tumenye ubushyuhe bukabije. Ibyuma byinshi byubushyuhe bitanga ibipimo byuzuye byubushyuhe, ariko byongera ibiciro bya sisitemu kandi bigoye. Ukurikije imiterere yihariye yubuhanga, mubyukuri, isesengura ryibintu bitagira ingano, amashusho yubushyuhe bwa infragre mu bushakashatsi, cyangwa nyabyo - igihe kinini - kugenzura ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe burashobora gukoreshwa mu gusesengura no gupima ikwirakwizwa ry’umuriro w’ubushyuhe bwa paki ya batiri, moderi ya batiri, na selile zitandukanye, kumenya umubare w’ibipimo byo gupima ubushyuhe no kubona ingingo ziboneye ahantu hatandukanye. Igishushanyo rusange kigomba kwemeza ko ibyuma byubushyuhe bidahura n’umuyaga ukonje kugirango urusheho gukomera no gupima ubushyuhe. Mugihe utegura bateri, umwanya ugomba guharirwa ibyuma byerekana ubushyuhe; kurugero, gufungura bikwiye birashobora gushushanywa ahantu hakwiye. Ibikoresho bya batiri yimodoka ya Toyota Prius Hybrid ifite selile 228 kugiti cye, kandi kugenzura ubushyuhe bikorwa na sensor 5 yubushyuhe. Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ya bisi y'amashanyarazi yateguwe n'Ikigo cy'ikoranabuhanga cya Beijing ikoresha ingingo 6 zo gupima ubushyuhe kuri buri gasanduku (reba agace kazengurutse ku gishushanyo cya 8-16a), gitondekanye kuri terefone nziza kandi mbi hamwe n'umurongo w'amashanyarazi usohoka mu gasanduku ka batiri, nk'uko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 8-16.
Sisitemu yo gucunga neza ubushyuhe no kuyishyira mubikorwa
Ukurikije uburyo bwo guhererekanya ubushyuhe, gukonjesha ibikoresho bya batiri sisitemu yo gucunga amashyuza birashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butatu: gukonjesha ikirere, gukonjesha amazi, no gukonjesha ibintu. Urebye ubushakashatsi bwibikoresho niterambere hamwe nigiciro cyo gukora, sisitemu nziza kandi ikoreshwa cyane mugukwirakwiza ubushyuhe kuri ubu ikoresha umwuka nkuburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe.
Hashingiwe ku miterere yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere, sisitemu yo gukonjesha ikirere irashobora kugabanywa mu bwoko bubiri: guhumeka neza hamwe no guhumeka neza, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 8-17 na 8-18.
Muburyo bukurikirana, umwuka mubisanzwe uva muruhande rumwe rwapaki ya bateri ujya kurundi kugirango ukureho ubushyuhe. Nyamara, uyu mwuka utwara ubushyuhe uva mu bice unyuramo mbere ukanyura mu bice unyuramo nyuma, bikavamo ubushyuhe budahuye hamwe n’ubushyuhe butandukanye. Muburyo bubangikanye, umwuka uva hagati ya module uzamuka uhagaritse, ukwirakwiza umwuka uringaniye kandi ukemeza ko ubushyuhe buhoraho mugupakira bateri.
Sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe irashobora gushyirwa mubice bya sisitemu ya pasiporo kandi ikora ukurikije niba ifite ibikoresho byo gushyushya imbere cyangwa gukonjesha. Sisitemu ya pasiporo ntabwo ihenze kandi isaba ibikorwa remezo byoroshye; sisitemu ikora iraruhije kandi isaba imbaraga zinyongera, ariko zitanga imikorere myiza.
Igishushanyo cya 8-19, 8-20, na 8-21 byerekana igishushanyo mbonera cyibikorwa byo gushyushya ikirere bikora kandi byoroshye kandi bikwirakwiza ubushyuhe.
Mu gishushanyo cya 8-19 na 8-20, nubwo umwuka wakonje kandi ushushe na sisitemu yo guhumeka cyangwa gushyushya imodoka, iracyafatwa nka sisitemu ya pasiporo. Hamwe niyi sisitemu ya pasiporo, kubera kudahuza ubushyuhe bwikirere cyatangijwe, umwuka wibidukikije ugomba gukora mubushyuhe runaka (dogere 10 ~ 35) kugirango ucunge neza ubushyuhe. Gukora mubihe bikonje cyane cyangwa bishyushye birashobora kuvamo ubusumbane bukabije mumapaki ya batiri.
Muri sisitemu yo gushyushya, usibye kwinjiza umwuka ushyushye mumapaki ya bateri, ubundi buryo burashobora gukoreshwa, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 8-22 ~ 8-25 (kuri bateri prismatique).
